{ "type": "bundle", "id": "bundle--02c3ef24-9cd4-48f3-a99f-b74ce24f1d34", "spec_version": "2.0", "objects": [ { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Activate Firmware Update Mode", "description": "Adversaries may activate firmware update mode on devices to prevent expected response functions from engaging in reaction to an emergency or process malfunction. For example, devices such as protection relays may have an operation mode designed for firmware installation. This mode may halt process monitoring and related functions to allow new firmware to be loaded. A device left in update mode may be placed in an inactive holding state if no firmware is provided to it. By entering and leaving a device in this mode, the adversary may deny its usual functionalities.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T800", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0800" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Application logs", "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Joe Slowik - Dragos" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Alarm Suppression", "description": "Adversaries may target protection function alarms to prevent them from notifying operators of critical conditions. Alarm messages may be a part of an overall reporting system and of particular interest for adversaries. Disruption of the alarm system does not imply the disruption of the reporting system as a whole. \n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, the adversary suppressed alarm reporting to the central computer. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)\n\nA Secura presentation on targeting OT notes a dual fold goal for adversaries attempting alarm suppression: prevent outgoing alarms from being raised and prevent incoming alarms from being responded to. (Citation: References - Secura - 2019) The method of suppression may greatly depend on the type of alarm in question:\n\n* An alarm raised by a protocol message\n* An alarm signaled with I/O\n* An alarm bit set in a flag (and read)\n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to suppress or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. (Citation: References - Secura - 2019) Methods of suppression may involve tampering or altering device displays and logs, modifying in memory code to fixed values, or even tampering with assembly level instruction code.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T878", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0878" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" }, { "description": "Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil. (2019). A Diet of Poisoned Fruit: Designing Implants & OT Payloads for ICS Embedded Devices. Retrieved November 1, 2019.", "source_name": "References - Secura - 2019", "url": "https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19%20NGI%20IoT%20diet%20poisoned%20fruit.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Alarm thresholds", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Marina Krotofil", "Jos Wetzels - Midnight Blue" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2900bbd8-308a-4274-b074-5b8bde8347bc" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Automated Collection", "description": "Adversaries may automate collection of industrial environment information using tools or scripts. This automated collection may leverage native control protocols and tools available in the control systems environment. For example, the OPC protocol may be used to enumerate and gather information. Access to a system or interface with these native protocols may allow collection and enumeration of other attached, communicating servers and devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Control Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T802", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0802" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Data loss prevention", "Process command-line parameters" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Block Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may block a command message from reaching its intended target to prevent command execution. In OT networks, command messages are sent to provide instructions to control system devices. A blocked command message can inhibit response functions from correcting a disruption or unsafe condition. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, malicious firmware was used to render communication devices inoperable and effectively prevent them from receiving remote command messages. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T803", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0803" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm History", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Block Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may block or prevent a reporting message from reaching its intended target. Reporting messages relay the status of control system devices, which can include event log data and I/O values of the associated device. By blocking these reporting messages, an adversary can potentially hide their actions from an operator.\n\nBlocking reporting messages in control systems that manage physical processes may contribute to system impact, causing inhibition of a response function. A control system may not be able to respond in a proper or timely manner to an event, such as a dangerous fault, if its corresponding reporting message is blocked. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, malicious firmware was used to render communication devices inoperable and effectively block messages from being reported. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Input/Output Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T804", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0804" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm History", "Data historian", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Block Serial COM", "description": "Adversaries may block access to serial COM to prevent instructions or configurations from reaching target devices. Serial Communication ports (COM) allow communication with control system devices. Devices can receive command and configuration messages over such serial COM. Devices also use serial COM to send command and reporting messages. Blocking device serial COM may also block command messages and block reporting messages. \n\nA serial to Ethernet converter is often connected to a serial COM to facilitate communication between serial and Ethernet devices. One approach to blocking a serial COM would be to create and hold open a TCP session with the Ethernet side of the converter. A serial to Ethernet converter may have a few ports open to facilitate multiple communications. For example, if there are three serial COM available -- 1, 2 and 3 --, the converter might be listening on the corresponding ports 20001, 20002, and 20003. If a TCP/IP connection is opened with one of these ports and held open, then the port will be unavailable for use by another party. One way the adversary could achieve this would be to initiate a TCP session with the serial to Ethernet converter at 10.0.0.1 via Telnet on serial port 1 with the following command: telnet 10.0.0.1 20001.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Input/Output Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T805", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0805" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Data historian", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Brute Force I/O", "description": "Adversaries may brute force I/O addresses on a device and attempt to exhaustively perform an action. By enumerating the full range of I/O addresses, an adversary may manipulate a process function without having to target specific I/O interfaces. More than one process function manipulation and enumeration pass may occur on the targeted I/O range in a brute force attempt.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Control Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T806", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0806" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Sequential event recorder", "Data historian", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Change Program State", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to change the state of the current program on a control device. Program state changes may be used to allow for another program to take over control or be loaded onto the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T875", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0875" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Command-Line Interface", "description": "Adversaries may utilize command-line interfaces (CLIs) to interact with systems and execute commands. CLIs provide a means of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many types of platforms and devices within control systems environments. (Citation: EAttack Command-Line Interface) Adversaries may also use CLIs to install and run new software, including malicious tools that may be installed over the course of an operation.\n\nCLIs are typically accessed locally, but can also be exposed via services, such as SSH, Telnet, and RDP. Commands that are executed in the CLI execute with the current permissions level of the process running the terminal emulator, unless the command specifies a change in permissions context.\n\nMany controllers have CLI interfaces for management purposes.\n\nDetection: Command-line interface activities can be captured through proper logging of process execution with command-line arguments. This information can be useful in gaining additional insight to adversaries' actions through how they use native processes or custom tools.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T807", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0807" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). Command-Line Interface. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack Command-Line Interface", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1059" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Commonly Used Port", "description": "Adversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend in with normal network activity, to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use the protocol associated with the port, or a completely different protocol. They may use commonly open ports, such as the examples provided below.\n* TCP:80 (HTTP)\n* TCP:443 (HTTPS)\n* TCP/UDP:53 (DNS)\n* TCP:1024-4999 (OPC on XP/Win2k3)\n* TCP:49152-65535 (OPC on Vista and later)\n* TCP:23 (TELNET)\n* UDP:161 (SNMP)\n* TCP:502 (MODBUS)\n* TCP:102 (S7comm/ISO-TSAP)\n* TCP:20000 (DNP3)\n* TCP:44818 (Ethernet/IP)\n\nContributors: Matan Dobrushin - Otorio", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T885", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0885" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Matan Dobrushin - Otorio" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Connection Proxy", "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications.\n\nThe definition of a proxy can also be expanded to encompass trust relationships between networks in peer-to-peer, mesh, or trusted connections between networks consisting of hosts or systems that regularly communicate with each other.\n\nThe network may be within a single organization or across multiple organizations with trust relationships. Adversaries could use these types of relationships to manage command and control communications, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. (Citation: EAttack Connection Proxy)\n\nDetection: Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Network activities disassociated from user-driven actions from processes that normally require user direction are suspicious.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server or between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T884", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0884" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). Connection Proxy. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack Connection Proxy", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1090" }, { "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", "url": "https://www.cpni.gov.uk/Documents/Publications/2014/2014-04-23-c2-report-birmingham.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process use of network", "Process monitoring", "Packet capture", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Network protocol analysis" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Control Device Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform control device identification to determine the make and model of a target device. Management software and device APIs may be utilized by the adversary to gain this information. By identifying and obtaining device specifics, the adversary may be able to determine device vulnerabilities. This device information can also be used to understand device functionality and inform the decision to target the environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T808", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0808" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Damage to Property", "description": "Adversaries may cause damage and destruction of property to infrastructure, equipment, and the surrounding environment when attacking control systems. This technique may result in device and operational equipment breakdown, or represent tangential damage from other techniques used in an attack. Depending on the severity of physical damage and disruption caused to control processes and systems, this technique may result in Loss of Safety. Operations that result in Loss of Control may also cause damage to property, which may be directly or indirectly motivated by an adversary seeking to cause impact in the form of Loss of Productivity and Revenue. \n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill under an incidents affecting business section of its 2014 IT Security Report. (Citation: German Steel Mill - German Federal Office for Information Security - 2014) These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact and damage resulted from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace.\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden gained remote computer access to the control system and altered data so that whatever function should have occurred at affected pumping stations did not occur or occurred in a different way. This ultimately led to 800,000 liters of raw sewage being spilled out into the community. The raw sewage affected local parks, rivers, and even a local hotel. This resulted in harm to marine life and produced a sickening stench from the community's now blackened rivers. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)\n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12) (Citation: LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02) (Citation: LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. This resulted in damage to impacted trams, people, and the surrounding property. Reportedly, four trams were derailed and were forced to make emergency stops. (Citation: LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02) Commands issued by the student may have also resulted in tram collisions, causing harm to those on board and the environment outside. (Citation: LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T879", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0879" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" }, { "description": "John Bill. (2017, May 12). Hacked Cyber Security Railways. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/" }, { "description": "Shelley Smith. (2008, February 12). Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen%20hacker%20in%20poland%20plays%20tr/" }, { "description": "Bruce Schneier. (2008, January 17). Hacking Polish Trams. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking%20the%20pol.html" }, { "description": "Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security). (2014). Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany). Retrieved October 30, 2019.", "source_name": "German Steel Mill - German Federal Office for Information Security - 2014", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?%20blob=publicationFile&v=3" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--83ebd22f-b401-4d59-8219-2294172cf916" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Data Destruction", "description": "Adversaries may perform data destruction over the course of an operation. The adversary may drop or create malware, tools, or other non-native files on a target system to accomplish this, potentially leaving behind traces of malicious activities. Such non-native files and other data may be removed over the course of an intrusion to maintain a small footprint or as a standard part of the post-intrusion cleanup process. (Citation: EAttack File Deletion) \n\nData destruction may also be used to render operator interfaces unable to respond and to disrupt response functions from occurring as expected. An adversary may also destroy data backups that are vital to recovery after an incident.\n\nStandard file deletion commands are available on most operating system and device interfaces to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Two examples are Windows Sysinternals SDelete and Active@ Killdisk.\n\nDetection: It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Human-Machine Interface", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T809", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0809" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). File Deletion. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack File Deletion", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1107" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "Process monitoring" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Matan Dobrushin - Otorio" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Data Historian Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may compromise and gain control of a data historian to gain a foothold into the control system environment. Access to a data historian may be used to learn stored database archival and analysis information on the control system. A dual-homed data historian may provide adversaries an interface from the IT environment to the OT environment. \n\nDragos has released an updated analysis on CrashOverride that outlines the attack from the ICS network breach to payload delivery and execution. (Citation: Industroyer - Dragos - 201810) The report summarized that CrashOverride represents a new application of malware, but relied on standard intrusion techniques. In particular, new artifacts include references to a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 host, with a SQL Server. Within the ICS environment, such a database server can act as a data historian. Dragos noted a device with this role should be \"expected to have extensive connections\" within the ICS environment. Adversary activity leveraged database capabilities to perform reconnaissance, including directory queries and network connectivity checks.\n\nPermissions Required: Administrator\n\nContributors: Joe Slowik - Dragos", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T810", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0810" }, { "description": "Dragos. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "Industroyer - Dragos - 201810", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ "Administrator" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Joe Slowik - Dragos" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Data from Information Repositories", "description": "Adversaries may target and collect data from information repositories. This can include sensitive data such as specifications, schematics, or diagrams of control system layouts, devices, and processes. Examples of target information repositories include reference databases and local machines on the process environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Engineering Workstation", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T811", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0811" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Application logs", "Authentication logs", "Data loss prevention", "Third-party application logs" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Default Credentials", "description": "Adversaries may leverage manufacturer or supplier set default credentials on control system devices. These default credentials may have administrative permissions and may be necessary for initial configuration of the device. It is general best practice to change the passwords for these accounts as soon as possible, but some manufacturers may have devices that have passwords or usernames that cannot be changed. (Citation: Guidance - NIST SP800-82)\n\nDefault credentials are normally documented in an instruction manual that is either packaged with the device, published online through official means, or published online through unofficial means. Adversaries may leverage default credentials that have not been properly modified or disabled.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Control Server", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T812", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0812" }, { "description": "Keith Stouffer. (2015, May). Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security. Retrieved March 28, 2018.", "source_name": "Guidance - NIST SP800-82", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Authentication logs", "Windows event logs", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Denial of Control", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of control to temporarily prevent operators and engineers from interacting with process controls. An adversary may attempt to deny process control access to cause a temporary loss of communication with the control device or to prevent operator adjustment of process controls. An affected process may still be operating during the period of control loss, but not necessarily in a desired state. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT)\n\nIn the Maroochy attack, the adversary was able to temporarily shut an investigator out of the network preventing them from issuing any controls.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T813", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0813" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e33c7ecc-5a38-497f-beb2-a9a2049a4c20" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Denial of Service", "description": "Adversaries may perform Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to disrupt expected device functionality. Examples of DoS attacks include overwhelming the target device with a high volume of requests in a short time period and sending the target device a request it does not know how to handle. Disrupting device state may temporarily render it unresponsive, possibly lasting until a reboot can occur. When placed in this state, devices may be unable to send and receive requests, and may not perform expected response functions in reaction to other events in the environment.\n\nSome ICS devices are particularly sensitive to DoS events, and may become unresponsive in reaction to even a simple ping sweep. Adversaries may also attempt to execute a Permanent Denial-of-Service (PDoS) against certain devices, such as in the case of the BrickerBot malware. (Citation: BrickerBot - ICS-CERT - Alert)\n\nAdversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to cause a denial of service by taking advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to cause a or denial of service condition.\n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge about industrial protocols or control devices used in the environment through Control Device Identification. There are examples of adversaries remotely causing a Device Restart/Shutdown by exploiting a vulnerability that induces uncontrolled resource consumption. (Citation: Industroyer - ICS-CERT ADV) (Citation: Industroyer - CWE-400) (Citation: Industroyer - CVE-2015-5374)\n\nIn the Maroochy attack, the adversary was able to shut an investigator out of the network. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T814", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0814" }, { "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, April 18). CS Alert (ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A) BrickerBot Permanent Denial-of-Service Attack. Retrieved October 24, 2019.", "source_name": "BrickerBot - ICS-CERT - Alert", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" }, { "description": "ICS-CERT. (2018, August 27). Advisory (ICSA-15-202-01) - Siemens SIPROTEC Denial-of-Service Vulnerability. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", "source_name": "Industroyer - ICS-CERT ADV", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-202-01" }, { "description": "Common Weakness Enumeration. (2019, January 03). CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", "source_name": "Industroyer - CWE-400", "url": "http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html" }, { "description": "MITRE. (2018, March 22). CVE-2015-5374. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", "source_name": "Industroyer - CVE-2015-5374", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5374" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Data historian", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture", "Sequential Event Recorder" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Denial of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of view in attempt to disrupt and prevent operator oversight on the status of an ICS environment. This may manifest itself as a temporary communication failure between a device and its control source, where the interface recovers and becomes available once the interference ceases. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT) \n\nAn adversary may attempt to deny operator visibility by preventing them from receiving status and reporting messages. Denying this view may temporarily block and prevent operators from noticing a change in state or anomalous behavior. The environment's data and processes may still be operational, but functioning in an unintended or adversarial manner.\n\nIn the Maroochy attack, the adversary was able to temporarily shut an investigator out of the network, preventing them from viewing the state of the system.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T815", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0815" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--56ddc820-6cfb-407f-850b-52c035d123ac" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Detect Operating Mode", "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the current operating state of a PLC. CPU operating modes are often controlled by a key switch on the PLC. Example states may be run, prog, stop, remote, and invalid. Knowledge of these states may be valuable to an adversary to determine if they are able to reprogram the PLC.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T868", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0868" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Detect Program State", "description": "Adversaries may seek to gather information about the current state of a program on a PLC. State information reveals information about the program, including whether it's running, halted, stopped, or has generated an exception. This information may be leveraged as a verification of malicious program execution or to determine if a PLC is ready to download a new program.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T870", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0870" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Device Restart/Shutdown", "description": "Adversaries may forcibly restart or shutdown a device in the ICS environment to disrupt and potentially cause adverse effects on the physical processes it helps to control. Methods of device restart and shutdown exist as built-in, standard functionalities. This can include interactive device web interfaces, CLIs, and network protocol commands, among others. Device restart or shutdown may also occur as a consequence of changing a device into an alternative mode of operation for testing or firmware loading.\n\nUnexpected restart or shutdown of control system devices may contribute to impact, by preventing expected response functions from activating and being received in critical states. This can also be a sign of malicious device modification, as many updates require a shutdown in order to take affect. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nFor example, DNP3's function code 0x0D can reset and reconfigure DNP3 outstations by forcing them to perform a complete power cycle. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, the adversaries gained access to the control networks of three different energy companies. The adversaries scheduled disconnects for the uniterruptable power supply (UPS) systems so that when power was disconnected from the substations, the devices would shut down and service could not be recovered. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T816", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0816" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Alarm history", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Drive-by Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system during a drive-by compromise, when a user visits a website as part of a regular browsing session.With this technique, the user's web browser is targeted and exploited simply by visiting the compromised website. \n\nThe adversary may target a specific community, such as trusted third party suppliers or other industry specific groups, which often visit the target website. This kind of targeted attack relies on a common interest, and is known as a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. \n\nThe National Cyber Awareness System (NCAS) has issued a Technical Alert (TA) regarding Russian government cyber activity targeting critical infrastructure sectors. \n (Citation: Alert - CISA TA18-074A) Analysis by DHS and FBI has noted two distinct categories of victims in the Dragonfly campaign on the Western energy sector: staging and intended targets. The adversary targeted the less secure networks of staging targets, including trusted third-party suppliers and related peripheral organizations. Initial access to the intended targets used watering hole attacks to target process control, ICS, and critical infrastructure related trade publications and informational websites.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T817", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0817" }, { "description": "NCAS. (2018, March 15). Alert (TA18-074A) Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", "source_name": "Alert - CISA TA18-074A", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Packet capture", "Network device logs", "process use of network", "Web proxy", "SSl/TLS inspection", "Network intrusion detection system" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Engineering Workstation Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may compromise and gain control of an engineering workstation as an Initial Access technique into the control system environment. Access to an engineering workstation may occur as a result of remote access or by physical means, such as a person with privileged access or infection by removable media. A dual-homed engineering workstation may allow the adversary access into multiple networks. For example, unsegregated process control, safety system, or information system networks. \n\nAn Engineering Workstation is designed as a reliable computing platform that configures, maintains, and diagnoses control system equipment and applications. Compromise of an engineering workstation may provide access to and control of other control system applications and equipment. \n\nIn the Maroochy attack, the adversary utilized a computer, possibly stolen, with proprietary engineering software to communicate with a wastewater system.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T818", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0818" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "API monitoring", "Windows event logs" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Joe Slowik - Dragos" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Execution through API", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to leverage Application Program Interfaces (APIs) used for communication between control software and the hardware. Specific functionality is often coded into APIs which can be called by software to engage specific functions on a device or other software, such as Change Program State of a program on a PLC.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T871", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0871" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "API monitoring", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exploit public-facing applications to leverage weaknesses on Internet-facing computer systems, programs, or assets in order to cause unintended or unexpected behavior. These public-facing applications may include user interfaces, software, data, or commands. In particular, a public-facing application in the IT environment may provide adversaries an interface into the OT environment. \n\nICS-CERT analysis has identified the probable initial infection vector for systems running GE\u2019s Cimplicity HMI with a direct connection to the Internet. \n (Citation: ICS CERT 14-281)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T819", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0819" }, { "description": "ICS-CERT. (2014, December 10). ICS Alert (ICS-ALERT-14-281-01E) Ongoing Sophisticated Malware Campaign Compromising ICS (Update E). Retrieved October 11, 2019.", "source_name": "ICS CERT 14-281", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-14-281-01B" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Web logs", "Web application firewall logs", "Application logs", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Exploitation for Evasion", "description": "Adversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to take advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to evade detection. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to disable or circumvent security features.\n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through Control Device Identification about security features implemented on control devices. These device security features will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of firmware RAM/ROM consistency checks on control devices being targeted by adversaries to enable the installation of malicious System Firmware", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T820", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0820" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Detonation chamber", "Malware reverse engineering" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services", "description": "Adversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to take advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to enable remote service abuse. A common goal for post-compromise exploitation of remote services is for lateral movement to enable access to a remote system. (Citation: EAttack Exploitation of Remote Services)\n\nICS asset owners and operators have been affected by ransomware (or disruptive malware masquerading as ransomware) migrating from enterprise IT to ICS environments: WannaCry, NotPetya, and BadRabbit. In each of these cases, self-propagating (\u201cwormable\u201d) malware initially infected IT networks, but through exploit (particularly the SMBv1-targeting MS17-010 vulnerability) spread to industrial networks, producing significant impacts. (Citation: Reference - Dragos - 201910)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Data Historian", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T866", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0866" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (n.d.). Exploitation of Remote Services. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "EAttack Exploitation of Remote Services", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210/" }, { "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Dragos - 201910", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/implications-of-it-ransomware-for-ics-environments/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Windows error reporting", "Process monitoring", "File monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "External Remote Services", "description": "Adversaries may leverage external remote services as a point of initial access into your network. These services allow users to connect to internal network resources from external locations. Examples are VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms. Remote service gateways often manage connections and credential authentication for these services. (Citation: EAttack External Remote Services)\n\nExternal remote services allow administration of a control system from outside the system. Often, vendors and internal engineering groups have access to external remote services to control system networks via the corporate network. In some cases, this access is enabled directly from the internet. While remote access enables ease of maintenance when a control system is in a remote area, compromise of remote access solutions is a liability. The adversary may use these services to gain access to and execute attacks against a control system network. Access to valid accounts is often a requirement. \n\nAs they look for an entry point into the control system network, adversaries may begin searching for existing point\u2010to\u2010point VPN implementations at trusted third party networks or through remote support employee connections where split tunneling is enabled. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, the adversary was able to gain remote computer access to the system over radio.\n\nThe 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid showed the use of existing remote access tools within the environment to access the control system network. The adversary harvested worker credentials, some of them for VPNs the grid workers used to remotely log into the control system networks. (Citation: Ukraine15 - Zetter, Kim) (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603) (Citation: Ukraine15 - ICSCERT) (Citation: Ukraine15 - Fireeye) The VPNs into these networks appear to have lacked two\u2010factor authentication. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Input/Output Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T822", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0822" }, { "description": "Daniel Oakley, Travis Smith, Tripwire. (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack External Remote Services", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1133" }, { "description": "Zetter, Kim. (2016, March 03). INSIDE THE CUNNING, UNPRECEDENTED HACK OF UKRAINE'S POWER GRID. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - Zetter, Kim", "url": "https://www.wired.com/2016/03/inside-cunning-unprecedented-hack-ukraines-power-grid/" }, { "description": "ICS-CERT. (2016, February 25). Cyber-Attack Against Ukrainian Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - ICSCERT", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/alerts/IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01" }, { "description": "John Hultquist. (2016, January 07). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - Fireeye", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Authentication logs" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Graphical User Interface", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gain access to a machine via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to enhance execution capabilities. Access to a GUI allows a user to interact with a computer in a more visual manner than a CLI. A GUI allows users to move a cursor and click on interface objects, with a mouse and keyboard as the main input devices, as opposed to just using the keyboard.\n\nIf physical access is not an option, then access might be possible via protocols such as VNC on Linux-based and Unix-based operating systems, and RDP on Windows operating systems. An adversary can use this access to execute programs and applications on the target machine.\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukrainian power grid, the adversary utilized the GUI of HMIs in the SCADA environment to open breakers. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)\n\nDetection: Detection of execution through the GUI will likely lead to significant false positives. Other factors should be considered to detect misuse of services that can lead to adversaries gaining access to systems through interactive remote sessions. \n\nUnknown or unusual process launches outside of normal behavior on a particular system occurring through remote interactive sessions are suspicious. Collect and audit security logs that may indicate access to and use of Legitimate Credentials to access remote systems within the network.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T823", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0823" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Process monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "Binary file metadata" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Hooking", "description": "Adversaries may hook into application programming interface (API) functions used by processes to redirect calls for persistent means. Windows processes often leverage these API functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions. (Citation: EAttack Hooking)\n\nOne type of hooking seen in ICS involves redirecting calls to these functions via import address table (IAT) hooking. IAT hooking uses modifications to a process\u2019s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. (Citation: Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T874", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0874" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (n.d.). Hooking. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "EAttack Hooking", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179/" }, { "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "source_name": "Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security%20response/whitepapers/w32%20stuxnet%20dossier.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Windows registry", "API monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may seek to capture process image values related to the inputs and outputs of a PLC. Within a PLC all input and output states are stored into an I/O image. This image is used by the user program instead of directly interacting with physical I/O. (Citation: PLC-Blaster 2)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T877", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0877" }, { "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf. (2016). PLC-Blaster. Retrieved June 6, 2019.", "source_name": "PLC-Blaster 2", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Controller program" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--53a48c74-0025-45f4-b04a-baa853df8204" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "I/O Module Discovery", "description": "Adversaries may use input/output (I/O) module discovery to gather key information about a control system device. An I/O module is a device that allows the control system device to either receive or send signals to other devices. These signals can be analog or digital, and may support a number of different protocols. Devices are often able to use attachable I/O modules to increase the number of inputs and outputs that it can utilize. An adversary with access to a device can use native device functions to enumerate I/O modules that are connected to the device. Information regarding the I/O modules can aid the adversary in understanding related control processes.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T824", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0824" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Windows registry", "Process monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "Binary file metadata" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e2994b6a-122b-4043-b654-7411c5198ec0" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Indicator Removal on Host", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to remove indicators of their presence on a system in an effort to cover their tracks. In cases where an adversary may feel detection is imminent, they may try to overwrite, delete, or cover up changes they have made to the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T872", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0872" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Process monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "API monitoring", "Windows event logs" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Internet Accessible Device", "description": "Adversaries may gain access into industrial environments directly through systems exposed to the internet for remote access rather than through External Remote Services. Minimal protections provided by these devices such as password authentication may be targeted and compromised. (Citation: Bowman Dam - ICS-CERT)\n\nIn the case of the Bowman dam incident, adversaries leveraged access to the dam control network through a cellular modem. Access to the device was protected by password authentication, although the application was vulnerable to brute forcing. (Citation: Bowman Dam - wall street journal) (Citation: Bowman Dam - Times) (Citation: Bowman Dam - ICS-CERT)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T883", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0883" }, { "description": "NCCIC. (2014, January 1). Internet Accessible Control Systems At Risk. Retrieved November 7, 2019.", "source_name": "Bowman Dam - ICS-CERT", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/Monitors/ICS-CERT%20Monitor%20Jan-April2014.pdf" }, { "description": "Danny Yadron. (2015, December 20). Iranian Hackers Infiltrated New York Dam in 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2019.", "source_name": "Bowman Dam - wall street journal", "url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/iranian-hackers-infiltrated-new-york-dam-in-2013-1450662559" }, { "description": "Mark Thompson. (2016, March 24). Iranian Cyber Attack on New York Dam Shows Future of War. Retrieved November 7, 2019.", "source_name": "Bowman Dam - Times", "url": "https://time.com/4270728/iran-cyber-attack-dam-fbi/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Authentication logs" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Location Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform location identification using device data to inform operations and targeted impact for attacks. Location identification data can come in a number of forms, including geographic location, location relative to other control system devices, time zone, and current time. An adversary may use an embedded global positioning system (GPS) module in a device to figure out the physical coordinates of a device. NIST SP800-82 recommends that devices utilize GPS or another location determining mechanism to attach appropriate timestamps to log entries (Citation: Guidance - NIST SP800-82). While this assists in logging and event tracking, an adversary could use the underlying positioning mechanism to determine the general location of a device. An adversary can also infer the physical location of serially connected devices by using serial connection enumeration. \n\nAn adversary attempt to attack and cause Impact could potentially affect other control system devices in close proximity. Device local-time and time-zone settings can also provide adversaries a rough indicator of device location, when specific geographic identifiers cannot be determined from the system.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T825", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0825" }, { "description": "Keith Stouffer. (2015, May). Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security. Retrieved March 28, 2018.", "source_name": "Guidance - NIST SP800-82", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Loss of Availability", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to disrupt essential components or systems to prevent owner and operator from delivering products or services. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT) \n\nAdversaries may leverage malware to delete or encrypt critical data on HMIs, workstations, or databases.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T826", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0826" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Loss of Control", "description": "Adversaries may seek to achieve a sustained loss of control or a runaway condition in which operators cannot issue any commands even if the malicious interference has subsided. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT)\n\nContributors: Dragos Threat Intelligence", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T827", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0827" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Dragos Threat Intelligence" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Loss of Productivity and Revenue", "description": "Adversaries may cause loss of productivity and revenue through disruption and even damage to the availability and integrity of control system operations, devices, and related processes. This technique may manifest as a direct effect of an ICS-targeting attack or tangentially, due to an IT-targeting attack against non-segregated environments. In some cases, this may result from the postponement and disruption of ICS operations and production as part of a remediation effort. Operations may be brought to a halt and effectively stopped in an effort to contain and properly remove malware or due to the Loss of Safety.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T828", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0828" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--63b6942d-8359-4506-bfb3-cf87aa8120ee" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Loss of Safety", "description": "Adversaries may cause loss of safety whether on purpose or as a consequence of actions taken to accomplish an operation. The loss of safety can describe a physical impact and threat, or the potential for unsafe conditions and activity in terms of control systems environments, devices, or processes. For instance, an adversary may issue commands or influence and possibly inhibit safety mechanisms that allow the injury of and possible loss of life. This can also encompass scenarios resulting in the failure of a safety mechanism or control, that may lead to unsafe and dangerous execution and outcomes of physical processes and related systems. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT)\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill in its 2014 IT Security Report. (Citation: German Steel Mill - German Federal Office for Information Security - 2014) These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact resulted in damage and unsafe conditions from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace. \n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12) (Citation: LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02) (Citation: LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. As a consequence, four trams were derailed and twelve people injured due to resulting emergency stops. (Citation: LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02) The track controlling commands issued may have also resulted in tram collisions, a further risk to those on board and nearby the areas of impact. (Citation: LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T880", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0880" }, { "description": "John Bill. (2017, May 12). Hacked Cyber Security Railways. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/" }, { "description": "Shelley Smith. (2008, February 12). Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen%20hacker%20in%20poland%20plays%20tr/" }, { "description": "Bruce Schneier. (2008, January 17). Hacking Polish Trams. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking%20the%20pol.html" }, { "description": "Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security). (2014). Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany). Retrieved October 30, 2019.", "source_name": "German Steel Mill - German Federal Office for Information Security - 2014", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?%20blob=publicationFile&v=3" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--5fa00fdd-4a55-4191-94a0-564181d7fec2" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Loss of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a sustained or permanent loss of view where the ICS equipment will require local, hands-on operator intervention; for instance, a restart or manual operation. By causing a sustained reporting or visibility loss, the adversary can effectively hide the present state of operations. This loss of view can occur without affecting the physical processes themselves. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T829", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0829" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Man in the Middle", "description": "Adversaries with privileged network access may seek to modify network traffic in real time using man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201710) This type of attack allows the adversary to intercept traffic to and/or from a particular device on the network. If a MITM attack is established, then the adversary has the ability to block, log, modify, or inject traffic into the communication stream. There are several ways to accomplish this attack, but some of the most-common are Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning and the use of a proxy. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA) \n\t\t\t\nA MITM attack may allow an adversary to perform the following attacks:\n \nBlock Reporting Message, Spoof Reporting Message, Modify Parameter, Unauthorized Command Message", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T830", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0830" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Gabriel Sanchez. (2017, October). Man-In-The-Middle Attack Against Modbus TCP Illustrated with Wireshark. Retrieved January 5, 2020.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201710", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/man-in-the-middle-attack-modbus-tcp-illustrated-wireshark-38095" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network device logs", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Packet capture" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Conrad Layne - GE Digital" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Manipulate I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate the I/O image of PLCs through various means to prevent them from functioning as expected. Methods of I/O image manipulation may include overriding the I/O table via direct memory manipulation or using the override function used for testing PLC programs. (Citation: Guidance - ISA PLC) \n\nDuring the PLC scan cycle, the state of the actual physical inputs is copied to a portion of the PLC memory, commonly called the input image table. When the program is scanned, it examines the input image table to read the state of a physical input. \n\nWhen the logic determines the state of a physical output, it writes to a portion of the PLC memory commonly called the output image table. The output image may also be examined during the program scan. To update the physical outputs, the output image table contents are copied to the physical outputs after the program is scanned.\n\nOne of the unique characteristics of PLCs is their ability to override the status of a physical discrete input or to override the logic driving a physical output coil and force the output to a desired status.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T835", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0835" }, { "description": "Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson. (2010, December). Programmable logic controller hardware. Retrieved March 29, 2018.", "source_name": "Guidance - ISA PLC", "url": "https://www.isa.org/standards-and-publications/isa-publications/intech/2010/december/programmable-logic-controller-hardware/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Controller program", "Process monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Manipulation of Control", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate physical process control within the industrial environment. Methods of manipulating control can include changes to set point values, tags, or other parameters. Adversaries may manipulate control systems devices or possibly leverage their own, to communicate with and command physical control processes. The duration of manipulation may be temporary or longer sustained, depending on operator detection. \n\nMethods of Manipulation of Control include:\n* Man-in-the-middle \n* Spoof command message\n* Changing setpoints", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T831", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0831" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Manipulation of View", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the information reported back to operators or controllers. This manipulation may be short term or sustained. During this time the process itself could be in a much different state than what is reported. (Citation: Reference - Corero) (Citation: Reference - SANS - 201510) (Citation: Reference - RIoT) \n\nOperators may be fooled into doing something that is harmful to the system in a loss of view situation. With a manipulated view into the systems, operators may issue inappropriate control sequences that introduce faults or catastrophic failures into the system. Business analysis systems can also be provided with inaccurate data leading to bad management decisions.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T832", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0832" }, { "description": "Corero. (n.d.). Industrial Control System (ICS) Security. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - Corero", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns%20whitepaper%20ics.pdf" }, { "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee. (n.d.). The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - SANS - 201510", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297" }, { "description": "Tyson Macaulay. (n.d.). RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", "source_name": "Reference - RIoT" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Masquerading", "description": "Adversaries may use masquerading to disguise a malicious application or executable as another file, to avoid operator and engineer suspicion. Possible disguises of these masquerading files can include commonly found programs, expected vendor executables and configuration files, and other commonplace application and naming conventions. By impersonating expected and vendor-relevant files and applications, operators and engineers may not notice the presence of the underlying malicious content and possibly end up running those masquerading as legitimate functions. \n\nApplications and other files commonly found on Windows systems or in engineering workstations have been impersonated before. This can be as simple as renaming a file to effectively disguise it in the ICS environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T849", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0849" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File Monitoring", "Process monitoring", "Binary file metadata" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Modify Alarm Settings", "description": "Adversaries may modify alarm settings to prevent alerts that may inform operators of their presence or to prevent responses to dangerous and unintended scenarios. Reporting messages are a standard part of data acquisition in control systems. Reporting messages are used as a way to transmit system state information and acknowledgements that specific actions have occurred. These messages provide vital information for the management of a physical process, and keep operators, engineers, and administrators aware of the state of system devices and physical processes.\n\nIf an adversary is able to change the reporting settings, certain events could be prevented from being reported. This type of modification can also prevent operators or devices from performing actions to keep the system in a safe state. If critical reporting messages cannot trigger these actions then a Impact could occur.\n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to use Alarm Suppression or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. (Citation: References - Secura - 2019) Methods of suppression often rely on modification of alarm settings, such as modifying in memory code to fixed values or tampering with assembly level instruction code. \n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, the adversary disabled alarms at four pumping stations. This caused alarms to not be reported to the central computer. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T838", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0838" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" }, { "description": "Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil. (2019). A Diet of Poisoned Fruit: Designing Implants & OT Payloads for ICS Embedded Devices. Retrieved November 1, 2019.", "source_name": "References - Secura - 2019", "url": "https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19%20NGI%20IoT%20diet%20poisoned%20fruit.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Controller parameters", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Modify Control Logic", "description": "Adversaries may place malicious code in a system, which can cause the system to malfunction by modifying its control logic. Control system devices use programming languages (e.g. relay ladder logic) to control physical processes by affecting actuators, which cause machines to operate, based on environment sensor readings. These devices often include the ability to perform remote control logic updates. \n\nProgram code is normally edited in a vendor-specific Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that relies on proprietary tools and features. These IDEs allow an engineer to perform host target development and may have the ability to run the code on the machine it is programmed for. The IDE will transmit the control logic to the testing device, and will perform the required device-specific functions to apply the changes and make them active.\n\nAn adversary may attempt to use this host target IDE to modify device control logic. Even though proprietary tools are often used to edit and update control logic, the process can usually be reverse-engineered and reproduced with open-source tools.\n\nAn adversary can de-calibrate a sensor by removing functions in control logic that account for sensor error. This can be used to change a control process without actually spoofing command messages to a controller or device. \n\nIt is believed this process happened in the lesser known over-pressurizer attacks build into Stuxnet. Pressure sensors are not perfect at translating pressure into an analog output signal, but their errors can be corrected by calibration. The pressure controller can be told what the \u201creal\u201d pressure is for given analog signals and then automatically linearize the measurement to what would be the \u201creal\u201d pressure. If the linearization is overwritten by malicious code on the S7-417 controller, analog pressure readings will be \u201ccorrected\u201d during the attack by the pressure controller, which then interprets all analog pressure readings as perfectly normal pressure no matter how high or low their analog values are. The pressure controller then acts accordingly by never opening the stage exhaust valves. In the meantime, actual pressure keeps rising. (Citation: Stuxnet - Langner - 201311)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden gained remote computer access to the control system and altered data so that whatever function should have occurred at affected pumping stations did not occur or occurred in a different way. The software program installed in the laptop was one developed by Hunter Watertech for its use in changing configurations in the PDS computers. This ultimately led to 800,000 liters of raw sewage being spilled out into the community. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T833", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0833" }, { "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Stuxnet - Langner - 201311", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Controller program", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e0d74479-86d2-465d-bf36-903ebecef43e" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Modify Parameter", "description": "Adversaries may modify parameters used to instruct industrial control system devices. These devices operate via programs that dictate how and when to perform actions based on such parameters. Such parameters can determine the extent to which an action is performed and may specify additional options. For example, a program on a control system device dictating motor processes may take a parameter defining the total number of seconds to run that motor. \n\nAn adversary can potentially modify these parameters to produce an outcome outside of what was intended by the operators. By modifying system and process critical parameters, the adversary may cause Impact to equipment and/or control processes. Modified parameters may be turned into dangerous, out-of-bounds, or unexpected values from typical operations. For example, specifying that a process run for more or less time than it should, or dictating an unusually high, low, or invalid value as a parameter. \n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden gained remote computer access to the control system and altered data so that whatever function should have occurred at affected pumping stations did not occur or occurred in a different way. The software program installed in the laptop was one developed by Hunter Watertech for its use in changing configurations in the PDS computers. This ultimately led to 800,000 liters of raw sewage being spilled out into the community. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T836", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0836" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture", "Application logs" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Module Firmware", "description": "Adversaries may install malicious or vulnerable firmware onto modular hardware devices. Control system devices often contain modular hardware devices. These devices may have their own set of firmware that is separate from the firmware of the main control system equipment. \n\nThis technique is similar to System Firmware, but is conducted on other system components that may not have the same capabilities or level of integrity checking. Although it results in a device re-image, malicious device firmware may provide persistent access to remaining devices. (Citation: References - Module Firmware)\n\nAn easy point of access for an adversary is the Ethernet card, which may have its own CPU, RAM, and operating system. The adversary may attack and likely exploit the computer on an Ethernet card. Exploitation of the Ethernet card computer may enable the adversary to accomplish additional attacks, such as the following: (Citation: References - Module Firmware)\n\n*Delayed Attack - The adversary may stage an attack in advance and choose when to launch it, such as at a particularly damaging time.\n\n*Brick the Ethernet Card - Malicious firmware may be programmed to result in an Ethernet card failure, requiring a factory return.\n\n*\"Random\" Attack or Failure - The adversary may load malicious firmware onto multiple field devices. Execution of an attack and the time it occurs is generated by a pseudo-random number generator. \n\n*A Field Device Worm - The adversary may choose to identify all field devices of the same model, with the end goal of performing a device-wide compromise.\n\n*Attack Other Cards on the Field Device - Although it is not the most important module in a field device, the Ethernet card is most accessible to the adversary and malware. Compromise of the Ethernet card may provide a more direct route to compromising other modules, such as the CPU module.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T839", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0839" }, { "description": "Daniel Peck, Dale Peterson. (2009, January 28). Leveraging Ethernet Card Vulnerabilities in Field Devices. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", "source_name": "References - Module Firmware", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228849043%20Leveraging%20ethernet%20card%20vulnerabilities%20in%20field%20devices" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture", "Digital signatures" ], "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ "SYSTEM" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Monitor Process State", "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the physical process state. This information may be used to gain more information about the process itself or used as a trigger for malicious actions. The sources of process state information may vary such as, OPC tags, historian data, specific PLC block information, or network traffic.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T801", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0801" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Controller program", "Network device logs", "Process monitoring", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Host network interfaces" ], "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ "Administrator" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Network Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform network connection enumeration to discover information about device communication patterns. If an adversary can inspect the state of a network connection with tools, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat netstat], in conjunction with System Firmware, then they can determine the role of certain devices on the network (Citation: EAttack System Network Connections Discovery). The adversary can also use Network Sniffing to watch network traffic for details about the source, destination, protocol, and content.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T840", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0840" }, { "description": "MITRE. (n.d.). System Network Connections Discovery. Retrieved May 31, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack System Network Connections Discovery", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1049" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process monitoring", "API monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Network Service Scanning", "description": "Network Service Scanning is the process of discovering services on networked systems. This can be achieved through a technique called port scanning or probing. Port scanning interacts with the TCP/IP ports on a target system to determine whether ports are open, closed, or filtered by a firewall. This does not reveal the service that is running behind the port, but since many common services are run on [https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml specific port numbers], the type of service can be assumed. More in-depth testing includes interaction with the actual service to determine the service type and specific version. One of the most-popular tools to use for Network Service Scanning is [https://nmap.org/ Nmap].\n\nAn adversary may attempt to gain information about a target device and its role on the network via Network Service Scanning techniques, such as port scanning. Network Service Scanning is useful for determining potential vulnerabilities in services on target devices. Network Service Scanning is closely tied to .\n\nScanning ports can be noisy on a network. In some attacks, adversaries probe for specific ports using custom tools. This was specifically seen in the Triton and PLC-Blaster attacks.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T841", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0841" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Network Sniffing", "description": "Network sniffing is the practice of using a network interface on a computer system to monitor or capture information (Citation: EAttack Network Sniffing) regardless of whether it is the specified destination for the information. \n\nAn adversary may attempt to sniff the traffic to gain information about the target. This information can vary in the level of importance. Relatively unimportant information is general communications to and from machines. Relatively important information would be login information. User credentials may be sent over an unencrypted protocol, such as [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc854 Telnet], that can be captured and obtained through network packet analysis. Network sniffing can be a way to discover information for Control Device Identification. \n\nIn addition, ARP and Domain Name Service (DNS) poisoning can be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.\n\nDetection: Detecting the events leading up to sniffing network traffic may be the best method of detection. From the host level, an adversary would likely need to perform a man-in-the-middle attack against other devices on a wired network in order to capture traffic that was not to or from the current compromised system. This change in the flow of information is detectable at the enclave network level. Monitor for ARP spoofing and gratuitous ARP broadcasts. Detecting compromised network devices is a bit more challenging. Auditing administrator logins, configuration changes, and device images is required to detect malicious changes.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T842", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0842" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). Network Sniffing. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack Network Sniffing", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1040" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network device logs", "Process monitoring", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Host network interfaces" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Point & Tag Identification", "description": "Adversaries may collect point and tag values to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the process environment. Points may be values such as inputs, memory locations, outputs or other process specific variables. (Citation: References - tags process comprehension) Tags are the identifiers given to points for operator convenience. \n\nCollecting such tags provides valuable context to environmental points and enables an adversary to map inputs, outputs, and other values to their control processes. Understanding the points being collected may inform an adversary on which processes and values to keep track of over the course of an operation.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Data Historian", "Control Server", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T861", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0861" }, { "description": "Benjamin Green. (n.d.). On the Significance of Process Comprehension for Conducting Targeted ICS Attacks. Retrieved November 1, 2019.", "source_name": "References - tags process comprehension", "url": "http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/files/196578358/sample%20sigconf.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture", "Netflow/Enclave netflow" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Jos Wetzels - Midnight Blue" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Program Download", "description": "Adversaries may perform a program download to load malicious or unintended program logic on a device as a method of persistence or to disrupt response functions or process control. Program download onto devices, such as PLCs, allows adversaries to implement custom logic. Malicious PLC programs may be used to disrupt physical processes or enable adversary persistence. The act of a program download will cause the PLC to enter a STOP operation state, which may prevent response functions from operating correctly.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T843", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0843" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Controller program", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Joe Slowik - Dragos" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Program Organization Units", "description": "Program Organizational Units (POUs) are block structures used within PLC programming to create programs and projects. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) POUs can be used to hold user programs written in IEC 61131-3 languages: Structured text, Instruction list, Function block, and Ladder logic. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) Application - 201203 They can also provide additional functionality, such as establishing connections between the PLC and other devices using TCON. (Citation: PLCBlaster - Spenneberg)\n \nStuxnet uses a simple code-prepending infection technique to infect Organization Blocks (OB). For example, the following sequence of actions is performed when OB1 is infected (Citation: Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102):\n*Increase the size of the original block.\n*Write malicious code to the beginning of the block.\n*Insert the original OB1 code after the malicious code.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T844", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0844" }, { "description": "John Karl-Heinz. (n.d.). Programming Industrial Automation Systems. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "source_name": "Guidance - IEC61131", "url": "http://www.dee.ufrj.br/controle%20automatico/cursos/IEC61131-3%20Programming%20Industrial%20Automation%20Systems.pdf" }, { "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Br\u00fcggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "source_name": "PLCBlaster - Spenneberg", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" }, { "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "source_name": "Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security%20response/whitepapers/w32%20stuxnet%20dossier.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Program Upload", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to upload a program from a PLC to gather information about an industrial process. Uploading a program may allow them to acquire and study the underlying logic. Methods of program upload include vendor software, which enables the user to upload and read a program running on a PLC. This software can be used to upload the target program to a workstation, jump box, or an interfacing device.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T845", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0845" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Controller program", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Project File Infection", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to infect project files with malicious code. These project files may consist of objects, program organization units, variables such as tags, documentation, and other configurations needed for PLC programs to function. (Citation: References - beckhoff project files) Using built in functions of the engineering software, adversaries may be able to download an infected program to a PLC in the operating environment enabling further execution and persistence techniques. (Citation: References - plcdev siemens)\n\nAdversaries may export their own code into project files with conditions to execute at specific intervals. (Citation: Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102) Malicious programs allow adversaries control of all aspects of the process enabled by the PLC. Once the project file is downloaded to a PLC the workstation device may be disconnected with the infected project file still executing. (Citation: References - plcdev siemens)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T873", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0873" }, { "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "source_name": "Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security%20response/whitepapers/w32%20stuxnet%20dossier.pdf" }, { "description": "Beckhoff. (n.d.). TwinCAT 3 Source Control: Project Files. Retrieved November 21, 2019.", "source_name": "References - beckhoff project files", "url": "https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tc3%20sourcecontrol/18014398915785483.html&id=" }, { "description": "PLCdev. (n.d.). Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook. Retrieved November 21, 2019.", "source_name": "References - plcdev siemens", "url": "http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Digital signatures" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Remote File Copy", "description": "Adversaries may copy files from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. (Citation: EAttack Remote File Copy) Copying of files may also be performed laterally between internal victim systems to support Lateral Movement with remote Execution using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over SMB to connected network shares. (Citation: EAttack Remote File Copy)\n\nIn control systems environments, malware may use SMB and other file sharing protocols to move laterally through industrial networks.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T867", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0867" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (n.d.). Remote File Copy. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "EAttack Remote File Copy", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Packet capture", "Process use of network", "Process monitoring", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Network protocol analysis" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Remote System Discovery", "description": "Remote System Discovery is the process of identifying the presence of hosts on a network (Citation: EAttack Remote System Discovery), and details about them. This process is common to network administrators validating the presence of machines and services, as well as adversaries mapping out a network for future-attack targets. An adversary may attempt to gain information about the target network via network enumeration techniques such as port scanning. One of the most popular tools for enumeration is [https://nmap.org/ Nmap]. Remote System Discovery allows adversaries to map out hosts on the network as well as the TCP/IP ports that are open, closed, or filtered. Remote System Discovery tools also aid in by attempting to connect to the service and determine its exact version. The adversary may use this information to pick an exploit for a particular version if a known vulnerability exists.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T846", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0846" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). Remote System Discovery. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack Remote System Discovery", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1018" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process monitoring", "Process use of network", "Process command-line parameters", "Network protocol analysis" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Replication Through Removable Media", "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible. \n\nOperators of the German nuclear power plant, Gundremmingen, discovered malware on a facility computer not connected to the internet. (Citation: KGG-Company-Site) (Citation: KGG-Trend Micro) The malware included Conficker and W32.Ramnit, which were also found on eighteen removable disk drives in the facility. (Citation: KGG-Reuters) (Citation: KGG-Softpedia) (Citation: KGG-Science-Alert) (Citation: KGG-Geek) (Citation: KGG-Ars) (Citation: KGG-Dark) The plant has since checked for infection and cleaned up more than 1,000 computers. (Citation: KGG-BBC) An ESET researcher commented that internet disconnection does not guarantee system safety from infection or payload execution. (Citation: KGG-ESET)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Data Historian", "Control Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T847", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0847" }, { "description": "Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen. (2016, April 25). Detektion von B\u00fcro-Schadsoftware an mehreren Rechnern. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Company-Site", "url": "https://www.kkw-gundremmingen.de/presse.php?id=571" }, { "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2016, April 26). Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Softpedia", "url": "https://news.softpedia.com/news/on-chernobyl-s-30th-anniversary-malware-shuts-down-german-nuclear-power-plant-503429.shtml" }, { "description": "Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard. (2016, April 26). German nuclear plant infected with computer viruses, operator says. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Reuters", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclearpower-cyber-germany/german-nuclear-plant-infected-with-computer-viruses-operator-says-idUSKCN0XN2OS" }, { "description": "Peter Dockrill. (2016, April 28). Multiple Computer Viruses Have Been Discovered in This German Nuclear Plant. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Science-Alert", "url": "https://www.sciencealert.com/multiple-computer-viruses-have-been-discovered-in-this-german-nuclear-plant" }, { "description": "ESET. (2016, April 28). Malware found at a German nuclear power plant. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-ESET", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/04/28/malware-found-german-nuclear-power-plant/" }, { "description": "Lee Mathews. (2016, April 27). German nuclear plant found riddled with Conficker, other viruses. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Geek", "url": "https://www.geek.com/apps/german-nuclear-plant-found-riddled-with-conficker-other-viruses-1653415/" }, { "description": "Trend Micro. (2016, April 27). Malware Discovered in German Nuclear Power Plant. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Trend Micro", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cyber-attacks/malware-discovered-in-german-nuclear-power-plant" }, { "description": "BBC. (2016, April 28). German nuclear plant hit by computer viruses. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-BBC", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36158606" }, { "description": "Sean Gallagher. (2016, April 27). German nuclear plant\u2019s fuel rod system swarming with old malware. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Ars", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/04/german-nuclear-plants-fuel-rod-system-swarming-with-old-malware/" }, { "description": "Dark Reading Staff. (2016, April 28). German Nuclear Power Plant Infected With Malware. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "KGG-Dark", "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/endpoint/german-nuclear-power-plant-infected-with-malware/d/d-id/1325298" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Data loss prevention" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Rogue Master Device", "description": "Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with slave devices. A rogue master device can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master device. Impersonating a master device may also allow an adversary to avoid detection. \n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden falsified network addresses in order to send false data and instructions to pumping stations. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)\n\nDetection: Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T848", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0848" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Sequential event recorder", "Asset management", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ "User" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Role Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform role identification of devices involved with physical processes of interest in a target control system. Control systems devices often work in concert to control a physical process. Each device can have one or more roles that it performs within that control process. By collecting this role-based data, an adversary can construct a more targeted attack.\n\nFor example, a power generation plant may have unique devices such as one that monitors power output of a generator and another that controls the speed of a turbine. Examining devices roles allows the adversary to observe how the two devices work together to monitor and control a physical process. Understanding the role of a target device can inform the adversary's decision on what action to take, in order to cause Impact and influence or disrupt the integrity of operations. Furthermore, an adversary may be able to capture control system protocol traffic. By studying this traffic, the adversary may be able to determine which devices are outstations, and which are masters. Understanding of master devices and their role within control processes can enable the use of Rogue Master Device", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T850", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0850" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Rootkit", "description": "Adversaries may deploy rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting and modifying operating-system API calls that supply system information. Rootkits or rootkit-enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system, or lower. (Citation: EAttack Rootkit) \n\nFirmware rootkits that affect the operating system yield nearly full control of the system. While firmware rootkits are normally developed for the main processing board, they can also be developed for I/O that can be attached to the asset. Compromise of this firmware allows the modification of all of the process variables and functions the module engages in. This may result in commands being disregarded and false information being fed to the main device. By tampering with device processes, an adversary may inhibit its expected response functions and possibly enable Impact.\n\nDetection: Some rootkit protections may be built into anti-virus or operating system software. There are dedicated rootkit detection tools that look for specific types of rootkit behavior. Monitor for the existence of unrecognized DLLs, devices, services, and changes to the MBR.Reference - Rootkit", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T851", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0851" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2018, January 11). Rootkit. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", "source_name": "EAttack Rootkit", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1014" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Controller program" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Screen Capture", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to perform screen capture of devices in the control system environment. Screenshots may be taken of workstations, HMIs, or other devices that display environment-relevant process, device, reporting, alarm, or related data. These device displays may reveal information regarding the ICS process, layout, control, and related schematics. In particular, an HMI can provide a lot of important industrial process information. (Citation: Alert - Russian APT TA18-074A - 201803) Analysis of screen captures may provide the adversary with an understanding of intended operations and interactions between critical devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T852", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0852" }, { "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "source_name": "Alert - Russian APT TA18-074A - 201803", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "API monitoring", "Process monitoring", "File monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Scripting", "description": "Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions. \n\nIn addition to being a useful tool for developers and administrators, scripting language interpreters may be abused by the adversary to execute code in the target environment. Due to the nature of scripting languages, this allows for weaponized code to be deployed to a target easily, and leaves open the possibility of on-the-fly scripting to perform a task.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T853", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0853" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Process command-line parameters", "Process monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Serial Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform serial connection enumeration to gather situational awareness after gaining access to devices in the OT network. Control systems devices often communicate to each other via various types of serial communication mediums. These serial communications are used to facilitate informational communication, as well as commands. Serial Connection Enumeration differs from I/O Module Discovery, as I/O modules are auxiliary systems to the main system, and devices that are connected via serial connection are normally discrete systems.\n\nWhile IT and OT networks may work in tandem, the exact structure of the OT network may not be discernible from the IT network alone. After gaining access to a device on the OT network, an adversary may be able to enumerate the serial connections. From this perspective, the adversary can see the specific physical devices to which the compromised device is connected to. This gives the adversary greater situational awareness and can influence the actions that the adversary can take in an attack.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Input/Output Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T854", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0854" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--5f3da2f3-91c8-4d8b-a02f-bf43a11def55" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Service Stop", "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. (Citation: EAttack Service Stop)\n\nServices may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction. (Citation: EAttack Service Stop)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T881", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0881" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (n.d.). Service Stop. Retrieved October 29, 2019.", "source_name": "EAttack Service Stop", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process command-line parameters", "Process monitoring", "API monitoring", "Windows Registry" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", "description": "Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access. (Citation: EAttack Spearphishing Attachment)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T865", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0865" }, { "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK. (2019, October 25). Spearphishing Attachment. Retrieved October 25, 2019.", "source_name": "EAttack Spearphishing Attachment", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193/" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "File monitoring", "Packet capture", "Network intrusion detection system", "Detonation chamber", "Email gateway", "Mail server" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Spoof Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control systems environments to achieve evasion and assist with impairment of process controls. Reporting messages are used in control systems so that operators and network defenders can understand the status of the network. Reporting messages show the status of devices and any important events that the devices control. \n\nIf an adversary has the ability to Spoof Reporting Messages, then they can impact the network in many ways. The adversary can Spoof Reporting Messages that state that the device is in normal working condition, as a form of evasion. The adversary could also Spoof Reporting Messages to make the defenders and operators think that other errors were occurring, to distract them from the actual source of the problem. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, the adversary used a dedicated analog two-way radio system to send false data and instructions to pumping stations and the central computer. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T856", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0856" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm History", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Standard Application Layer Protocol", "description": "Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port.\n\nAdversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Engineering Workstation" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T869", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0869" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Process use of network", "Malware reverse engineering", "Process monitoring", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may perform supply chain compromise to gain control systems environment access by means of infected products, software, and workflows. Supply chain compromise is the manipulation of products, such as devices or software, or their delivery mechanisms before receipt by the end consumer. Adversary compromise of these products and mechanisms is done for the goal of data or system compromise, once infected products are introduced to the target environment. \n\nSupply chain compromise can occur at all stages of the supply chain, from manipulation of development tools and environments to manipulation of developed products and tools distribution mechanisms. This may involve the compromise and replacement of legitimate software and patches, such as on third party or vendor websites. Targeting of supply chain compromise can be done in attempts to infiltrate the environments of a specific audience. In control systems environments with assets in both the IT and OT networks, it is possible a supply chain compromise affecting the IT environment could enable further access to the OT environment. \n\nF-Secure Labs analyzed the approach the adversary used to compromise victim systems with Havex. (Citation: (Citation: Havex - F-Secure) - 201406) The adversary planted trojanized software installers available on legitimate ICS/SCADA vendor websites. After being downloaded, this software infected the host computer with a Remote Access Trojan (RAT).", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T862", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0862" }, { "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, June 23). Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems. Retrieved October 21, 2019.", "source_name": "Havex - F-Secure - 201406", "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002718.html" }, { "description": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen. (2014, June 23). Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", "source_name": "Havex - F-Secure", "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002718.html" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Web proxy", "File monitoring", "Detonation chamber", "Digital signatures" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "System Firmware", "description": "System firmware on modern assets is often designed with an update feature. Older device firmware may be factory installed and require special reprograming equipment. When available, the firmware update feature enables vendors to remotely patch bugs and perform upgrades. Device firmware updates are often delegated to the user and may be done using a software update package. It may also be possible to perform this task over the network.\n\nAn adversary may exploit the firmware update feature on accessible devices to upload malicious or out-of-date firmware. Malicious modification of device firmware may provide an adversary with root access to a device, given firmware is one of the lowest programming abstraction layers. (Citation: Research - Firmware Modification)\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, the adversaries gained access to the control networks of three different energy companies. The adversaries developed malicious firmware for the serial-to-ethernet devices which rendered them inoperable and severed connections between the control center and the substation. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Input/Output Server" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T857", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0857" }, { "description": "Basnight, Zachry, et al.. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2017.", "source_name": "Research - Firmware Modification", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874548213000231" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Theft of Operational Information", "description": "Adversaries may steal operational information on a production environment as a direct mission outcome for personal gain or to inform future operations. This information may include design documents, schedules, rotational data, or similar artifacts that provide insight on operations. \n\nIn the Bowman Dam incident, adversaries probed systems for operational data. (Citation: Bowman Dam - Times) (Citation: Bowman Dam - wall street journal)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T882", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0882" }, { "description": "Mark Thompson. (2016, March 24). Iranian Cyber Attack on New York Dam Shows Future of War. Retrieved November 7, 2019.", "source_name": "Bowman Dam - Times", "url": "https://time.com/4270728/iran-cyber-attack-dam-fbi/" }, { "description": "Danny Yadron. (2015, December 20). Iranian Hackers Infiltrated New York Dam in 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2019.", "source_name": "Bowman Dam - wall street journal", "url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/iranian-hackers-infiltrated-new-york-dam-in-2013-1450662559" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Unauthorized Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may send unauthorized command messages to instruct control systems devices to perform actions outside their expected functionality for process control. Command messages are used in ICS networks to give direct instructions to control systems devices. If an adversary can send an unauthorized command message to a control system, then it can instruct the control systems device to perform an action outside the normal bounds of the device's actions. An adversary could potentially instruct a control systems device to perform an action that will cause an Impact. (Citation: Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, the adversary used a dedicated analog two-way radio system to send false data and instructions to pumping stations and the central computer. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, the adversaries gained access to the control networks of three different energy companies. The adversaries used valid credentials to seize control of operator workstations and access a distribution management system (DMS) client application via a VPN. The adversaries used these tools to issue unauthorized commands to breakers at substations which caused a loss of power to over 225,000 customers over various areas. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T855", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0855" }, { "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry. (2011). A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "source_name": "Research - Research - Taxonomy Cyber Attacks on SCADA", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Sequential event recorder", "Netflow/Enclave netflow", "Packet capture", "Network protocol analysis" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "User Execution", "description": "Adversaries may rely on a targeted organizations\u2019 user interaction for the execution of malicious code. User interaction may consist of installing applications, opening email attachments, or granting higher permissions to documents. \n\nAdversaries may embed malicious code or visual basic code into files such as Microsoft Word and Excel documents or software installers. (Citation: BlackEnergy - Booz Allen Hamilton) Execution of this code requires that the user enable scripting or write access within the document. Embedded code may not always be noticeable to the user especially in cases of trojanized software. (Citation: Havex - F-Secure)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Engineering Workstation", "Human-Machine Interface" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T863", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0863" }, { "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton. (n.d.). When The Lights Went Out. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "source_name": "BlackEnergy - Booz Allen Hamilton", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf" }, { "description": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen. (2014, June 23). Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", "source_name": "Havex - F-Secure", "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002718.html" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Anti-virus", "Process command-line parameters", "Process monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Utilize/Change Operating Mode", "description": "Adversaries may place controllers into an alternate mode of operation to enable configuration setting changes for evasive code execution or to inhibit device functionality. Programmable controllers typically have several modes of operation. These modes can be broken down into three main categories: program run, program edit, and program write. Each of these modes puts the device in a state in which certain functions are available. For instance, the program edit mode allows alterations to be made to the user program while the device is still online.\n\t\t\t\nBy driving a device into an alternate mode of operation, an adversary has the ability to change configuration settings in such a way to cause a Impact to equipment and/or industrial process associated with the targeted device. An adversary may also use this alternate mode to execute arbitrary code which could be used to evade defenses.", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T858", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0858" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Alarm history", "Sequential event recorder", "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Valid Accounts", "description": "Adversaries may steal the credentials of a specific user or service account using credential access techniques. In some cases, default credentials for control system devices may be publicly available. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on hosts and within the network, and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems. Compromised and default credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems and devices or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools, in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide, to make it harder to detect their presence or to control devices and send legitimate commands in an unintended way. \n\t\t\t\nAdversaries may also create accounts, sometimes using predefined account names and passwords, to provide a means of backup access for persistence. (Citation: BlackEnergy - Booz Allen Hamilton)\n\t\t\t\nThe overlap of credentials and permissions across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) and possibly between the enterprise and operational technology environments. Adversaries may be able to leverage valid credentials from one system to gain access to another system.\n\nIn the 2015 attack on the Ukranian power grid, the adversaries used valid credentials to interact directly with the client application of the distribution management system (DMS) server via a VPN and native remote access services to access employee workstations hosting HMI applications. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603) The adversaries caused outages at three different energy companies, causing loss of power to over 225,000 customers over various areas. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence-ics" }, { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Engineering Workstation", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Human-Machine Interface", "Input/Output Server", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T859", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0859" }, { "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "url": "https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC%20SANS%20Ukraine%20DUC%205.pdf" }, { "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton. (n.d.). When The Lights Went Out. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "source_name": "BlackEnergy - Booz Allen Hamilton", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Authentication logs", "Process monitoring" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101" }, { "type": "attack-pattern", "name": "Wireless Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may perform wireless compromise as a method of gaining communications and unauthorized access to a wireless network. Access to a wireless network may be gained through the compromise of a wireless device. (Citation: ICSCorsair - Bolshev) (Citation: Hart - Bolshev) Adversaries may also utilize radios and other wireless communication devices on the same frequency as the wireless network. Wireless compromise can be done as an initial access vector from a remote distance. \n\nA joint case study on the Maroochy Shire Water Services event examined the attack from a cyber security perspective. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808) The adversary disrupted Maroochy Shire's radio-controlled sewage system by driving around with stolen radio equipment and issuing commands with them. Boden used a two-way radio to communicate with and set the frequencies of Maroochy Shire's repeater stations. \n\nA Polish student used a modified TV remote controller to gain access to and control over the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12) (Citation: LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02) The remote controller device allowed the student to interface with the tram\u2019s network to modify track settings and override operator control. The adversary may have accomplished this by aligning the controller to the frequency and amplitude of IR control protocol signals. (Citation: LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01) The controller then enabled initial access to the network, allowing the capture and replay of tram signals. (Citation: LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12)", "kill_chain_phases": [ { "kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access-ics" } ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "external_references": [ { "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T860", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "T0860" }, { "description": "Alexander Bolshev. (2014, March 11). S4x14: HART As An Attack Vector. Retrieved January 5, 2020.", "source_name": "Hart - Bolshev", "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/dgpeters/17-bolshev-1-13" }, { "description": "Alexander Bolshev, Gleb Cherbov. (2014, July 08). ICSCorsair: How I will PWN your ERP through 4-20 mA current loop. Retrieved January 5, 2020.", "source_name": "ICSCorsair - Bolshev", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-14/materials/us-14-Bolshev-ICSCorsair-How-I-Will-PWN-Your-ERP-Through-4-20mA-Current-Loop-WP.pdf" }, { "description": "Shelley Smith. (2008, February 12). Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-InHomelandSecurity-2008-02", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen%20hacker%20in%20poland%20plays%20tr/" }, { "description": "John Bill. (2017, May 12). Hacked Cyber Security Railways. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-LondonReconnections-2017-12", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/" }, { "description": "Bruce Schneier. (2008, January 17). Hacking Polish Trams. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", "source_name": "LodzTram-Schneier-2008-01", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking%20the%20pol.html" }, { "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_data_sources": [ "Network protocol analysis", "Packet capture", "Network intrusion detection system" ], "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Scott Dougherty" ], "modified": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "id": "attack-pattern--2877063e-1851-48d2-bcc6-bc1d2733157e" }, { "id": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0801", "external_id": "M0801" }, { "description": "McCarthy, J et al.. (2018, July). NIST SP 1800-2 Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "NIST SP 1800-2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1800-2" }, { "description": "Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure. (2010, November). Configuring and Managing Remote Access for Industrial Control Systems. Retrieved September 25, 2020.", "source_name": "CPNI Nov 2010", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/RP_Managing_Remote_Access_S508NC.pdf" } ], "description": "Access Management technologies can be used to enforce authorization polices and decisions, especially when existing field devices do not provided capabilities to support user identification and authentication. (Citation: NIST SP 1800-2) These technologies typically utilize an in-line network device or gateway system to prevent access to unauthenticated users, while also integrating with an authentication service to first verify user credentials. (Citation: CPNI Nov 2010)", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Access Management" }, { "id": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036", "external_id": "M1036" } ], "description": "Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, etc.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-13T16:07:21.233Z", "name": "Account Use Policies" }, { "id": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T16:39:58.291Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1015", "external_id": "M1015" } ], "description": "Configure Active Directory to prevent use of certain techniques; use SID Filtering, etc.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-05-29T16:34:40.344Z", "name": "Active Directory Configuration" }, { "id": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:08:33.055Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049", "external_id": "M1049" } ], "description": "Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:07:15.684Z", "name": "Antivirus/Antimalware" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "MOB-M1013", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "M1013", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1013" } ], "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "name": "Application Developer Guidance", "created": "2017-10-25T14:48:53.732Z", "description": "This mitigation describes any guidance or training given to developers of applications to avoid introducing security weaknesses that an adversary may be able to take advantage of.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z" }, { "id": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:06:56.230Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1048", "external_id": "M1048" } ], "description": "Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:03.851Z", "name": "Application Isolation and Sandboxing" }, { "id": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:06:14.029Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047", "external_id": "M1047" } ], "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:45.966Z", "name": "Audit" }, { "id": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0800", "external_id": "M0800" }, { "description": "International Electrotechnical Commission. (2020, July 17). IEC 62351 - Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "IEC 62351", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6912" }, { "description": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (2014, January). 1686-2013 - IEEE Standard for Intelligent Electronic Devices Cyber Security Capabilities. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "IEEE 1686-2013", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/standard/1686-2013.html" } ], "description": "The device or system should restrict access to read, manipulate, or execute system objects to only authenticated users who require access based on approved security policies. Role-based Access Control (RBAC) schemes can help reduce the overhead of assigning permissions to the large number of devices within an ICS. For example, IEC 62351 provides examples of roles used to support common system operations within the electric power sector (Citation: IEC 62351), while IEEE 1686 provide sets of standard permissions for users of IEDs. (Citation: IEEE 1686-2013)", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Authorization Enforcement" }, { "id": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:02:36.984Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1046", "external_id": "M1046" } ], "description": "Use secure methods to boot a system and verify the integrity of the operating system and loading mechanisms.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-05-19T12:28:50.603Z", "name": "Boot Integrity" }, { "id": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:01:25.405Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1045", "external_id": "M1045" } ], "description": "Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-05-20T13:12:02.881Z", "name": "Code Signing" }, { "id": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0802", "external_id": "M0802" } ], "description": "When communicating over an untrusted network utilize secure network protocols that both authenticate the message sender and can verify its integrity, either through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, to prevent the transmission of spoofed network messages or unauthorized connections.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Communication Authenticity" }, { "id": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-07-19T14:33:33.543Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1053", "external_id": "M1053" } ], "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:28.201Z", "name": "Data Backup" }, { "id": "course-of-action--337c4e2a-21a7-4d9a-bfee-9efd6cebf0e5", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0803", "external_id": "M0803" } ], "description": "Data Loss Prevention (DLP) technologies can be used to help identify adversarial attempts to exfiltrate operational information, such as engineering plans, trade secrets, recipes, intellectual property, or process telemetry. DLP functionality may be built into other security products such as firewalls or stand alone suites running on the network and host-based agents. DLP may be configured to prevent the transfer of information through corporate resources such as email, web, and physical media such as USB for host-based solutions.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Data Loss Prevention" }, { "id": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:45:19.740Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1042", "external_id": "M1042" } ], "description": "Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:12:04.776Z", "name": "Disable or Remove Feature or Program" }, { "id": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0808", "external_id": "M0808" } ], "description": "Utilize strong cryptographic techniques and protocols to prevent eavesdropping on network communications.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Encrypt Network Traffic" }, { "id": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1041", "external_id": "M1041" } ], "description": "Protect sensitive information with strong encryption.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z", "name": "Encrypt Sensitive Information" }, { "id": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:35:25.488Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038", "external_id": "M1038" } ], "description": "Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.195Z", "name": "Execution Prevention" }, { "id": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:10:57.070Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1050", "external_id": "M1050" } ], "description": "Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-06-20T20:22:55.938Z", "name": "Exploit Protection" }, { "id": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:33:55.337Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1037", "external_id": "M1037" } ], "description": "Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-06-20T20:46:36.342Z", "name": "Filter Network Traffic" }, { "id": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0804", "external_id": "M0804" } ], "description": "The device should require that a user authenticates before they can remotely access it, or send a command to it. While strong multi-factor authentication is preferrable, it is not always feasible within this ICS environments. Performing strong user authentication also requires additional security controls and processes which are often the target of related adversarial techniques (e.g., Valid Accounts, Default Credentials). Therefore, associated ATT&CK mitigations should be considered in addition to this, including Multi-factor Authentication (M1032), Account Use Policies (M1036), Password Policies (M1027), User Account Management (M1018), Privileged Account Management (M1026), and User Account Control (M1052).", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Human User Authentication" }, { "id": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:30:16.672Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1035", "external_id": "M1035" } ], "description": "Prevent access to file shares, remote access to systems, unnecessary services. Mechanisms to limit access may include use of network concentrators, RDP gateways, etc.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-06-09T20:51:00.027Z", "name": "Limit Access to Resource Over Network" }, { "id": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T16:28:41.809Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1034", "external_id": "M1034" } ], "description": "Block users or groups from installing or using unapproved hardware on systems, including USB devices.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-06-09T20:48:12.326Z", "name": "Limit Hardware Installation" }, { "id": "course-of-action--8bc4a54e-810c-4600-8b6c-08fa8413a401", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0805", "external_id": "M0805" }, { "description": "A G Foord, W G Gulland, C R Howard, T Kellacher, W H Smith. (2004). APPLYING THE LATEST STANDARD FOR FUNCTIONAL SAFETY — IEC 61511. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "IEC 61511", "url": "https://www.icheme.org/media/9906/xviii-paper-23.pdf" } ], "description": "Utilize a layered protection design based on physical or mechanical protection systems to prevent damage to property, equipment, human safety, or the environment. Preferably protection devices should have minimal digital components to prevent exposure to related adversarial techniques. Examples of include interlocks, rupture disk, release values, etc. (Citation: IEC 61511)", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Mechanical Protection Layers" }, { "id": "course-of-action--fce6866f-9a87-4d3e-a73c-f02d8937fe0e", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0806", "external_id": "M0806" }, { "description": "CISA. (2010, March). Securing Wireless Networks. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "CISA Mar 2010", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003" }, { "description": "DHS National Urban Security Technology Laboratory. (2019, April). Radio Frequency Detection, Spectrum Analysis, and Direction Finding Equipment. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "DHS National Urban Security Technology Laboratory Apr 2019", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/saver-msr-rf-detection_cod-508_10july2019.pdf" } ], "description": "Wireless signals frequently propagate outside of organizational boundaries, which provide opportunities for adversaries to monitor or gain unauthorized access to the wireless communication. (Citation: CISA Mar 2010) To minimize this threat, organizations should implement measures to detect, understand, and reduce unnecessary RF propagation. (Citation: DHS National Urban Security Technology Laboratory Apr 2019) Techniques can include (i) reducing transmission power on wireless signals, (ii) adjust antenna gain to prevent extensions beyond organizational boundaries, and (iii) employ RF shielding techniques to block excessive signal propagation.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Minimize Wireless Signal Propagation" }, { "id": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0816", "external_id": "M0816" } ], "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventative controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-17T13:55:21.233Z", "name": "Mitigation Limited or Not Effective" }, { "id": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032", "external_id": "M1032" } ], "description": "Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z", "name": "Multi-factor Authentication" }, { "id": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0807", "external_id": "M0807" } ], "description": "Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what external connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T20:53:36.319Z", "name": "Network Allowlists" }, { "id": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031", "external_id": "M1031" } ], "description": "Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z", "name": "Network Intrusion Prevention" }, { "id": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-10T20:41:03.271Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1030", "external_id": "M1030" } ], "description": "Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-05-14T13:05:39.500Z", "name": "Network Segmentation" }, { "id": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1028", "external_id": "M1028" } ], "description": "Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-06-19T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Operating System Configuration" }, { "id": "course-of-action--99c746d7-a08a-4169-94f9-b8c0dad716fa", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0809", "external_id": "M0809" } ], "description": "Deploy mechanisms to protect the confidentiality of information related to operational processes, facility locations, device configurations, programs, or databases that may have information that can be used to infer organizational trade-secrets, recipes, and other intellectual property (IP). Example mitigations could include restricting read privileges, encrypting data, and obfuscating the information (e.g., facility coverterms, codenames). In many cases this information may be necessary to support critical engineering, maintenance, or operational functions, therefore, it may not be feasible to implement.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Operational Information Confidentiality" }, { "id": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0810", "external_id": "M0810" }, { "description": "National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2013, April). Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "NIST Apr 2013", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf" }, { "description": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (n.d.). Rapid Attack Detection, Isolation and Characterization Systems (RADICS). Retrieved September 17, 2020.", "source_name": "DARPA", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/program/rapid-attack-detection-isolation-and-characterization-systems" } ], "description": "Provide operators with redundant, out-of-band communication to support monitoring and control of the operational processes, especially when recovering from a network outage. (Citation: NIST Apr 2013)(Citation: DARPA) Out-of-band communication should utilize diverse systems and technologies to minimize common failure modes and vulnerabilities within the communications infrastructure. For example, wireless networks (e.g., 3G, 4G) can be used to provide diverse and redundant delivery of data.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Out-of-Band Communications Channel" }, { "id": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027", "external_id": "M1027" } ], "description": "Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z", "name": "Password Policies" }, { "id": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:09:47.115Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1026", "external_id": "M1026" } ], "description": "Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:36.655Z", "name": "Privileged Account Management" }, { "id": "course-of-action--f0f5c87a-a58d-440a-b3b5-ca679d98c6dd", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0811", "external_id": "M0811" } ], "description": "Redundancy could be provided through both the devices or services, such as back-up devices or hot-standby's. Hot-standbys in diverse locations can ensure continued operations if the primarily system are compromised or unavailable. At the network layer, protocols such as the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP, IEC 62439-3:2012-07) can be used to simulatenously use redundant and diverse communication over a local network.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Redundancy of Service" }, { "id": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T20:54:49.964Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1022", "external_id": "M1022" } ], "description": "Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-05-20T15:12:39.136Z", "name": "Restrict File and Directory Permissions" }, { "id": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:00:01.740Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1044", "external_id": "M1044" } ], "description": "Prevent abuse of library loading mechanisms in the operating system and software to load untrusted code by configuring appropriate library loading mechanisms and investigating potential vulnerable software.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-11T17:00:01.740Z", "name": "Restrict Library Loading" }, { "id": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1024", "external_id": "M1024" } ], "description": "Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z", "name": "Restrict Registry Permissions" }, { "created": "2019-06-06T20:52:59.206Z", "modified": "2019-06-06T20:52:59.206Z", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", "description": "Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.", "name": "Restrict Web-Based Content", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "M1021", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021" } ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0" }, { "id": "course-of-action--7bb5fae9-53ad-4424-866b-f0ea2a8b731d", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1020", "external_id": "M1020" } ], "description": "Break and inspect SSL/TLS sessions to look at encrypted web traffic for adversary activity.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", "name": "SSL/TLS Inspection" }, { "id": "course-of-action--da44255d-85c5-492c-baf3-ee823d44f848", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0812", "external_id": "M0812" } ], "description": "Utilize Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) to provide an additional layer of protection to hazard scenarios that may cause property damage. A SIS will typically included sensors, logic solvers, and a final control element that can be used to automatically respond to an hazardous condition. Ensure that all SISs are segmented from operational networks to prevent them from being targeted by additional adversarial behavior.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Safety Instrumented Systems" }, { "id": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-07-19T14:40:23.529Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054", "external_id": "M1054" } ], "description": "Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:09.471Z", "name": "Software Configuration" }, { "id": "course-of-action--72e46e53-e12d-4106-9c70-33241b6ed549", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0813", "external_id": "M0813" } ], "description": "Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication if accessing a local or remote API.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Software Process and Device Authentication" }, { "id": "course-of-action--52c7a1a9-3a78-4528-a44f-cd7b0fa3541a", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0814", "external_id": "M0814" } ], "description": "Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with network configurations.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Static Network Configuration" }, { "id": "course-of-action--874c0166-e407-45c2-a1d9-e4e3a6570fd8", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T19:55:50.927Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1019", "external_id": "M1019" } ], "description": "A threat intelligence program helps an organization generate their own threat intelligence information and track trends to inform defensive priorities to mitigate risk.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2019-06-06T19:55:50.927Z", "name": "Threat Intelligence Program" }, { "id": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-11T17:12:55.207Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1051", "external_id": "M1051" } ], "description": "Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-07-07T12:42:39.005Z", "name": "Update Software" }, { "id": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T16:50:58.767Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018", "external_id": "M1018" } ], "description": "Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-05-20T13:49:12.270Z", "name": "User Account Management" }, { "id": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T16:50:04.963Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017", "external_id": "M1017" } ], "description": "Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-08-26T14:19:20.173Z", "name": "User Training" }, { "id": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T16:47:30.700Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1016", "external_id": "M1016" } ], "description": "Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them.", "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "modified": "2020-07-14T22:22:06.356Z", "name": "Vulnerability Scanning" }, { "id": "course-of-action--98aa0d61-fc9d-4b2d-8f18-b25d03549f53", "type": "course-of-action", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Mitigation/M0815", "external_id": "M0815" } ], "description": "Utilize watchdog timers to ensure devices can quickly detect whether a system is operational, unresponsive, or in a good state. System / process restarts should be performed when a timeout condition occurs.", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "modified": "2020-09-22T16:50:45.681Z", "name": "Watchdog Timers" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "description": "[ALLANITE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009) has been identified to collect and distribute screenshots of ICS systems such as HMIs.(Citation: Dragos Allanite)(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A))", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--5424e327-396f-4b07-94a3-408ffc915686", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--190242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Dragos Allanite", "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). Allanite. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/allanite/" }, { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "description": "[ALLANITE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009) leverages watering hole attacks to gain access into electric utilities.(Citation: SecurityWeek Allanite May 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--fc4803cb-d6bf-4674-bf40-d4b0997824ba", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--190242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "SecurityWeek Allanite May 2018", "description": "Eduard Kovacs. (2018, May 10). 'Allanite' Group Targets ICS Networks at Electric Utilities in US, UK. Retrieved January 3, 2020.", "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/allanite-group-targets-ics-networks-electric-utilities-us-uk" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "description": "[ALLANITE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009) utilized credentials collected through phishing and watering hole attacks.(Citation: Dragos Allanite)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--0eb112f6-c1cb-4843-93f5-f668aa0e9bd8", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--190242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Dragos Allanite", "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). Allanite. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/allanite/" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "description": "[ALLANITE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009) utilized spear phishing to gain access into energy sector environments.(Citation: E-ISAC Allanite May 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--679e7b8d-57d7-4c1d-8f42-1496606ea666", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--190242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "E-ISAC Allanite May 2018", "description": "Jeff Jones. (2018, May 10). Dragos Releases Details on Suspected Russian Infrastructure Hacking Team ALLANITE. Retrieved January 3, 2020.", "url": "https://www.eisac.com/public-news-detail?id=115909" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "description": "[APT33](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0003) sent spear phishing emails containing links to HTML application files, which were embedded with malicious code.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) APT33 has conducted targeted spear phishing campaigns against U.S. government agencies and private sector companies.(Citation: Wired Jun 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--0f18b876-b698-4f70-aa98-50e8b5a7eae2", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017", "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html" }, { "source_name": "Wired Jun 2019", "description": "Andy Greenburg. (2019, June 20). Iranian Hackers Launch a New US-Targeted Campaign as Tensions Mount. Retrieved January 3, 2020.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/iran-hackers-us-phishing-tensions/" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "description": "[APT33](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0003) utilized PowerShell scripts to establish command and control and install files for execution.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: Dragos Magnallium)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--739e7b8d-57d7-4c1d-8f42-1496606ea666", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019", "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved December 2, 2019.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Magnallium", "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). Magnallium. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/magnallium/" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "description": "[APT33](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0003) utilize backdoors capable of capturing screenshots once installed on a system.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Stonedrill Mar 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--0beb0088-3bea-4612-b2d9-ff9988f829ae", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017", "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Stonedrill Mar 2017", "description": "Junnosuke Yagi. (2017, March 07). Trojan.Stonedrill. Retrieved December 5, 2019.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2017-030708-4403-99" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) has been reported to take screenshots of the GUI for ICS equipment, such as HMIs.(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--86fe184d-1dda-481a-ab33-8ee1707cd388", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) sent pdf documents over email which contained links to malicious sites and downloads.(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--ef615d62-fe85-4740-9c5d-5dddff9b5693", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) used intermediate targets for watering hole attacks on an intended target. A line of code is injected into the header.php file, this is used to redirect the visitors to an adversary controlled IP.(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--042243fd-bfe0-4961-96de-a36232d3ff74", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) leveraged compromised user credentials to access the targets networks and download tools from a remote server.(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--63351c36-80ca-4937-9a49-e6319d14c215", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) communicated with command and control over TCP ports 445 and 139 or UDP 137 or 138.(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--2da5cf39-7937-4ed3-b847-cb1926e6a4a5", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "modified": "2020-01-05T15:05:33.081Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-293A)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2017, October 21). Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved October 23, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0006) used the Phishery tool kit to conduct spear phishing attacks and gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: Talos Jul 2017) Dragonfly 2.0 conducted a targeted spear phishing campaign against multiple electric utilities in the North America.(Citation: Dragos Sept 2018)(Citation: Dragos 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--17525989-242e-4960-b59d-9ea62172263f", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", "modified": "2020-01-05T20:13:49.301Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "description": "Symantec. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group" }, { "description": "Sean Baird, Earl Carter, Erick Galinkin, Christopher Marczewski & Joe Marshall. (2017, July 07). Attack on Critical Infrastructure Leverages Template Injection. Retrieved December 5, 2019.", "source_name": "Talos Jul 2017", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/07/template-injection.html" }, { "description": "Dragos Threat Intelligence. (2018, September 17). THREAT INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY TR-2018-25: Phishing Campaign Targeting Electric Utility Companies. Retrieved January 3, 2020.", "source_name": "Dragos Sept 2018", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/Sample-WorldView-Report.pdf" }, { "description": "Dragos Threat Intelligence. (2018). ICS Activity Groups and Threat Landscape. Retrieved January 3, 2020.", "source_name": "Dragos 2018", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/yir-ics-activity-groups-threat-landscape-2018.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0006) trojanized legitimate software to deliver malware disguised as standard windows applications.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--86076ad1-8037-4dd0-88e7-9c40ec00af4a", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", "modified": "2020-01-05T20:13:49.301Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "description": "Symantec. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. 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Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "description": "[XENOTIME](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0001) utilizes watering hole websites to target industrial employees.(Citation: CyberScoop Xenotime May 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--b3862aa6-7bd0-46a4-83b6-bb687bb7caa6", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", "modified": "2020-01-05T11:39:52.024Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CyberScoop Xenotime May 2018", "description": "Chris Bing. (2018, May 24). Trisis masterminds have expanded operations to target U.S. industrial firms. 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Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eywmb7UDODY&feature=youtu.be&t=939" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0003) enumerates all OPC tags and queries for specific fields such as server state, tag name, type, access, and id.(Citation: FireEye Havex Jul 2014)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--2cacc971-b132-47a2-a7b6-94900bb6983c", "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", "modified": "2020-01-05T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye Havex Jul 2014", "description": "Kyle Wilhoit. (2014, July 17). Havex, It’s Down With OPC. 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While the target is visiting a legitimate website, a malware dropper is being downloaded from the threat actor’s infrastructure.(Citation: Kaspersky Bad Rabbit Oct 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z", "id": "relationship--0c1fe5fc-3bdc-4d0e-94a0-6564f2ce4444", "source_ref": "malware--242622ca-3903-43d5-8aa0-3bbdaa3020ec", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky Bad Rabbit Oct 2017", "description": "Orkhan Mamedov, Fedor Sinitsyn, Anton Ivanov. (2017, October 27). Bad Rabbit Ransomware. 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(2017, June 13). Industroyer - Dragos - 201706: Analysis of the Threat to Electic Grid Operations. 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(2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), contains an IEC 61850 module that enumerates all connected network adapters to determine their TCP/IP subnet masks.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--841ec349-0f4c-43fa-89b8-ef3656497fc9", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), IEC 61850 payload enumerates all possible IP addresses for each of the subnet masks for the interfaces on the infected machine, and tries to connect to port 102 on each of those addresses. Therefore, this component has the ability to discover relevant devices in the network automatically.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--1c831708-28c2-47ae-a158-39f1f7b73406", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), contains an OPC DA module that enumerates all OPC servers using the ICatInformation::EnumClassesOfCategories method with CATID_OPCDAServer20 category identifier and IOPCServer::GetStatus to identify the ones running. The OPC DA module also uses IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace to look for items with the following strings: 'ctlSelOn', 'ctlOperOn', 'ctlSelOff', ctlOperOff', 'Pos and stVal'.\n\nIf the target device responds appropriately, the Industroyer IEC 61850 payload then sends an InitiateRequest packet using the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS). If the expected answer is received, it continues, sending an MMS getNameList request. Thereby, the component compiles a list of object names in a Virtual Manufacturing Device.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--81f8bb8b-7372-47ad-b030-1ea977d5372d", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5f3da2f3-91c8-4d8b-a02f-bf43a11def55", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), contains modules for IEC 101 and IEC 104 communications.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017) IEC 101 uses serial for the physical connection and IEC 104 uses Ethernet. Analysis of the malware by Dragos states that both of the modules have equivalent functionality.(Citation: Dragos Industroyer Jun 2017) The IEC 104 module uses Network Connection Enumeration to determine the Ethernet adapters on the device. Since functionality between the two modules are equivalent, this implies that the IEC 101 module is able to detect serial interfaces on the device.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--0810db31-f49e-4bfd-b40a-19dc84527bca", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). Industroyer - Dragos - 201706: Analysis of the Threat to Electic Grid Operations. Retrieved September 18, 2017.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), IEC 61850 component enumerates the objects discovered in the previous step and sends the domain-specific getNameList requests with each object name. This enumerates named variables in a specific domain.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--d72ebee3-0747-47e6-b300-2138dbfaf01e", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), SIPROTEC DoS module exploits the CVE-2015-5374 vulnerability in order to render a Siemens SIPROTEC device unresponsive. Once this vulnerability is successfully exploited, the target device stops responding to any commands until it is rebooted manually.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)Once the tool is executed it sends specifically crafted packets to port 50,000 of the target IP addresses using UDP. The UDP packet contains the following 18 byte payload: 0x11 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 9E.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)\n\nThe Industroyer SPIROTEC DoS module places the victim device into 'firmware update' mode. This is a legitimate use case under normal circumstances, but in this case is used the adversary to prevent the SPIROTEC from performing its designed protective functions. As a result the normal safeguards are disabled, leaving an unprotected link in the electric transmission.(Citation: Dragos CRASHOVERRIDE Aug 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--83c8c216-7ff7-4bd3-9db4-573469628d95", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Dragos CRASHOVERRIDE Aug 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, August 15). CRASHOVERRIDE: Reassessing the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Event as a Protection-Focused Attack. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), IEC 101 module has the capability to communicate with devices (likely RTUs) via the IEC 101 protocol. The module will attempt to find all Information Object Addresses (IOAs) for the device and attempt to change their state in the following sequence: OFF, ON, OFF.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--9fb2a9b2-3b25-4f77-9f7a-e832b2e5071a", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), IEC 104 module has 3 modes available to perform its attack. These modes are range, shift, and sequence. The range mode operates in 2 stages. The first stage of range mode gathers Information Object Addresses (IOA) and sends 'select and execute' packets to switch the state. The second stage of range mode has an infinite loop where it will switch the state of all of the previously discovered IOAs. Shift mode is similar to range mode, but instead of staying within the same range, it will add a shift value to the default range values.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--966b59c0-8641-432c-84f7-b2a712004d74", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), SIPROTEC DoS module exploits the CVE-2015-5374 vulnerability in order to render a Siemens SIPROTEC device unresponsive. Once this vulnerability is successfully exploited, the target device stops responding to any commands until it is rebooted manually.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)Once the tool is executed it sends specifically crafted packets to port 50,000 of the target IP addresses using UDP. The UDP packet contains the following 18 byte payload: 0x11 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 9E.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--87c8ab74-576d-4962-b641-0762d374d1e8", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "description": "The [Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), SIPROTEC DoS module exploits the CVE-2015-5374 vulnerability in order to render a Siemens SIPROTEC device unresponsive. Once this vulnerability is successfully exploited, the target device stops responding to any commands until it is rebooted manually.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)Once the tool is executed it sends specifically crafted packets to port 50,000 of the target IP addresses using UDP. The UDP packet contains the following 18 byte payload: 0x11 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 9E.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--50c20664-75dc-451e-b026-67b1d309e4b5", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001), automatically collects protocol object data to learn about control devices in the environment.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--c4122b58-f1b2-4656-a715-55016700bf75", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001)'s data wiper component removes the registry 'image path' throughout the system and overwrites all files, rendering the system unusable.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--a6d8b66d-fc10-404f-b0ae-e8c66506b818", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001)'s data wiper component removes the registry 'image path' throughout the system and overwrites all files, rendering the system unusable.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--9d6f9bba-dd79-4cb6-a0f3-1284e58a6236", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001) toggles breakers to the open state utilizing unauthorized command messages.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--7c3b65e8-e8b7-4c3b-b27b-e216986d8976", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001) has the capability to stop a service itself, or to login as a user and stop a service as that user.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--66f79019-d52c-46a6-b605-c2335d1d3d20", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001) uses the first COM port from the configuration file for the communication and the other two COM ports are opened to prevent other processes accessing them. This may block processes or operators from getting reporting messages from a device.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--648c6649-5861-4b43-a7e5-a9665bafb576", "source_ref": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "modified": "2020-01-06T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer Jun 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. 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Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "description": "The [PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) worm starts by scanning for probable targets. Siemens SIMATIC PLCs may be identified by the port 102/tcp.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--9f010e39-922a-4f20-9dd9-98f4178c5263", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) copies itself to various Program Organization Units (POU) on the target device. The POUs include the Organization Block, Data Block, Function, and Function Block.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--e02a41f2-73b9-4cf9-820a-23156bf697e5", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) may manipulate any outputs of the PLC. Using the POU POKE any value within the process image may be modified.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--6fa3aee4-2a29-4c0f-9e61-1f7df5eccc00", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) utilizes the PLC communication and management API to load executable Program Organization Units.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--425c5160-17e0-44eb-9f4b-1a8e216b56a2", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "description": "After [PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) is transferred to a PLC, the PLC begins execution of PLC-Blaster.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--09ef0e68-c9b4-4cca-aa25-e65137e8f63a", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "description": "The execution on the PLC can be stopped by violating the cycle time limit. The [PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) implements an endless loop triggering an error condition within the PLC with the impact of a DoS.(Citation: BlackHat Mar 2016)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--535c5160-17e0-44eb-9f4b-1a8e216b56a2", "source_ref": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "BlackHat Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--63b6942d-8359-4506-bfb3-cf87aa8120ee", "description": "An enterprise resource planning (ERP) manufacturing server was lost to the [Ryuk](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0011) attack. The manufacturing process had to rely on paper and existing orders to keep the shop floor open.(Citation: DarkReading)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--383e242a-72d4-4b40-8905-888595c34919", "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DarkReading", "description": "Kelly Jackson Higgins. (n.d.). How a Manufacturing Firm Recovered from a Devastating Ransomware Attack. Retrieved November 3, 2019.", "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/how-a-manufacturing-firm-recovered-from-a-devastating-ransomware-attack/d/d-id/1334760" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) scanned the network to identify the Siemens PLCs that it was targeting.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--8f7dcde0-03a5-4f13-a728-67a43429b45e", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "description": "One of [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) 's rootkits is contained entirely in the fake s7otbxdx.dll. In order to continue existing undetected on the PLC it needs to account for at least the following situations: read requests for its own malicious code blocks, read requests for infected blocks (OB1, OB35, DP_RECV), and write requests that could overwrite Stuxnet’s own code. Stuxnet contains code to monitor and intercept these types of requests. The rootkit modifies these requests so that Stuxnet’s PLC code is not discovered or damaged.(Citation: Langer Nov 2013)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--f85f342c-ec0f-4fc5-b188-b633963ea78e", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Langner Nov 2013", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "description": "When the peripheral output is written to, sequence C intercepts the output and ensures it is not written to the process image output. The output is the instructions the PLC sends to a device to change its operating behavior. By intercepting the peripheral output, [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) prevents an operator from noticing unauthorized commands sent to the peripheral.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--f0c81c9f-2fb7-4e7d-98ed-c75e3be7d962", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "description": "The Siemens s7otbxdx.dll is responsible for handling PLC block exchange between the programming device (i.e., a computer running a Simatic manager on Windows) and the PLC. s7db_open function is an export hook that is used to obtain information used to create handles to manage a PLC (such a handle is used by APIs that manipulate the PLC). [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) utilized this export hook to gain information about targeted PLCs such as model information.[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) was specifically targeting CPUs 6ES7-315-2 (Series 300) with special system data block characteristics for sequence A or B and 6ES7-315-2 for sequence C. The PLC type can also be checked using the s7ag_read_szl API.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--d598f3d0-a4b1-4a6c-9aa6-990e4a2c2912", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e2994b6a-122b-4043-b654-7411c5198ec0", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) enumerates and parses the System Data Blocks (SDB). [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) must find an SDB with the DWORD at offset 50h equal to 0100CB2Ch. This specifies that the system uses the Profibus communications processor module CP 342-5. In addition, specific values are searched for and counted: 7050h and 9500h. 7050h is assigned to part number KFC750V3 which appears to be a frequency converter drive (also known as variable frequency drive) manufactured by Fararo Paya in Teheran, Iran. 9500h is assigned to Vacon NX frequency converter drives manufactured by Vacon based in Finland.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--3cf93229-fb60-4fc1-9edd-3e0a0c0b2302", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "description": "DP_RECV is the name of a standard function block used by network coprocessors. It is used to receive network frames on the Profibus – a standard industrial network bus used for distributed I/O. The original block is copied to FC1869, and then replaced by a malicious block. Each time the function is used to receive a packet, the malicious [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) block takes control: it will call the original DP_RECV in FC1869 and then perform postprocessing on the packet data. This secondary thread is used to monitor a data block DB890 of sequence A or B. Though constantly running and probing this block (every 5 minutes), this thread has no purpose if the PLC is not infected. The purpose of the thread is to monitor each S7-315 on the bus. The replaced DP_RECV block (later on referred to as the 'DP_RECV monitor') is meant to monitor data sent by the frequency converter drives to the 315-2 CPU via CP 342-5 Profibus communication modules.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--f29ecf69-1753-44bb-9b80-1025f49cadda", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) examines fields recorded by the DP_RECV monitor to determine if the target system is in a particular state of operation.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--2fd13fc0-e3f0-4099-ab20-d19ba6bcd4e0", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "description": "In states 3 and 4 [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) sends two network bursts (done through the DP_SEND primitive). The data in the frames are instructions for the frequency converter drives. For example one of the frames contains records that change the maximum frequency (the speed at which the motor will operate). The frequency converter drives consist of parameters, which can be remotely configured via Profibus. One can write new values to these parameters changing the behavior of the device.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--50b3247a-ea71-455e-b299-f00666c05146", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) can reprogram a PLC and change critical parameters in such a way that legitimate commands can be overridden or intercepted. In addition, [Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010#scite-b3a32e169ec1545f620839e1471333e0) can apply inappropriate command sequences or parameters to cause damage to property.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--c6520346-fe47-44ce-af75-d99004ac2977", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) infects PLCs with different code depending on the characteristics of the target system. An infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--7c893581-c847-495a-aa93-9d98c516e1ae", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) infects PLCs with different code depending on the characteristics of the target system. An infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--701f66f4-2267-4c22-85f4-81391953289a", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) copies itself into Step 7 projects in such a way that it automatically executes when the Step 7 project is loaded.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--dfe43fa1-ffc2-4c6c-a91d-f2ca55f21ccb", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) modifies the Import Address Tables DLLs to hook specific APIs that are used to open project files.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--53a54e4a-2b38-4b0c-8f60-252a68767443", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) halts the original PLC code and the malicious PLC code begins sending frames of data based on the recorded values during the DP_RECV monitor phase.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--c6c28b76-7a31-4668-ad25-933a1b52f312", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a48c74-0025-45f4-b04a-baa853df8204", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) copies the input area of an I/O image into data blocks with a one second interval between copies, forming a 21 second recording of the input area. The input area contains information being passed to the PLC from a peripheral. For example, the current state of a valve or the temperature of a device.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--28afd84d-a53e-4b2f-9bee-133f7da6982a", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "description": "When the peripheral output is written to, sequence C of[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) intercepts the output and ensures it is not written to the process image output. The output is the instructions the PLC sends to a device to change its operating behavior. By intercepting the peripheral output, Stuxnet prevents an operator from noticing unauthorized commands sent to the peripheral(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--f130282b-f681-455f-966b-55829842be92", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). 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It replaces the original .dll file with its own version that allows it to intercept any calls that are made to access the PLC.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--0e29f62d-4ffc-47ec-9623-72f874fbe905", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) utilizes the PLC communication and management API to load executable [Program Organization Units](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T844).(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--be532c78-daf5-431b-adae-ab11af395513", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) attempts to contact command and control servers over HTTP to send basic information about the computer it has compromised.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--bc383819-2e40-49b4-bea9-95eb5d418877", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) attempts to contact command and control servers on port 80 to send basic information about the computer it has compromised.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--bcece7ce-91b5-40b3-b87a-25cab3600e5c", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) was able to self-replicate by being spread through removable drives. A willing insider or unknown third party, such as a contractor, may have brought the removable media into the target environment.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011) The earliest version of Stuxnet relied on physical installation, infecting target systems when an infected configuration file carried by a USB stick was opened.(Citation: Langner Nov 2013)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--82b20c35-88c6-49aa-8241-a59512b17b74", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Langner Nov 2013", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) de-couples all inputs and signals from the legitimate code on a PLC and chooses what is passed to the original code. STUXNET effectively creates a man in the middle attack with the input and output signals and control logic.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--29412608-a184-4ac3-9ee6-bd2d5063bf0d", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) replaces the DLL responsible for reading projects from a PLC to the step7 software. This allows Stuxnet the ability to upload a program from the PLC.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--21811a5f-75c3-447e-98f6-0431b4de124d", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) manipulates the view of operators replaying process input and manipulating the I/O image to evade detection and inhibit protection functions.(Citation: Langner Nov 2013)(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--e257913e-40ba-4a05-ba97-0c3175c966b5", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Langner Nov 2013", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) utilized an engineering workstation as the initial access point for PLC devices.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--6a8e92be-1ab0-4cac-9ca9-9d14a870ecd9", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--83ebd22f-b401-4d59-8219-2294172cf916", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) attacks were designed to over-pressure and damage centrifuge rotors by manipulating process pressure and rotor speeds over time. One focused on a routine to change centrifuge rotor speeds, while the other manipulated critical resonance speeds to over-pressure them.(Citation: Langner Nov 2013)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "id": "relationship--874752f4-59a2-46e9-ae28-befe0142b223", "source_ref": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Langner Nov 2013", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) is able to modify code if the Triconex SIS Controller is configured with the physical keyswitch in ‘program mode’ during operation. If the controller is placed in Run mode (program changes not permitted), arbitrary changes in logic are not possible substantially reducing the likelihood of manipulation. Once the Triton implant is installed on the SIS it is able to conduct any operation regardless of any future position of the keyswitch.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--74b66248-2cb6-46ea-b52c-c7d60c170f3f", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "description": "Using [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013), an adversary can manipulate the process into an unsafe state from the DCS while preventing the SIS from functioning appropriately.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--d59a9843-bc7b-4309-9cfb-226f7cd1b14c", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "description": "The [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013), malware was configured to masquerade as trilog.exe, which is the Triconex software for analyzing SIS logs.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--4b34b947-ed1b-4aae-a2a9-5c1373760255", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0d74479-86d2-465d-bf36-903ebecef43e", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013), can reprogram the SIS logic to cause it to trip and shutdown a process that is, in actuality, in a safe state. In other words, trigger a false positive. Triton also can reprogram the SIS logic to allow unsafe conditions to persist.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)The Triton malware is able to add a malicious program to the execution table of the controller. This action leaves the legitimate programs in place. If the controller failed, Triton would attempt to return it to a running state. If the controller did not recover within a certain time window, the sample would overwrite the malicious program to cover its tracks.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--d9bed8cf-8d1e-46cb-bd6d-b0266a1b0010", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "description": "In the version of [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013)available at the time of publication, the component that programs the Triconex controllers is written entirely in Python. The modules that implement the communciation protocol and other supporting components are found in a separate file -- library.zip -- which the main script that employs this functionality is compiled into a standalone Windows executable -- trilog.exe -- that includes a Python environment.(Citation: DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--53e6cf7c-e60b-4b83-8bb4-c0266e8a0c94", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) uses a Python script that is capable of detecting Triconex controllers on the network by sending a specific UDP broadcast packet over port 1502.(Citation: DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--351e19c4-c16e-493a-9800-a433107aacf1", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "description": "The malicious shellcode [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) uses is split into two separate pieces -- inject.bin and imain.bin. The former program is more generic code that handles injecting the payload into the running firmware, while the latter is the payload that actually performs the additional malicious functionality. The payload --imain.bin-- is designed to take a TriStation protocol get main processor diagnostic data command, look for a specially crafted packet body, and perform custom actions on demand. It is able to read and write memory on the safety controller and execute code at an arbitrary address within the firmware. In addition, if the memory address it writes to is within the firmware region, it disables address translation, writes the code at the provided address, flushes the instruction cache, and re-enables address translation. This allows the malware to make changes to the running firmware in memory. This allows Triton to change how the device operates and would allow for the modification of other actions that the Triton controller might make.(Citation: DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--93e24e03-6425-4ee8-99bb-c3a662c6cdce", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "description": "A Python script seen in [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) communicates using four Python modules—TsBase, TsLow, TsHi, and TS_cnames—that collectively implement the TriStation network protocol ('TS', via UDP 1502); this is the protocol that the TriStation TS1131 software uses to communicate with Triconex safety PLCs.(Citation: DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--709c4e40-c5c6-405b-bc3d-0adfea40ccd4", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) disables a firmware RAM/ROM consistency check, injects a payload (imain.bin) into the firmware memory region, and changes a jumptable entry to point to the added code(Citation: DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019)(Citation: CISA Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) Dec 2018)(Citation: Schneider Electric TRITON Jan 2018)In Schneider Electric Triconex Tricon MP model 3008 firmware versions 10.0-10.4, system calls read directly from memory addresses within the control program area without any verification. Manipulating this data could allow adversary data to be copied anywhere within memory.(Citation: MITRE CVE-2018-8872 May 2018)(Citation: CWE-119 Jan 2019)Triconex systems include continuous means of detection including checksums for firmware and program integrity, memory and memory reference integrity, and configuration.(Citation: NRC Triconex)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--ea50253a-3220-458b-b810-ad032f2b182f", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "DHS CISA MAR-17-351-01 HatMan Feb 2019", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" }, { "source_name": "CISA Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) Dec 2018", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2018, December 18). Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) - Schneider Electric Triconex Tricon (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-107-02" }, { "source_name": "Schneider Electric TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Schneider Electric. (2018, January 23). TRITON - Schneider Electric Analysis and Disclosure. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f09E75bWvkk&index=3&list=PL8OWO1qWXF4qYG19p7An4Vw3N2YZ86aRS&t=0s" }, { "source_name": "MITRE CVE-2018-8872 May 2018", "description": "MITRE. (2018, May 04). CVE-2018-8872. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8872" }, { "source_name": "CWE-119 Jan 2019", "description": "Common Weakness Enumeration. (2019, January 03). CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/119.html" }, { "source_name": "NRC Triconex", "description": "The Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. (n.d.). Triconex Topical Report 7286-545-1. Retrieved May 30, 2018.", "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1209/ML120900890.pdf" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "description": "The [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) Python script is also capable of autodetecting Triconex controllers on the network by sending a specific UDP broadcast packet over port 1502.(Citation: CISA Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) Dec 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--831b01b1-f005-4705-b052-bb50e7bf0338", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "CISA Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) Dec 2018", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2018, December 18). Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) - Schneider Electric Triconex Tricon (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-107-02" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "description": "The [Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) malware gained remote access to an SIS engineering workstation.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--c4307cc3-871b-4043-8a23-2a2e8b265df7", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5fa00fdd-4a55-4191-94a0-564181d7fec2", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) has the capability to reprogram the SIS logic to allow unsafe conditions to persist or reprogram the SIS to allow an unsafe state – while using the DCS to create an unsafe state or hazard.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--d8354850-bd4c-4bd9-a585-b107f5f1398f", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) leveraged the TriStation protocol to download programs onto Triconex Safety Instrumented System.(Citation: Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--1f8abf6f-0dd0-4449-b555-733fe7296177", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Jos Wetzels. (2018, January 16). Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.midnightbluelabs.com/blog/2018/1/16/analyzing-the-triton-industrial-malware" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) would reset the controller to the previous state over TriStation and if this failed it would write a dummy program to memory in what was likely an attempt at anti-forensics.(Citation: Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--56dcc2d7-5243-4a5d-a556-8723642e98a4", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Jos Wetzels. (2018, January 16). Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.midnightbluelabs.com/blog/2018/1/16/analyzing-the-triton-industrial-malware" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) framework can communicate with the implant utilizing the TriStation 'get main processor diagnostic data' command and looks for a specifically crafted packet body from which it extracts a command value and its arguments.(Citation: Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--8b2d82aa-75fc-4d6d-bb4b-9f600bd211fd", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Jos Wetzels. (2018, January 16). Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.midnightbluelabs.com/blog/2018/1/16/analyzing-the-triton-industrial-malware" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) leverages a reconstructed TriStation protocol within its framework to trigger APIs related to program download, program allocation, and program changes.(Citation: Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--d72e7d01-56be-4fbd-8957-3384533ba83b", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Midnight Blue Labs TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Jos Wetzels. (2018, January 16). Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.midnightbluelabs.com/blog/2018/1/16/analyzing-the-triton-industrial-malware" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) contains a file named TS_cnames.py which contains default definitions for program state (TS_progstate). Program state is referenced in TsHi.py.(Citation: MDudek-ICS TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "id": "relationship--4e1e2ce9-5935-4890-8466-b9683fc38ec8", "source_ref": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "modified": "2020-01-12T18:23:46.229Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "MDudek-ICS TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN", "description": "MDudek-ICS. (n.d.). TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN. 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TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN. Retrieved November 3, 2019.", "url": "https://github.com/MDudek-ICS/TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN/tree/master/decompiled_code/library" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) has the ability to halt or run a program through the TriStation protocol. 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The malware uses a raw socket to look for connections to a pre-specified IP address, only looking at TCP packets that are 150 bytes or larger. Packets that are not on port 502, are scanned for BasicAuth, and that information is logged. This may have allowed credential harvesting from communications between devices accessing a modbus-enabled HMI.(Citation: Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018)(Citation: VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--cad91f87-7cc7-4771-8c7b-1599793ed3c1", "source_ref": "malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018", "description": "William Largent. (2018, June 06). VPNFilter Update - VPNFilter exploits endpoints, targets new devices. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/06/vpnfilter-update.html" }, { "source_name": "VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019", "description": "Carl Hurd. (2019, March 26). VPNFilter Deep Dive. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuZazP22rpI" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "description": "The [VPNFilter](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0002) packet sniffer monitors ICS traffic, and is specific to the TP-LINK R600-VPN. The malware uses a raw socket to look for connections to a pre-specified IP address, only looking at TCP packets that are 150 bytes or larger. 'ps' identifies and logs on IPs and ports, but not the packet contents on port 502 (Modbus traffic). It does not validate the traffic as Modbus.(Citation: Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018)(Citation: VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "relationship--d2b3dc96-7adb-4d38-b3cf-b448535ffa60", "source_ref": "malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d", "modified": "2020-01-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018", "description": "William Largent. (2018, June 06). VPNFilter Update - VPNFilter exploits endpoints, targets new devices. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/06/vpnfilter-update.html" }, { "source_name": "VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019", "description": "Carl Hurd. (2019, March 26). VPNFilter Deep Dive. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuZazP22rpI" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "description": "[WannaCry](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0007) initially infected IT networks, but by means of an exploit (particularly the SMBv1-targeting MS17-010 vulnerability) spread to industrial networks.(Citation: Dragos Apr 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2019-03-25T19:13:54.947Z", "id": "relationship--c59a3d89-c8fa-4c5d-813e-f4495d892d1a", "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "modified": "2020-01-02T11:43:33.397Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Dragos Apr 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/implications-of-it-ransomware-for-ics-environments/" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "description": "[WannaCry](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0007) can utilize exposed SMB services to access industrial networks.(Citation: Dragos Apr 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2019-03-25T19:13:54.947Z", "id": "relationship--5445c04b-f792-4850-aaa7-d643998b240d", "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "modified": "2020-01-02T11:43:33.397Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Dragos Apr 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/implications-of-it-ransomware-for-ics-environments/" } ], "relationship_type": "uses" }, { "type": "relationship", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "description": "[WannaCry](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0007) can move laterally through industrial networks by means of the SMB service.(Citation: Dragos Apr 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2019-03-25T19:13:54.947Z", "id": "relationship--d50a3d89-c8fa-4c5d-813e-f4495d892d1a", "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "modified": "2020-01-02T11:43:33.397Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "Dragos Apr 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. 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Consider using access management technologies to enforce authorization on all management interface access attempts, especially when the device does not inherently provide strong authentication and authorization functions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--f20d8eed-b517-4297-b32a-9a5e0845de9f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All devices or systems changes, including all administrative functions, should require authentication. 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Consider using access management technologies to enforce authorization on all management interface access attempts, especially when the device does not inherently provide strong authentication and authorization functions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b7f23af2-e948-4531-af56-1a1b4d03702f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. 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Centralized authentication techniques can help manage the large number of field controller accounts needed across the ICS.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5ca1d677-b41f-4f1e-b86b-f5637a418829", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. Centralized authentication techniques can help manage the large number of field controller accounts needed across the ICS.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--02547978-3323-4291-827e-081d0ca650d8", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Access Management technologies can be used to enforce authorization policies and decisions, especially when existing field devices do not provided capabilities to support user identification and authentication 1. These technologies typically utilize an in-line network device or gateway system to prevent access to unauthenticated users, while also integrating with an authentication service to first verify user credentials.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--68d30c45-766f-48b6-9405-0c969243332b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All devices or systems changes, including all administrative functions, should require authentication. Consider using access management technologies to enforce authorization on all management interface access attempts, especially when the device does not inherently provide strong authentication and authorization functions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a86cee0a-dc49-4c95-b5dc-37405337490b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. Centralized authentication techniques can help manage the large number of field controller accounts needed across the ICS.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--104b4f25-d0a9-41f6-94b3-fa85ee8b1523", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. Centralized authentication techniques can help manage the large number of field controller accounts needed across the ICS.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ea817c7a-9424-4204-90a5-6f8fb86037be", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, and password strength requirements as examples. Consider these features as they relate to assets which may impact safety and availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--276aa6a6-e700-470a-8f72-02537ba7be9d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, and password strength requirements as examples. Consider these features as they relate to assets which may impact safety and availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--eeeaa0d4-0ca0-468e-ae13-43ab7aba61b4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider configuration and use of a network-wide authentication service such as Active Directory, LDAP, or RADIUS capabilities which can be found in ICS devices.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--62f3f530-59ed-4f7e-8647-c05d4363d9d4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Install anti-virus software on all workstation and transient assets that may have external access, such as to web, email, or remote file shares.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--bda03e8d-5e06-4470-b786-11b11c7c97c7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Deploy anti-virus on all systems that support external email.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--d3c94120-e6b5-4bd2-88f0-9c73f76b0104", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure anti-virus solution can detect malicious files that allow user execution (e.g., Microsoft Office Macros, program installers).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b69f31c3-6c12-4b81-8e74-9c58ea635fa4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that applications and devices do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely (e.g., plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ca5c7ae7-5273-4888-bc50-183d6e200972", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Built-in browser sandboxes and application isolation may be used in conjunction to contain malware before malicious actions occur.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e767c178-e4b2-490a-b544-bb1b2d6c7de4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Application isolation will limit the other processes and system features an exploited target can access. Examples of built in features are software restriction policies, AppLocker for Windows, and SELinux or AppArmor for Linux.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7ff12adb-bc9a-42e5-9cbf-613b200c36dc", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--8fa6fe89-e704-4be4-a15b-50e188084aa3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2fffbea8-c031-4de8-a451-447bbbe3e224", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider the use of application isolation and sandboxing to restrict specific operating system interactions such as access through user accounts, services, system calls, registry, and network access. This may be even more useful in cases where the source of the executed script is unknown.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--8d4c346b-5da0-4c93-aca6-cba15fd532f2", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform integrity checks of firmware before uploading it on a device. Utilize cryptographic hashes to verify the firmware has not been tampered with by comparing it a trusted hash of the firmware. This could be from a trusted data sources (e.g., vendor site) or through a third-party verification service.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2ff82993-5010-4450-89e7-341f449f3263", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive repositories.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--58ac6d42-857e-43e7-a21e-6c226ec35960", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Integrity checking of engineering workstations can include performing the validation of the booted operating system and programs using TPM-based technologies, such as Secure Boot and Trusted Boot. It can also include verifying filesystem changes, such as programs and configuration files stored on the system, executing processes, libraries, accounts, and open ports.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b72b7dfd-f134-4324-84b8-52ff13fc6b5c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses. Perform periodic integrity checks of the device to validate the correctness of the firmware, software, programs, and configurations. Integrity checks, which typically include cryptographic hashes or digital signatures, should be compared to those obtained at known valid states, especially after events like device reboots, program downloads, or program restarts.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0d74479-86d2-465d-bf36-903ebecef43e", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c790953b-62a5-4ded-b31c-b0825329ad2e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide the ability to verify the integrity of control logic or programs loaded on a controller. While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically strong and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5bf8473c-3c60-4a8a-8514-c2b50ab8a92d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide the ability to verify the integrity of control logic or programs loaded on a controller. While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically strong and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--65a45501-10de-46a2-89bf-03bbf17aba33", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform integrity checks of firmware before uploading it on a device. Utilize cryptographic hashes to verify the firmware has not been tampered with by comparing it a trusted hash of the firmware. This could be from a trusted data sources (e.g., vendor site) or through a third-party verification service.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--1c3d966a-5995-48ed-919d-25b972010fe9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide the ability to verify the integrity of control logic or programs loaded on a controller. While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically strong and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--8f5d517c-b1ba-4848-92ad-f5a4355b3898", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide the ability to verify the integrity of control logic or programs loaded on a controller. While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically strong and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--f9aa3364-a1eb-4776-ae03-c39b250545a0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Review the integrity of project files to verify they have not been modified by adversary behavior. Verify a cryptographic hash for the file with a known trusted version, or look for other indicators of modification (e.g., timestamps).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5de6bf53-0a02-439b-a8d0-248fa9640a36", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Audit the integrity of PLC operating system functionality, such as the manipulation of standard function blocks (e.g., Organizational Blocks) that manage the execution of application logic programs.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0491ef92-2941-4841-9fe6-2e1809788b52", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses. Perform periodic integrity checks of the device to validate the correctness of the firmware, software, programs, and configurations. Integrity checks, which typically include cryptographic hashes or digital signatures, should be compared to those obtained at known valid states, especially after events like device reboots, program downloads, or program restarts.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--04fa6b94-d633-40ff-9ab2-88f58c07c3e1", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform integrity checks of firmware before uploading it on a device. Utilize cryptographic hashes to verify the firmware has not been tampered with by comparing it a trusted hash of the firmware. This could be from a trusted data sources (e.g., vendor site) or through a third-party verification service.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--baf7daf3-2116-4051-91b5-f82e146167d0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Routinely audit source code, application configuration files, open repositories, and public cloud storage for insecure use and storage of credentials.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ff3f0668-98df-44c1-88c2-711f05720eb8", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Restrict configurations changes and firmware updating abilities to only authorized individuals.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--1013a29f-70b5-4fda-a510-2c3477618d62", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--50c20ad6-d88f-467a-954b-cc469f1723e6", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All remotely accessible services should implement access control mechanisms to restrict the information or services accessible to users.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b8f6d6a8-e668-4596-8ec2-41c5d1bd211d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2c2a7347-94de-4e83-a50e-1a4bbd4db17b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanisms.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6b5fd6d8-ef70-4896-b1a4-7b6c29c3a0d4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5da973cf-d956-4bbe-890d-34fc4c28040c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All remotely accessible services should implement access control mechanisms to restrict the information or services accessible to users.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--754521fc-4306-4daa-831b-6b6fb45847e2", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All APIs used to perform execution, especially those hosted on embedded controllers (e.g., PLCs), should provide adequate authorization enforcement of user access. Minimize user's access to only required API calls.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--33be9511-60ea-4142-930f-15a00a4448b9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Systems and devices should restrict access to any data with confidentiality concerns, including location information.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6b5d2643-b399-43aa-8ab1-7557a0446b07", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Only authorized personnel should be able to change settings for alarms.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e6be2fb4-3815-4e52-8dec-2aed1dc3b7cf", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--243ad7b2-546c-4bf2-a3c0-1438b13e197d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Automation protocols (e.g., OPC, DNP3) can restrict access to certain 'points'/requests based on a user's or device's privilege, this can prevent an unauthorized user from identifying certain point or tag identifiers. For example, DNP3-SA requires challenge-response authentication for certain DNP3 requests, similar techniques could be extended more broadly to other points or tags.\n\nSystems and devices should restrict access to any data with potential confidentiality concerns, including point and tag information.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a7caa7f2-cfb9-4fc9-ae8d-49349b6c260f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5ae1cf3a-2603-4bf9-ace3-5b1ee5d8d757", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict program uploads to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--eeeff03f-7436-4f76-8591-42075e6647d4", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict operating mode changes to only required authenticated users (e.g., engineers, field technicians), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism. Further, physical mechanisms (e.g., keys) can also be used to limit unauthorized operating mode changes.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0c284ce0-0be2-4164-b686-7c383b246aec", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory. Technologies such as Intel Boot Guard can assist with this.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a47cd7b9-2b73-480c-a8ab-2dfa908e02ea", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory. 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If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--eaec9abc-730e-4dda-92db-e289f6bccf7b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. 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In addition, providing communication authenticity around various discovery protocols, such as DNS, can be used to prevent various MITM procedures.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b628d878-4f35-4580-8d42-26984d13821e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. 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If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--234da455-b795-4788-bc5d-22b4b58b2dc7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6e3c2c04-0838-4863-80a7-d73ef5ac6a64", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--12a6c5bc-c685-4249-b8c6-e6d49aa2b9ed", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2877063e-1851-48d2-bcc6-bc1d2733157e", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--3ab912a4-70aa-45f8-b2ef-57113dde2cfa", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Do not inherently rely on the authenticity provided by the network/link layer (e.g., 802.11, LTE, 802.15.4), as link layer equipment may have long lifespans and protocol vulnerabilities may not be easily patched. Provide defense-in-depth by implementing authenticity within the associated application-layer protocol, or through a network-layer VPN. Furthermore, ensure communications schemes provide strong replay protection, employing techniques such as timestamps or cryptographic nonces.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6be4cef2-3d54-4cd8-97df-8a8b37c03605", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize central storage servers for critical operations where possible (e.g., historians) and keep remote backups. For outstations, use local redundant storage for event recorders. Have backup control system platforms, preferably as hot-standbys to respond immediately to data destruction event.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e33c7ecc-5a38-497f-beb2-a9a2049a4c20", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--44c857cf-7a4e-405a-87ca-7f6d79000589", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ddc820-6cfb-407f-850b-52c035d123ac", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c2fe42b4-6750-4b51-86b7-6c37fbfdef2d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b8d6e550-18fe-49ad-9964-7802bbe0cb58", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6ad39b3a-a962-457f-852c-be7fc615e22f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--63b6942d-8359-4506-bfb3-cf87aa8120ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--dda89758-9d0b-446d-b594-85acc7f9cb90", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--eecca3e7-4db5-40d4-b04c-13f84701acb3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--578117b2-0f4b-4d75-a2dc-3ee45976e616", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c64f2ed2-f7a7-4333-b0d3-d687ffb7ad6b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise. Maintain and exercise incident response plans, including the management of 'gold-copy' back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response to adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "source_ref": "course-of-action--337c4e2a-21a7-4d9a-bfee-9efd6cebf0e5", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--bc74ff8f-d5fa-40fb-8c0b-f16af3ff36e3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Apply DLP to protect the confidentiality of information related to operational processes, facility locations, device configurations, programs, or databases that may have information that can be used to infer organizational trade-secrets, recipes, and other intellectual property (IP).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7c2edd6c-5189-4ba9-af3d-bdaff4a699ca", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removing or restricting features that are unnecessary to an asset's intended function within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ca64a927-f050-41b3-80d3-93d22cdef26a", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6d36ad87-7dbd-47ec-9d5d-9e5f5c3df896", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider the disabling or removal of features or programs which are not required by that asset's function within the environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--8ca2fe75-9bb3-4af5-8fee-accd33d6d2ec", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure remote commands that enable device shutdown are disabled if they are not necessary. Examples including DNP3's 0x0D function code or unnecessary device management functions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--4369da69-bb09-4cc8-8600-081a450f50e0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a847aa03-ea56-47d1-8f4e-f9e0dd9707a0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removal of remote services which are not regularly in use, or only enabling them when required (e.g. vendor remote access). Ensure all external remote access point (e.g., jump boxes, VPN concentrator) are configured with least functionality, especially the removal of unnecessary services.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--d16e8909-d055-4174-aeb1-22c0613b2f73", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Disable unnecessary legacy network protocols that may be used for MiTM if applicable.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--57067f2e-eba2-4b39-b154-2bd142485c44", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--d8f45959-e0fc-4b4f-a074-a3acea926300", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider the disabling of features such as AutoRun.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--590bdd67-31ef-4edd-b2ac-2bd1b98da19c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removal or disabling of programs and features which may be used to run malicious scripts (e.g., scripting language IDEs, PowerShell, visual studio).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--41b87fd8-6e4d-4e53-a282-c85292fdaa22", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "The encryption of firmware should be considered to prevent adversaries from identifying possible vulnerabilities within the firmware.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c5fd0969-c151-4849-94c2-83e2e208cff7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted when feasible. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--43bdf580-b98f-49cf-92d5-3dac50450c86", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "The encryption of firmware should be considered to prevent adversaries from identifying possible vulnerabilities within the firmware.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2877063e-1851-48d2-bcc6-bc1d2733157e", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b363cbbb-679c-47e0-8ad0-af98ebf51e60", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize strong cryptographic techniques and protocols to prevent eavesdropping on network communications.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--50a2b289-7bce-405d-8515-c2b5424cce5c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Information which is sensitive to the operation and architecture of the process environment may be encrypted to ensure confidentiality and restrict access to only those who need to know.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--4798d35e-5df7-4f9c-b5bd-354669aecf2c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider implementing full disk encryption, especially if engineering workstations are transient assets that are more likely to be lost, stolen, or tampered with.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--15ee5b5e-2b62-45f8-82c0-1bee67ba07f9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Encrypt sensitive location data when feasible to prevent unauthorized access.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--09977105-562f-4f45-a151-27a11a18031e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "The encryption of firmware should be considered to prevent adversaries from identifying possible vulnerabilities within the firmware.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c78f497f-01c3-4efb-aa74-92b700b9c02b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "When at rest, project files should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized changes.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--cf8ac499-8c1c-4615-b933-7587f1b9488b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "The encryption of firmware should be considered to prevent adversaries from identifying possible vulnerabilities within the firmware.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--cb4d802e-df5b-4017-81dd-47f65fff23a3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Encrypt any operational data with strong confidentiality requirements, including organizational trade-secrets, recipes, and other intellectual property (IP).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--75366cbf-e45f-4cfd-9e76-5af4dfe10766", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Execution prevention may block malicious software from accessing protected resources through the command line interface.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--3d676c1b-2650-4599-8a57-790c55f9977d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize the exposure of API calls that allow the execution of code.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--cca191a1-3c50-4d4f-8f79-4247e58af610", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use tools that restrict program execution via application control by attributes other than file name for common system and application utilities.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2f64b5aa-7e4d-4a5e-9960-69a63ad25083", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Execution prevention may prevent malicious scripts from accessing protected resources.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--07f4d65d-4572-450f-8cb2-908fee97bd67", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Application control may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e5afc447-a241-4773-9a8a-3d6fd205d926", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize exploit protection to prevent activities which may be exploited through malicious web sites.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ad7fd147-066e-4ed5-aa9d-7b2f1771150d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Web Application Firewalls may be used to limit exposure of applications to prevent exploit traffic from reaching the application.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--238f967a-0c29-4aa3-bbb5-3dc593473bbf", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for all software or services targeted.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--47f15a06-8675-4698-833d-bd141ed9e755", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for all software or services targeted.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ee89466e-0655-4217-844d-fb8ea4f76247", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Filter for protocols and payloads associated with firmware activation or updating activity.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--9a44b2a8-9f4c-43df-9174-1cba6e165886", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Allow/denylists can be used to block access when excessive I/O connections are detected from a system or device during a specified time period.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--fc786a05-2ad9-4c3c-a4c4-b85cd12ded88", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize allow/denylists to prevent any unauthorized network messages used to change program state, including any messages that may change the programs running on a device.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7bfaf0ff-6d88-460f-aa32-3fb0267b4f20", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Traffic to known anonymity networks and C2 infrastructure can be blocked through the use of network allow and block lists. 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The authentication mechanisms should also support Account Use Policies, Password Policies, and User Account Management", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--85a55000-f88e-4331-9dad-0fa779d9a52e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. The authentication mechanisms should also support Account Use Policies, Password Policies, and User Account Management.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0a5d2136-e1f5-4a54-be64-a558f918bf0d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. The authentication mechanisms should also support Account Use Policies, Password Policies, and User Account Management.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--f15f6e89-ad73-4962-ba7b-81d060ae3aa3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All remote services should require strong authentication before providing user access.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--49d38b21-5ce5-48d9-a356-639fc6c7a53d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. 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"source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b5bb5ec3-aa3c-4734-8425-4be80c5658a9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "This technique may not be effectively mitigated against, consider controls for assets and processes that lead to the use of this technique.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5804ae3d-0daf-47a5-b026-d42878f55803", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--d854cc38-adf7-485d-96b5-70606f6cb87e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system host files to specify what external connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in the Filter Network Traffic mitigation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--3dde2b07-7c30-4a18-a9df-f85db84f9b14", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use host-based allowlists to prevent devices from accepting connections from unauthorized systems. For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b960c5ed-1ea8-4dde-9203-c02d291d3bc6", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use host-based allowlists to prevent devices from accepting connections from unauthorized systems. For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ab60fe4a-5860-410a-8bca-2cdbea95e5f8", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use host-based allowlists to prevent devices from accepting connections from unauthorized systems. For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7dedeb73-ef90-4282-a635-cc37326773af", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7411b05d-209a-4907-83ce-00ab1538fbac", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b13417ea-d8da-497f-818f-d2d90562039a", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that can identify traffic patterns indicative of MiTM activity can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a4ead3e8-f1ce-4d8e-a801-cb20f8e241e3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c69eab3c-861c-45f5-8858-a595fcc7e6f6", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--9a607f89-85b8-4fba-8eb7-7e4900ea693f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5be1f2b1-75fd-4e7e-901b-495cee4ab5ad", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b1d993d5-9e7e-4043-a651-07c7b5ad5a6b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "If a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--f15f24d2-e581-46ce-83e4-a924f572aae6", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2900bbd8-308a-4274-b074-5b8bde8347bc", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b1768154-221c-48be-ab2b-549ec1eddafb", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a08d85dd-a8b3-4848-94aa-941c43b6d8f2", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Prevent unauthorized systems from accessing control servers or field devices containing industrial information, especially services used for common automation protocols (e.g., DNP3, OPC).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--51eca7b9-6330-48a8-badd-65ed3e9d3639", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Restrict unauthorized devices from accessing serial comm ports.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--56672ea4-cbf0-4a3e-8aed-edcc7d33133b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--438229aa-e593-4eb6-961e-2d82c429edf8", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--bde941c6-2ca0-4f94-9336-027e7eee15a1", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Configure internal and external firewalls to block traffic using common ports that associate to network protocols that may be unnecessary for that particular network segment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--dcb74406-f7b2-4eae-8da7-07ad5a3c99d6", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--61d4d944-a75f-4830-9199-937658b9bec9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider placing the historian into a demilitarized zone (DMZ) to allow access from enterprise networks, while protecting the control system network.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--eac550b4-3bd2-4309-8b37-b797dd0bd8a7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a36e7ebf-d667-4f16-b3d4-cb241e15c9d0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--45ee1822-71e4-4d92-976d-306561b70555", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ff87ed0a-87bd-46cb-aacc-19c439250923", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment and control software movement between business and OT environments by way of one directional DMZs. Web access should be restricted from the OT environment. Engineering workstations, including transient cyber assets (TCAs) should have minimal connectivity to external networks, including Internet and email, further limit the extent to which these devices are dual-homed to multiple networks.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--fcb7733f-553d-43de-a8c6-c85a5cd65041", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment externally facing servers and services from the rest of the network with a DMZ or on separate hosting infrastructure.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--63323b12-86db-4b91-a701-90daf3f98f7c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment networks and systems appropriately to reduce access to critical system and services communications.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--220140ac-d927-4d86-9335-c04aa6ee3c61", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls. Consider a jump server or host into the DMZ for greater access control. Leverage this DMZ or corporate resources for vendor access.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--33215dfa-53d0-4bd7-a15d-cec9315c7c4d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls. Steps should be taken to periodically inventory internet accessible devices to determine if it differs from the expected.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--35cf6922-d48f-42ea-b7f5-f0258892bd52", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access. This may mitigate, or at least alleviate, the scope of MiTM activity.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--19ab6776-42de-48af-975a-568d31a3bb66", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--86d45e92-80ba-4f97-b3a3-03ad3469658b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--1964c6f5-7c11-42e7-ad3c-e9bf8d70ae54", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--34d4101b-b4c9-4ea3-a84d-81e84e7f5033", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment networks and systems appropriately to reduce access to critical system and services communications.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c7aac6c9-da16-46e2-8cfa-dca07a0a7562", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--8fcecf74-36df-41ab-9476-539c9ac0b339", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--671043a9-337f-411a-9ca9-3112e897ab09", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--61668e93-6d9d-418d-9fbd-2d88c3a66544", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--3427eddf-7846-4e52-8339-0f38e60a2d03", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Prevent unauthorized systems from accessing control servers or field devices containing industrial information, especially services used for common automation protocols (e.g., DNP3, OPC).", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--9cca3120-c95e-4f5e-bc4b-0521ab5cc512", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--531e0589-0dad-444d-aca4-6198ba5d9fcd", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0ff88ef7-44fd-4307-b381-2e0bc76ce83b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure proper network segmentation between higher level corporate resources and the control process environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a74c14e2-eb8a-47bb-b64d-20aad9154297", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--206cc4c8-797e-427b-86f1-4c81df391c6e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational assets and their management devices based on their functional role within the process. Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e6e0ef82-2cb6-43fe-8f4a-b9e4d5a57b13", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment operational network and systems to restrict access to critical system functions to predetermined management systems.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--604a9bf0-81a3-425b-9005-779c4f0f749d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Harden the system through operating system controls to prevent the known or unknown use of malicious removable media.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--99c746d7-a08a-4169-94f9-b8c0dad716fa", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--be5a616f-473e-4a21-92fd-b9aa6f555232", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protect information that may disclose locations of key physical assets.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "source_ref": "course-of-action--99c746d7-a08a-4169-94f9-b8c0dad716fa", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--69576d3c-d0e8-459e-9f2e-0b9c560b2e04", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Example mitigations could include minimizing its distribution/storage or obfuscating the information (e.g., facility coverterms, codenames). In many cases this information may be necessary to support critical engineering, maintenance, or operational functions, therefore, it may not be feasible to implement.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2900bbd8-308a-4274-b074-5b8bde8347bc", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c9395e2a-afaf-427c-bcb2-ae663d72c05c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide an alternative method for alarms to be reported in the event of a communication failure.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0c9ed09d-4ce3-4e65-845a-c21dcc5d956f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide an alternative method for sending critical commands message to outstations, this could include using radio/cell communication to send messages to a field technician that physically performs the control function.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2c8dd182-e0a1-469d-aa65-7a1f734d9b46", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide an alternative method for sending critical report messages to operators, this could include using radio/cell communication to obtain messages from field technicians that can locally obtain telemetry and status data.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7d0ec383-4c5d-474d-9262-3f3c0d6c05b1", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure devices have an alternative method for communicating in the event that a valid COM port is unavailable.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e33c7ecc-5a38-497f-beb2-a9a2049a4c20", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--2089201c-c1c6-4d92-a737-a6499e26ee7f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide operators with redundant, out-of-band communication to support monitoring and control of the operational processes, especially when recovering from a network outage. Out-of-band communication should utilize diverse systems and technologies to minimize common failure modes and vulnerabilities within the communications infrastructure. For example, wireless networks (e.g., 3G, 4G) can be used to provide diverse and redundant delivery of data.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ddc820-6cfb-407f-850b-52c035d123ac", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--18ef2d69-d11a-4d31-a803-da989c4073f7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide operators with redundant, out-of-band communication to support monitoring and control of the operational processes, especially when recovering from a network outage. Out-of-band communication should utilize diverse systems and technologies to minimize common failure modes and vulnerabilities within the communications infrastructure. For example, wireless networks (e.g., 3G, 4G) can be used to provide diverse and redundant delivery of data.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--52c7176b-431d-44a6-8c03-7c15a8cf6ce1", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide operators with redundant, out-of-band communication to support monitoring and control of the operational processes, especially when recovering from a network outage. 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Out-of-band communication should utilize diverse systems and technologies to minimize common failure modes and vulnerabilities within the communications infrastructure. For example, wireless networks (e.g., 3G, 4G) can be used to provide diverse and redundant delivery of data.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--52855d5d-e835-470f-a675-751c2779c861", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize out-of-band communication to validate the integrity of data from the primary channel.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--520aad6a-2483-45bc-a172-2417137f6ca0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize out-of-band communication to validate the integrity of data from the primary channel.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--58cb4cb5-4b0f-4ce0-b3f9-5deb9de31c52", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize out-of-band communication to validate the integrity of data from the primary channel.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349", "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--33486e89-f0f4-4507-9f13-48a8f22c8ac8", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Review vendor documents and security alerts for potentially unknown or overlooked default credentials within existing devices", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--98f1d575-a975-42ae-8b00-2c9e22d560d5", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a1383f2a-2ee2-47df-a661-8904a7535e0c", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Applications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e8eaac2d-a4bf-408f-b24f-14471db7059b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit the information that may be impacted by malicious users or software.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--ba010007-6dde-4c9d-8452-69527cd1c2ba", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit the information that may be exposed or collected by malicious users or software.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--bc3744d6-9275-4d91-8888-16d5f4d5187b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use least privilege for service accounts.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a78e727c-8e42-448c-beb4-463804e18be0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit impact of exploitation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--26fdd07e-d194-4f8e-a9af-d5b2f1d0222e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Restrict root or administrator access on user accounts to limit the ability to capture promiscuous traffic on a network through common packet capture tools.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--111f437a-c67d-40e4-9515-7e9b22e65eff", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Audit domain and local accounts and their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain system wide access with stolen privileged account credentials. These audits should also identify if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e33c7ecc-5a38-497f-beb2-a9a2049a4c20", "source_ref": "course-of-action--f0f5c87a-a58d-440a-b3b5-ca679d98c6dd", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--99ec0a8e-4a4f-427c-89db-163e4b206021", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Hot-standbys in diverse locations can ensure continued operations if the primarily system are compromised or unavailable. 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"attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--86f1655a-db46-4d49-9051-6653da83eb13", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protect files stored locally with proper permissions to limit opportunities for adversaries to interact and collect information from databases.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--92d1fd4f-6cc7-4db5-82f8-f8caa5ff59f0", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": 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}, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--0e4f272b-d744-4feb-9f3f-c24c3598538f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure proper registry permissions are in place to inhibit adversaries from disabling or interfering with critical services.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--fcd3fdbf-4909-48ab-85c4-ce4b34172eb0", "type": "relationship", "created": 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"object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7bb5fae9-53ad-4424-866b-f0ea2a8b731d", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--20a0d820-59ef-42fc-9f56-7a93d1ce7a84", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "If it is possible to inspect HTTPS traffic, the captures can be analyzed for connections that appear to be domain fronting.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--83ebd22f-b401-4d59-8219-2294172cf916", "source_ref": "course-of-action--da44255d-85c5-492c-baf3-ee823d44f848", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": 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If feasible, use modern operating systems and software to reduce exposure to known vulnerabilities.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--6f2c2043-6487-467a-bb49-e8cd2509ae9f", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and public disclosure.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--97c5b388-518a-46ec-b2b0-41bfa6a83204", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--e0d101cc-1284-4e88-82d6-227fe5d19d8a", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--03d44496-7a15-4e23-820f-b6f1079dbbd3", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "A patch management process should be implemented to check unused dependencies, unmaintained and/or previously vulnerable dependencies, unnecessary features, components, files, and documentation.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a75ddacf-e87e-4a99-83f2-618486473163", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Patch the BIOS and EFI as necessary.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--b9632b4d-43c3-4bfa-88e0-629245acb8eb", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure users and user groups have appropriate permissions for their roles through Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent misuse. Implement user accounts for each individual that may access the repositories for role enforcement and non-repudiation of actions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--a7fbe555-a61b-4b93-bfb2-8e0dd0d6323e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider utilizing jump boxes for external remote access. Additionally, dynamic account management may be used to easily remove accounts when not in use.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--7fdaa9be-aecf-459f-b028-7c35dc8b6451", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only designated administrators or engineers can interact with alarm management and alarm configuration thresholds.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--01b4a92f-da42-4dfa-8d59-53709b65940e", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can change service states and configurations.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--1fc147bd-d6ab-4beb-908b-0fbe8e125b76", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure users and user groups have appropriate permissions for their roles through Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls. Implement strict IAM controls to prevent access to systems except for the applications, users, and services that require access. Implement user accounts for each individual for enforcement and non-repudiation of actions.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--f497fd3e-8f05-4db2-97cc-48a8d35a8827", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored in repositories.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--81ca994a-b350-424d-8f39-a0b64aa76260", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--71c9db9c-6f0c-4e33-a20a-dcd5b791a49a", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness to common phishing and spearphishing techniques and how to raise suspicion for potentially malicious events.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--968830b7-ee80-4a6e-96a4-9fc70470e4a9", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and public disclosure.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--1f87378c-49fb-4da5-8ed3-3672633d3713", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Regularly scan the internal network for available services to identify new and potentially vulnerable services.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--c67e3535-69a9-4234-8170-4ad6efc632b7", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Implement continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources. Also, use automatic and manual code review tools.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "source_ref": "course-of-action--98aa0d61-fc9d-4b2d-8f18-b25d03549f53", "modified": "2020-09-29T18:58:17.429Z", "id": "relationship--5d0a7979-0420-4fd1-b5ad-cb5565cbdf9d", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "System and process restarts should be performed when a timeout condition occurs.", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ] }, { "aliases": [ "ALLANITE", "Palmetto Fusion" ], "type": "intrusion-set", "name": "ALLANITE", "description": "[ALLANITE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009) is a suspected Russian cyber espionage group, that has primarily targeted the electric utility sector within the United States and United Kingdom. The group's tactics and techniques are reportedly similar to [Dragonfly](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0002) / [Dragonfly 2.0](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0006), although ALLANITE’s technical capabilities have not exhibited disruptive or destructive abilities. It has been suggested that the group maintains a presence in ICS for the purpose of gaining understanding of processes and to maintain persistence. (Citation: Dragos ALLANITE)", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "G1000", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0009" }, { "description": "(Citation: Dragos ALLANITE)", "source_name": "ALLANITE" }, { "source_name": "Dragos ALLANITE", "description": "Dragon. (n.d.). Allanite. Retrieved October 27, 2019", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/allanite/" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.307Z", "id": "intrusion-set--190242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", "modified": "2020-01-05T23:05:19.419Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.3", "id": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0064", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064" }, { "source_name": "APT33", "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)" }, { "source_name": "HOLMIUM", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)" }, { "source_name": "Elfin", "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)" }, { "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017", "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html" }, { "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017", "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683" }, { "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020", "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020.", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019", "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage" } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "name": "APT33", "aliases": [ "APT33", "HOLMIUM", "Elfin" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has carried out operations since at least 2013. The group has targeted organizations across multiple industries in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, with a particular interest in the aviation and energy sectors. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-07-01T15:48:20.759Z" }, { "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "id": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0035", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035" }, { "source_name": "Dragonfly", "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)" }, { "source_name": "TG-4192", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)" }, { "source_name": "Crouching Yeti", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)" }, { "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)" }, { "source_name": "Energetic Bear", "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019", "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/resurgent-iron-liberty-targeting-energy-sector" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group" }, { "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017", "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/" }, { "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY ", "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019", "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019", "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector" } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "aliases": [ "Dragonfly", "TG-4192", "Crouching Yeti", "IRON LIBERTY", "Energetic Bear" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "modified": "2020-10-14T22:42:00.531Z", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:05.217Z", "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) Dragonfly is a cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2011. They initially targeted defense and aviation companies but shifted to focus on the energy sector in early 2013. They have also targeted companies related to industrial control systems. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)\n\nA similar group emerged in 2015 and was identified by Symantec as [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074). There is debate over the extent of the overlap between [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) and [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "name": "Dragonfly" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.3", "id": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0074", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074" }, { "source_name": "Dragonfly 2.0", "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)" }, { "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY)" }, { "source_name": "DYMALLOY", "description": "(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )" }, { "source_name": "Berserk Bear", "description": "(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)" }, { "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A", "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group" }, { "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017", "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/" }, { "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY ", "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019", "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY", "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). IRON LIBERTY. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-liberty" } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "aliases": [ "Dragonfly 2.0", "IRON LIBERTY", "DYMALLOY", "Berserk Bear" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "modified": "2020-10-15T20:14:58.980Z", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) is a suspected Russian group that has targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors since at least March 2016. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) There is debate over the extent of overlap between [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) and [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "name": "Dragonfly 2.0" }, { "aliases": [ "HEXANE", "Lyceum" ], "type": "intrusion-set", "name": "HEXANE", "description": "[HEXANE](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0005) is a threat group that has targeted ICS organization within the oil & gas, and telecommunications sectors. Many of the targeted organizations have been located in the Middle East including Kuwait. HEXANE's targeting of telecommunications has been speculated to be part of an effort to establish man-in-the-middle capabilities throughout the region. HEXANE's TTPs appear similar to [APT33](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0003) and [OilRig](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0010) but due to differences in victims and tools it is tracked as a separate entity. (Citation: Dragos Hexane Oct 2019)", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "G1001", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0005" }, { "description": "(Citation: Dragos Hexane Oct 2019)", "source_name": "HEXANE" }, { "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks LYCEUM August 2019)", "source_name": "Lyceum" }, { "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). Hexane. Retrieved October 27, 2019", "source_name": "Dragos Hexane Oct 2019", "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/hexane/" }, { "description": "SecureWorks. (2019, August 27). LYCEUM Takes Center Stage in Middle East Campaign. Retrieved November 19, 2019.", "source_name": "SecureWorks LYCEUM Nov 2019", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lyceum-takes-center-stage-in-middle-east-campaign" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "intrusion-set--f29b7c5e-2439-42ad-a86f-9f8984fafae3", "modified": "2020-01-05T20:13:49.069Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.1" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.4", "id": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0032", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032" }, { "source_name": "Lazarus Group", "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)" }, { "source_name": "HIDDEN COBRA", "description": "The U.S. Government refers to malicious cyber activity by the North Korean government as HIDDEN COBRA.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)" }, { "source_name": "Guardians of Peace", "description": "(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "ZINC", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017)" }, { "source_name": "NICKEL ACADEMY", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017)" }, { "source_name": "US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017", "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korea\u2019s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A" }, { "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Lazarus KillDisk", "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/" }, { "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017", "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/" }, { "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019", "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A" }, { "source_name": "Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017", "description": "Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2017/12/19/microsoft-facebook-disrupt-zinc-malware-attack-protect-customers-internet-ongoing-cyberthreats/" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017", "description": "Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing" } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "aliases": [ "Lazarus Group", "HIDDEN COBRA", "Guardians of Peace", "ZINC", "NICKEL ACADEMY" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "modified": "2020-10-02T16:21:21.624Z", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:03.807Z", "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is a threat group that has been attributed to the North Korean government.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) The group has been active since at least 2009 and was reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment as part of a campaign named Operation Blockbuster by Novetta. Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain. (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) In late 2017, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) used KillDisk, a disk-wiping tool, in an attack against an online casino based in Central America. (Citation: Lazarus KillDisk)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is known to encompass a broad range of activity. Some organizations use the name Lazarus Group to refer to any activity attributed to North Korea.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) Some organizations track North Korean clusters or groups such as Bluenoroff,(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), and [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) separately, while other organizations may track some activity associated with those group names by the name Lazarus Group.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "name": "Lazarus Group" }, { "aliases": [ "Leafminer", "Raspite" ], "type": "intrusion-set", "name": "Leafminer", "description": "[Leafminer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0004) is an Iranian threat group that has targeted government organizations and business entities in the Middle East since at least early 2017. (Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "G1002", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Group/G0004" }, { "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", "source_name": "Leafminer" }, { "description": "(Citation: Dragos Raspite Aug 2018)", "source_name": "Raspite" }, { "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" }, { "description": "Dragos, Inc. (2018, August 2). RASPITE. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", "source_name": "Dragos Raspite Aug 2018", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/blog/20180802Raspite.html" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", "modified": "2020-01-05T02:35:41.873Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.4", "type": "intrusion-set", "modified": "2020-10-15T23:59:31.684Z", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has targeted Middle Eastern and international victims since at least 2014. The group has targeted a variety of industries, including financial, government, energy, chemical, and telecommunications, and has largely focused its operations within the Middle East. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. FireEye assesses that the group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests. (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity.", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0049", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049" }, { "source_name": "OilRig", "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)" }, { "source_name": "IRN2", "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)" }, { "source_name": "HELIX KITTEN", "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)" }, { "source_name": "APT34", "description": "This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity. (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)" }, { "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig April 2017", "description": "Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/" }, { "source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017", "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/" }, { "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/" }, { "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016", "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/" }, { "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" }, { "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html" }, { "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018", "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/" }, { "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Robert Falcone", "Bryan Lee" ], "aliases": [ "OilRig", "IRN2", "HELIX KITTEN", "APT34" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "name": "OilRig" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "id": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0034", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034" }, { "source_name": "Sandworm Team", "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014) (Citation: InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014)" }, { "source_name": "ELECTRUM", "description": "(Citation: Dragos ELECTRUM)" }, { "source_name": "Telebots", "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)" }, { "source_name": "IRON VIKING", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )" }, { "source_name": "BlackEnergy (Group)", "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)" }, { "source_name": "Quedagh", "description": "Based on similarities between TTPs, malware, and targeting, Sandworm Team and Quedagh appear to refer to the same group. (Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)" }, { "source_name": "VOODOO BEAR", "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)" }, { "source_name": "iSIGHT Sandworm 2014", "description": "Hultquist, J.. (2016, January 7). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html" }, { "source_name": "CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR", "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, January 19). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for January: VOODOO BEAR. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-january-voodoo-bear/" }, { "source_name": "USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020", "description": "Pompeo, M. (2020, February 20). The United States Condemns Russian Cyber Attack Against the Country of Georgia. Retrieved June 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-condemns-russian-cyber-attack-against-the-country-of-georgia/" }, { "source_name": "NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020", "description": "NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory" }, { "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" }, { "source_name": "InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014", "description": "Muncaster, P.. (2014, October 14). Microsoft Zero Day Traced to Russian \u2018Sandworm\u2019 Hackers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", "url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/microsoft-zero-day-traced-russian/" }, { "source_name": "Dragos ELECTRUM", "description": "Dragos. (2017, January 1). ELECTRUM Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/resource/electrum/" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks IRON VIKING ", "description": "Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking" } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "name": "Sandworm Team", "aliases": [ "Sandworm Team", "ELECTRUM", "Telebots", "IRON VIKING", "BlackEnergy (Group)", "Quedagh", "VOODOO BEAR" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:04.588Z", "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) is a destructive Russian threat group that has been attributed to Russian GRU Unit 74455 by the U.S. Department of Justice and U.K. National Cyber Security Centre. [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s most notable attacks include the 2015 and 2016 targeting of Ukrainian electrical companies and 2017's [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attacks. [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has been active since at least 2009.(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014)(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "modified": "2020-07-04T01:56:59.493Z" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "id": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "G0088", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088" }, { "source_name": "TEMP.Veles", "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)" }, { "source_name": "XENOTIME", "description": "The activity group XENOTIME, as defined by Dragos, has overlaps with activity reported upon by FireEye about TEMP.Veles as well as the actors behind TRITON.(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)(Citation: Pylos Xenotime 2019)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 )" }, { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019", "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html" }, { "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018", "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html " }, { "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019", "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Appendix C. Retrieved April 29, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/files/TRITON_Appendix_C.html" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Xenotime 2018", "description": "Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/xenotime/" }, { "source_name": "Pylos Xenotime 2019", "description": "Slowik, J.. (2019, April 12). A XENOTIME to Remember: Veles in the Wild. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://pylos.co/2019/04/12/a-xenotime-to-remember-veles-in-the-wild/" }, { "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 ", "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html " } ], "type": "intrusion-set", "aliases": [ "TEMP.Veles", "XENOTIME" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "modified": "2020-10-04T23:31:36.937Z", "created": "2019-04-16T15:14:38.533Z", "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) is a Russia-based threat group that has targeted critical infrastructure. The group has been observed utilizing TRITON, a malware framework designed to manipulate industrial safety systems.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019)", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "name": "TEMP.Veles" }, { "name": "ACAD/Medre.A", "description": "[ACAD/Medre.A](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0018) is a worm that steals operational information. The worm collects AutoCAD files with drawings. ACAD/Medre.A has the capability to be used for industrial espionage.", "labels": [ "malware" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "ACAD", "Medre.A" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--a4a98eab-b691-45d9-8c48-869ef8fefd57", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1000", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0018" } ] }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) is a backdoor used by [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035). It appears to be custom malware authored by the group or specifically for it. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0093", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", "name": "Backdoor.Oldrea", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Backdoor.Oldrea", "Havex" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "modified": "2020-03-30T02:49:50.902Z" }, { "name": "Bad Rabbit", "description": "[Bad Rabbit](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0005) is a self-propagating (“wormable”) ransomware that affected the transportation sector in Ukraine. (Citation: ESET Bad Rabbit Oct 2017)", "labels": [ "malware" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Bad Rabbit", "Diskcoder.D" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--242622ca-3903-43d5-8aa0-3bbdaa3020ec", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "modified": "2020-01-02T00:14:20.652Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1001", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0005" }, { "description": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/24/bad-rabbit-not-petya-back/", "source_name": "ESET Bad Rabbit Oct 2017", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/24/bad-rabbit-not-petya-back/" }, { "description": "Orkhan Mamedov, Fedor Sinitsyn, Anton Ivanov. (2017, October 27). Bad Rabbit Ransomware. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "Kaspersky Bad Rabbit Oct 2017", "url": "https://securelist.com/bad-rabbit-ransomware/82851/" }, { "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. Retrieved October 27, 2019.", "source_name": "Dragos IT Ransomware for ICS Environments Apr 2019", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/implications-of-it-ransomware-for-ics-environments/" } ] }, { "name": "BlackEnergy 3", "description": "[BlackEnergy 3](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0004) is a malware toolkit that has been used by both criminal and APT actors. It support various plug-ins including a variant of KillDisk. It is known to have been used against the Ukrainian power grid. (Citation: Booz Allen Hamilton)", "labels": [ "malware" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "BlackEnergy 3" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--89ab0ca5-f7e0-4d16-bf2a-17d68117fa4b", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "modified": "2020-01-05T00:14:20.652Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1002", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0004" }, { "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton. (n.d.). When The Lights Went Out. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf" } ] }, { "name": "Conficker", "description": "[Conficker](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0012) is a computer worm that targets Microsoft Windows and was first detected in November 2008. It targets a vulnerability (MS08-067) in Windows OS software and dictionary attacks on administrator passwords to propagate while forming a botnet. Conficker made its way onto computers and removable disk drives in a nuclear power plant. (Citation: Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary)", "labels": [ "malware" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Conficker", "Downadup", "Kido" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--49c04994-1035-4b58-89b7-cf8956e3b423", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "modified": "2019-12-27T00:14:20.652Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1003", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0012" }, { "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2016, April 26). Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "source_name": "Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary", "url": "https://news.softpedia.com/news/on-chernobyl-s-30th-anniversary-malware-shuts-down-german-nuclear-power-plant-503429.shtml" }, { "description": "Symantec. (2015, June 30). Simple steps to protect yourself from the Conficker Worm. Retrieved December 5, 2019.", "source_name": "Symantec Conficker Jun 2015", "url": "https://support.symantec.com/us/en/article.tech93179.html" } ] }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "modified": "2020-03-30T02:07:19.052Z", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:31.188Z", "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) is a malware platform that uses a modular approach to extend functionality after deployment within a target network. (Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0038", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038" }, { "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Duqu" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "name": "Duqu" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "modified": "2020-03-30T16:41:41.805Z", "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z", "description": "Flame is a sophisticated toolkit that has been used to collect information since at least 2010, largely targeting Middle East countries. (Citation: Kaspersky Flame)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0143", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143" }, { "source_name": "Flame", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)" }, { "source_name": "Flamer", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Symantec Beetlejuice)" }, { "source_name": "sKyWIper", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Crysys Skywiper)" }, { "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame", "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Beetlejuice", "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2012, May 31). Flamer: A Recipe for Bluetoothache. Retrieved February 25, 2017.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-recipe-bluetoothache" }, { "source_name": "Crysys Skywiper", "description": "sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer): A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", "url": "https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Flame", "Flamer", "sKyWIper" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "name": "Flame" }, { "name": "Industroyer", "description": "[Industroyer](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001) is a sophisticated piece of malware designed to cause an [Impact](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impact) to the working processes of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically ICSs used in electrical substations.(Citation: ESET Win32/Industroyer) Industroyer was alleged to be used in the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid in December 2016.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride)(Citation: CISA Alert (TA17-163A))(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2019)", "id": "malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Industroyer", "CRASHOVERRIDE" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z", "modified": "2020-01-06T14:35:53.759Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1004", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0001" }, { "source_name": "ESET Win32/Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems. Retrieved September 15, 2017.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride", "description": "Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). Industroyer - Dragos - 201706: Analysis of the Threat to Electic Grid Operations. Retrieved September 18, 2017.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CrashOverride-01.pdf" }, { "source_name": "CISA Alert (TA17-163A)", "description": "CISA. (2017, June 12). Alert (TA17-163A). Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-163A" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018", "description": "Dragos. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2019, August 15). CRASHOVERRIDE: Reassessing the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Event as a Protection-Focused Attack. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE.pdf" } ] }, { "name": "Killdisk", "description": "In 2015 the BlackEnergy malware contained a component called KillDisk. KillDisk's main functionality is to overwrite files with random data, rendering the OS unbootable. (Citation: ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016)", "id": "malware--736a3b71-eccc-48b7-b5ed-adb2b74ca830", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Killdisk" ], "type": "malware", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z", "modified": "2020-01-05T14:35:53.759Z", "external_references": [ { "external_id": "S1005", "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0016" }, { "source_name": "ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (n.d.). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry. Retrieved October 29, 2019.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/" }, { "source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton. (n.d.). When The Lights Went Out. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf" } ] }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.3", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "modified": "2020-03-20T18:56:22.049Z", "created": "2019-04-16T19:00:49.435Z", "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) is ransomware that has been tied to various attacks on European companies. It was first reported upon in January 2019.(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0372", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372" }, { "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019", "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/" }, { "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019", "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "LockerGoga" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "name": "LockerGoga" }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "modified": "2020-06-18T20:27:49.511Z", "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) is malware that was first seen in a worldwide attack starting on June 27, 2017. The main purpose of the malware appeared to be to effectively destroy data and disk structures on compromised systems. Though [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) presents itself as a form of ransomware, it appears likely that the attackers never intended to make the encrypted data recoverable. As such, [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) may be more appropriately thought of as a form of wiper malware. [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) contains worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network using the SMBv1 exploits EternalBlue and EternalRomance.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0368", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368" }, { "source_name": "ExPetr", "description": "(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "Diskcoder.C", "description": "(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "GoldenEye", "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "Petrwrap", "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "Nyetya", "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)" }, { "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017", "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html" }, { "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017", "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A" }, { "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017", "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "NotPetya", "ExPetr", "Diskcoder.C", "GoldenEye", "Petrwrap", "Nyetya" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "name": "NotPetya" }, { "name": "PLC-Blaster", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009) is a piece of proof-of-concept malware that runs on Siemens S7 PLCs. This worm locates other Siemens S7 PLCs on the network and attempts to infect them. Once this worm has infected its target and attempted to infect other devices on the network, the worm can then run one of many modules.(Citation: BlackHat PLC-Blaster Mar 2016)(Citation: BlackHat PLC-Blaster 2016)", "id": "malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "malware", "x_mitre_aliases": [ "PLC-Blaster" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "modified": "2020-01-02T22:01:15.893Z", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "S1006", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0009" }, { "source_name": "BlackHat PLC-Blaster Mar 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Brüggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017." }, { "source_name": "BlackHat PLC-Blaster 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf. (2016). PLC-Blaster. Retrieved June 6, 2019.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC.pdf" } ] }, { "name": "Ryuk", "description": "[Ryuk](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0011) is ransomware that was first seen targeting large organizations for high-value ransoms in August of 2018. Ryuk temporarily disrupted operations at a manufacturing firm in 2018.(Citation: Crowdstrike Ryuk)", "id": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "malware", "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Ryuk" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "modified": "2020-01-03T22:01:15.893Z", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "S1007", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0011" }, { "source_name": "Crowdstrike Ryuk", "description": "Alexander Hanel. (n.d.). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved November 3, 2019.", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/" }, { "source_name": "DarkReading Ryuk", "description": "Kelly Jackson Higgins. (n.d.). How a Manufacturing Firm Recovered from a Devastating Ransomware Attack. Retrieved November 3, 2019.", "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/how-a-manufacturing-firm-recovered-from-a-devastating-ransomware-attack/d/d-id/1334760" } ] }, { "name": "Stuxnet", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010) was the first publicly reported piece of malware to specifically target industrial control systems devices. Stuxnet is a large and complex piece of malware that utilized multiple different complex tactics including multiple zero-day vulnerabilites, a sophisticated Windows rootkit, and network infection routines.(Citation: Wired W32.Stuxnet Dossier Feb 2011)(Citation: Symantec W32.Stuxnet Writeup)(Citation: CISA ICS Advisory (ICSA-10-238-01B))(Citation: SCADAhacker Stuxnet Mitigation Jan 2014)", "id": "malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "malware", "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Stuxnet" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "modified": "2020-01-03T22:01:15.893Z", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "S1008", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0010" }, { "source_name": "Wired W32.Stuxnet Dossier Feb 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). Retrieved September 22, 2017.", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Symantec W32.Stuxnet Writeup", "description": "Jarrad Shearer. (n.d.). W32.Stuxnet Writeup. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2010-071400-3123-99" }, { "source_name": "CISA ICS Advisory (ICSA-10-238-01B)", "description": "CISA. (2014, January 08). Stuxnet Malware Mitigation (Update B). Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-10-238-01B" }, { "source_name": "SCADAhacker Stuxnet Mitigation Jan 2014", "description": "Joel Langill. (2014, January 21). Stuxnet Mitigation. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://scadahacker.com/resources/stuxnet-mitigation.html" }, { "source_name": "Langer Stuxnet Analysis Nov 2013", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf" } ] }, { "name": "Triton", "description": "[Triton](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013) is an attack framework built to interact with Triconex Safety Instrumented System (SIS) controllers.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)(Citation: Dragos TRISIS Dec 2017)(Citation: CISA MAR-17-352-01 HatMan)(Citation: Schneider Electric TRITON Jan 2018)(Citation: Triton - A Report From The Trenches Mar 2019)(Citation: Schneider Electric Dec 2018)(Citation: MidnightBlueLabs TRITON Jan 2018)", "id": "malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "malware", "x_mitre_aliases": [ "Triton", "TRISIS", "HatMan" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "modified": "2020-01-02T22:01:15.893Z", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "S1009", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0013" }, { "source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html" }, { "source_name": "Dragos TRISIS Dec 2017", "description": "Dragos. (2017, December 13). TRISIS Malware Analysis of Safety System Targeted Malware. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/trisis/TRISIS-01.pdf" }, { "source_name": "CISA MAR-17-352-01 HatMan", "description": "DHS CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan—Safety System Targeted Malware (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Schneider Electric TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Schneider Electric. (2018, January 23). TRITON - Schneider Electric Analysis and Disclosure. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f09E75bWvkk&index=3&list=PL8OWO1qWXF4qYG19p7An4Vw3N2YZ86aRS&t=0s" }, { "source_name": "Triton - A Report From The Trenches Mar 2019", "description": "Julian Gutmanis. (2019, March 11). Triton - A Report From The Trenches. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwSJ8hloGvY" }, { "source_name": "Schneider Electric Dec 2018", "description": "Schneider Electric. (2018, December 14). Security Notification - EcoStruxure Triconex Tricon V3. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", "url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Technical+leaflet&p_File_Name=SEVD-2017-347-01+Triconex+V3.pdf&p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2017-347-01" }, { "source_name": "MidnightBlueLabs TRITON Jan 2018", "description": "Jos Wetzels. (2018, January 16). Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "https://www.midnightbluelabs.com/blog/2018/1/16/analyzing-the-triton-industrial-malware" }, { "source_name": "CISA ICS Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02)", "description": "ICS-CERT. (2018, December 18). Advisory (ICSA-18-107-02) - Schneider Electric Triconex Tricon (Update B). Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-18-107-02" }, { "source_name": "MITRE CVE-2018-8872", "description": "MITRE. (2018, May 04). CVE-2018-8872. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8872" }, { "source_name": "CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer", "description": "Common Weakness Enumeration. (2019, January 03). CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer. Retrieved March 8, 2019.", "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/119.html" }, { "source_name": "The Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation", "description": "The Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. (n.d.). Triconex Topical Report 7286-545-1. Retrieved May 30, 2018.", "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1209/ML120900890.pdf" }, { "source_name": "MDudek-ICS Triton", "description": "MDudek-ICS. (n.d.). TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN. Retrieved November 3, 2019.", "url": "https://github.com/MDudek-ICS/TRISIS-TRITON-HATMAN/tree/master/decompiled_code/library" } ] }, { "name": "VPNFilter", "description": "[VPNFilter](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0002) is a multi-stage, modular platform with versatile capabilities to support both intelligence-collection and destructive cyber attack operations. VPNFilter modules such as its packet sniffer ('ps') can collect traffic that passes through an infected device, allowing the theft of website credentials and monitoring of Modbus SCADA protocols.(Citation: Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018)(Citation: VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019)", "id": "malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d", "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "malware", "x_mitre_aliases": [ "VPNFilter" ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "labels": [ "malware" ], "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", "modified": "2020-01-03T22:01:15.893Z", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "S1010", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Software/S0002" }, { "source_name": "Talos VPNFilter Jun 2018", "description": "William Largent. (2018, June 06). VPNFilter Update - VPNFilter exploits endpoints, targets new devices. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/06/vpnfilter-update.html" }, { "source_name": "VPNFilter Deep Dive Mar 2019", "description": "Carl Hurd. (2019, March 26). VPNFilter Deep Dive. Retrieved March 28, 2019.", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuZazP22rpI" } ] }, { "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "malware", "labels": [ "malware" ], "modified": "2020-05-13T22:59:51.283Z", "created": "2019-03-25T17:30:17.004Z", "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) is ransomware that was first seen in a global attack during May 2017, which affected more than 150 countries. It contains worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network using the SMBv1 exploit EternalBlue.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: US-CERT WannaCry 2017)(Citation: Washington Post WannaCry 2017)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)", "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-attack", "external_id": "S0366", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366" }, { "source_name": "WanaCry", "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)" }, { "source_name": "WanaCrypt", "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)" }, { "source_name": "WanaCrypt0r", "description": "(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)" }, { "source_name": "WCry", "description": "(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)" }, { "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry", "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/" }, { "source_name": "US-CERT WannaCry 2017", "description": "US-CERT. (2017, May 12). Alert (TA17-132A): Indicators Associated With WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-132A" }, { "source_name": "Washington Post WannaCry 2017", "description": "Dwoskin, E. and Adam, K. (2017, May 14). More than 150 countries affected by massive cyberattack, Europol says. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/more-than-150-countries-affected-by-massive-cyberattack-europol-says/2017/05/14/5091465e-3899-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html?utm_term=.7fa16b41cad4" }, { "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017", "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html" }, { "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis", "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis" } ], "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "id": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "x_mitre_contributors": [ "Jan Miller, CrowdStrike" ], "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "x_mitre_aliases": [ "WannaCry", "WanaCry", "WanaCrypt", "WanaCrypt0r", "WCry" ], "x_mitre_platforms": [ "Windows" ], "name": "WannaCry" }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Collection", "description": "The adversary is trying to gather data of interest and domain knowledge on your ICS environment to inform their goal.\n\nCollection consists of techniques adversaries use to gather domain knowledge and obtain contextual feedback in an ICS environment. This tactic is often performed as part of [Discovery](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Discovery), to compile data on control systems and targets of interest that may be used to follow through on the adversary’s objective. Examples of these techniques include observing operation states, capturing screenshots, identifying unique device roles, and gathering system and diagram schematics. Collection of this data can play a key role in planning, executing, and even revising an ICS-targeted attack. Methods of collection depend on the categories of data being targeted, which can include protocol specific, device specific, and process specific configurations and functionality. Information collected may pertain to a combination of system, supervisory, device, and network related data, which conceptually fall under high, medium, and low levels of plan operations. For example, information repositories on plant data at a high level or device specific programs at a low level. Sensitive floor plans, vendor device manuals, and other references may also be at risk and exposed on the internet or otherwise publicly accessible.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9", "x_mitre_shortname": "collection-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:53.176Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Collection", "external_id": "TA0100" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Command and Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.\n\nCommand and Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to communicate with and send commands to compromised systems, devices, controllers, and platforms with specialized applications used in ICS environments. Examples of these specialized communication devices include human machine interfaces (HMIs), data historians, SCADA servers, and engineering workstations (EWS). Adversaries often seek to use commonly available resources and mimic expected network traffic to avoid detection and suspicion. For instance, commonly used ports and protocols in ICS environments, and even expected IT resources, depending on the target network. Command and Control may be established to varying degrees of stealth, often depending on the victim’s network structure and defenses.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f", "x_mitre_shortname": "command-and-control-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:45:30.644Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Command_and_Control", "external_id": "TA0101" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Discovery", "description": "The adversary is trying to figure out your ICS environment.\n\nDiscovery consists of techniques that adversaries use to survey your ICS environment and gain knowledge about the internal network, control system devices, and how their processes interact. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and determine next steps for target selection and [Lateral Movement](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Lateral_Movement). They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and gain insight on interactions between various control system processes. Discovery techniques are often an act of progression into the environment which enable the adversary to orient themselves before deciding how to act. Adversaries may use Discovery techniques that result in [Collection](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Collection), to help determine how available resources benefit their current objective. A combination of native device communications and functions, and custom tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453", "x_mitre_shortname": "discovery-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:13.228Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Discovery", "external_id": "TA0102" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Evasion", "description": "The adversary is trying to avoid being detected.\n\nEvasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid detection by both human operators and technical defenses throughout their compromise. Techniques used for evasion include removal of indicators of compromise, spoofing communications and reporting, and exploiting software vulnerabilities. Adversaries may also leverage and abuse trusted devices and processes to hide their activity, possibly by masquerading as master devices or native software. Methods of defense and operator evasion for this purpose are often more passive in nature, as opposed to [Inhibit Response Function](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Inhibit_Response_Function) techniques. They may also vary depending on whether the target of evasion is human or technological in nature, such as security controls. Techniques under other tactics are cross-listed to evasion when those techniques include the added benefit of subverting operators and defenses.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7", "x_mitre_shortname": "evasion-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:43:23.473Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Evasion", "external_id": "TA0103" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Execution", "description": "The adversary is trying to run malicious code.\n\nExecution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system, device, or other asset. This execution may also rely on unknowing end users or the manipulation of device operating modes to run. Adversaries may infect remote targets with programmed executables or malicious project files that operate according to specified behavior and may alter expected device behavior in subtle ways. Commands for execution may also be issued from command-line interfaces, APIs, GUIs, or other available interfaces. Techniques that run malicious code may also be paired with techniques from other tactics, particularly to aid network [Discovery](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Discovery) and [Collection](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Collection), impact operations, and inhibit response functions.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45", "x_mitre_shortname": "execution-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:42:06.909Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Execution", "external_id": "TA0104" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Impact", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your ICS systems, data, and their surrounding environment.\n\nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt, compromise, destroy, and manipulate the integrity and availability of control system operations, processes, devices, and data. These techniques encompass the influence and effects resulting from adversarial efforts to attack the ICS environment or that tangentially impact it. Impact techniques can result in more instantaneous disruption to control processes and the operator, or may result in more long term damage or loss to the ICS environment and related operations. The adversary may leverage [Impair Process Control](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impair_Process_Control) techniques, which often manifest in more self-revealing impacts on operations, or [Inhibit Response Function](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Inhibit_Response_Function) techniques to hinder safeguards and alarms in order to follow through with and provide cover for Impact. In some scenarios, control system processes can appear to function as expected, but may have been altered to benefit the adversary’s goal over the course of a longer duration. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.\n\n[Loss of Productivity and Revenue](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T828), [Theft of Operational Information](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T882), and [Damage to Property](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Technique/T879) are meant to encompass some of the more granular goals of adversaries in targeted and untargeted attacks. These techniques in and of themselves are not necessarily detectable, but the associated adversary behavior can potentially be mitigated and/or detected.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279", "x_mitre_shortname": "impact-ics", "modified": "2019-07-25T18:42:23.222Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impact", "external_id": "TA0105" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Impair Process Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.\n\nImpair Process Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt control logic and cause determinantal effects to processes being controlled in the target environment. Targets of interest may include active procedures or parameters that manipulate the physical environment. These techniques can also include prevention or manipulation of reporting elements and control logic. If an adversary has modified process functionality, then they may also obfuscate the results, which are often self-revealing in their impact on the outcome of a product or the environment. The direct physical control these techniques exert may also threaten the safety of operators and downstream users, which can prompt response mechanisms. Adversaries may follow up with or use [Inhibit Response Function](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Inhibit_Response_Function) techniques in tandem, to assist with the successful abuse of control processes to result in [Impact](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impact).", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024", "x_mitre_shortname": "impair-process-control", "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impair_Process_Control", "external_id": "TA0106" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Inhibit Response Function", "description": "The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.\n\nInhibit Response Function consists of techniques that adversaries use to hinder the safeguards put in place for processes and products. This may involve the inhibition of safety, protection, quality assurance, or operator intervention functions to disrupt safeguards that aim to prevent the loss of life, destruction of equipment, and disruption of production. These techniques aim to actively deter and prevent expected alarms and responses that arise due to statuses in the ICS environment. Adversaries may modify or update system logic, or even outright prevent responses with a denial-of-service. They may result in the prevention, destruction, manipulation, or modification of programs, logic, devices, and communications. As prevention functions are generally dormant, reporting and processing functions can appear fine, but may have been altered to prevent failure responses in dangerous scenarios. Unlike [Evasion](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Evasion), Inhibit Response Function techniques may be more intrusive, such as actively preventing responses to a known dangerous scenario. Adversaries may use these techniques to follow through with or provide cover for [Impact](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Impact) techniques.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134", "x_mitre_shortname": "inhibit-response-function", "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Inhibit_Response_Function", "external_id": "TA0107" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Initial Access", "description": "The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that adversaries may use as entry vectors to gain an initial foothold within an ICS environment. These techniques include compromising operational technology assets, IT resources in the OT network, and external remote services and websites. They may also target third party entities and users with privileged access. In particular, these initial access footholds may include devices and communication mechanisms with access to and privileges in both the IT and OT environments. IT resources in the OT environment are also potentially vulnerable to the same attacks as enterprise IT systems. Trusted third parties of concern may include vendors, maintenance personnel, engineers, external integrators, and other outside entities involved in expected ICS operations. Vendor maintained assets may include physical devices, software, and operational equipment. Initial access techniques may also leverage outside devices, such as radios, controllers, or removable media, to remotely interfere with and possibly infect OT operations.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a", "x_mitre_shortname": "initial-access-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:41:41.425Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Initial_Access", "external_id": "TA0108" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Lateral Movement", "description": "The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. These techniques abuse default credentials, known accounts, and vulnerable services, and may also leverage dual-homed devices and systems that reside on both the IT and OT networks. The adversary uses these techniques to pivot to their next point in the environment, positioning themselves to where they want to be or think they should be. Following through on their primary objective often requires [Discovery](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Discovery) of the network and [Collection](https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Collection) to develop awareness of unique ICS devices and processes, in order to find their target and subsequently gain access to it. Reaching this objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems, devices, and accounts. Adversaries may install their own remote tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or leverage default tools, programs, and manufacturer set or other legitimate credentials native to the network, which may be stealthier.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924", "x_mitre_shortname": "lateral-movement-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:36.953Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Lateral_Movement", "external_id": "TA0109" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "name": "Persistence", "description": "The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold in your ICS environment.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to maintain access to ICS systems and devices across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that allow them to secure their ongoing activity and keep their foothold on systems. This may include replacing or hijacking legitimate code, firmware, and other project files, or adding startup code and downloading programs onto devices.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac", "x_mitre_shortname": "persistence-ics", "modified": "2019-07-19T17:42:33.899Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Persistence", "external_id": "TA0110" } ] }, { "type": "x-mitre-matrix", "name": "ATT&CK for ICS", "description": "The full ATT&CK for ICS Matrix includes techniques spanning various ICS assets and can be used to navigate through the knowledge base.", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "id": "x-mitre-matrix--575f48f4-8897-4468-897b-48bb364af6c7", "modified": "2020-06-03T00:14:20.652Z", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "external_references": [ { "source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "external_id": "MA0010", "url": "https://collaborate.mitre.org/attackics/index.php/Main_Page" } ], "tactic_refs": [ "x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a", "x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45", "x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac", "x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7", "x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453", "x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924", "x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9", "x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f", "x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134", "x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024", "x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279" ] }, { "id": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "name": "The MITRE Corporation", "identity_class": "organization", "object_marking_refs": [ "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" ], "type": "identity", "modified": "2017-06-01T00:00:00.000Z", "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00.000Z" }, { "type": "marking-definition", "id": "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z", "definition_type": "statement", "definition": { "statement": "Copyright 2015-2020, The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation." } } ] }