CASH, CASAH, CASALH, CASLH Compare and swap halfword in memory This instruction reads a 16-bit halfword from memory, and compares it against the value held in a first register. If the comparison is equal, the value in a second register is written to memory. If the write is performed, the read and write occur atomically such that no other modification of the memory location can take place between the read and write. CASAH and CASALH load from memory with acquire semantics. CASLH and CASALH store to memory with release semantics. CASH has neither acquire nor release semantics. The architecture permits that the data read clears any exclusive monitors associated with that location, even if the compare subsequently fails. If the instruction generates a synchronous Data Abort, the register which is compared and loaded, that is <Ws>, is restored to the values held in the register before the instruction was executed. For a CASH or CASAH instruction, when <Ws> or <Xs> specifies the same register as <Wt> or <Xt>, this signals to the memory system that an additional subsequent CASH, CASAH, CASALH, or CASLH access to the specified location is likely to occur in the near future. The memory system can respond by taking actions that are expected to enable the subsequent CASH, CASAH, CASALH, or CASLH access to succeed when it does occur. A code sequence starting with a CASH or CASAH instruction for which <Ws> or <Xs> specifies the same register as <Wt> or <Xt>, and ending with a subsequent CASH, CASAH, CASALH, or CASLH to the same location, exhibits the following properties for best performance when the location may be accessed concurrently, on one or more other PEs: The sequence does not contain any direct system register writes, address translation instructions, cache or TLB maintenance operations, exception producing instructions, exception returns, or ISB barriers. The execution of the sequence includes 32 or fewer instructions. The value provided in <Ws> or <Xs> of the first CASH or CASAH is a value likely to result in the comparison failing. A failing comparison result may lead to better performance due to the hardware not performing a write to memory. For a CASH or CASAH instruction, when <Ws> or <Xs> specifies the same register as <Wt> or <Xt>, the value in memory is not modified, because the CASH or CASAH either fails its compare or writes the same value back to memory. For more information about memory ordering semantics, see Load-Acquire, Store-Release. For information about addressing modes, see Load/Store addressing modes. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 CASH <Ws>, <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>{, #0}] 1 0 CASAH <Ws>, <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>{, #0}] 1 1 CASALH <Ws>, <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>{, #0}] 0 1 CASLH <Ws>, <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>{, #0}] if !IsFeatureImplemented(FEAT_LSE) then UNDEFINED; constant integer s = UInt(Rs); constant integer t = UInt(Rt); constant integer n = UInt(Rn); constant boolean acquire = L == '1'; constant boolean release = o0 == '1'; constant boolean tagchecked = n != 31; <Ws> Is the 32-bit name of the general-purpose register to be compared and loaded, encoded in the "Rs" field. <Wt> Is the 32-bit name of the general-purpose register to be conditionally stored, encoded in the "Rt" field. <Xn|SP> Is the 64-bit name of the general-purpose base register or stack pointer, encoded in the "Rn" field. bits(64) address; bits(16) comparevalue; bits(16) newvalue; constant boolean privileged = PSTATE.EL != EL0; constant AccessDescriptor accdesc = CreateAccDescAtomicOp(MemAtomicOp_CAS, acquire, release, tagchecked, privileged); comparevalue = X[s, 16]; newvalue = X[t, 16]; if n == 31 then CheckSPAlignment(); address = SP[]; else address = X[n, 64]; constant bits(16) data = MemAtomic(address, comparevalue, newvalue, accdesc); X[s, 32] = ZeroExtend(data, 32);