#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: string_manipulation.bellos

# Demonstrating string manipulation

# String concatenation
first_name=John
last_name=Doe
full_name=$first_name $last_name
echo Full name: $full_name

# String length
string="Hello, World!"
echo "The string '$string' has ${#string} characters."

# Substring extraction
echo "The first 5 characters are: ${string:0:5}"

# String replacement
sentence="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
echo "Original sentence: $sentence"
new_sentence=${sentence/fox/cat}
echo "Modified sentence: $new_sentence"

# Converting to uppercase and lowercase
echo "Uppercase: ${string^^}"
echo "Lowercase: ${string,,}"

# Trimming whitespace
padded_string="   trim me   "
echo "Original string: '$padded_string'"
trimmed_string=${padded_string## }
trimmed_string=${trimmed_string%% }
echo "Trimmed string: '$trimmed_string'"

echo "String manipulation operations completed."