/*=========================================================================

  Program: GDCM (Grassroots DICOM). A DICOM library

  Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Mathieu Malaterre
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://gdcm.sourceforge.net/Copyright.html for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
#include "gdcmSystem.h"
#include "gdcmTrace.h"
#include "gdcmFilename.h"
#include "gdcmDirectory.h"
#include "gdcmException.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> // strspn
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <limits.h> // PATH_MAX

// gettimeofday
#ifdef GDCM_HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>
#ifdef GDCM_HAVE_WINSOCK_H
#include <winsock.h>
#endif
#include <cstdio> // snprintf
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
#define snprintf _snprintf
#endif
#ifdef GDCM_USE_COREFOUNDATION_LIBRARY
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32) && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__) ||defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__))
#include <io.h>
#include <direct.h>
#define _unlink unlink
#else
//#include <features.h> // we want GNU extensions
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* gethostname */
#include <strings.h> // strncasecmp
#endif

#if defined(GDCM_HAVE_LANGINFO_H)
#include <langinfo.h> // nl_langinfo
#endif

// TODO: WIN32 replacement for C99 stuff:
// #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
// #define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
// #define strcasecmp _stricmp
// #define strncasecmp _strnicmp
// #endif

namespace gdcm
{

#if defined(_WIN32) && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__MINGW32__))
inline int Mkdir(const char* dir)
{
  return _mkdir(dir);
}
inline int Rmdir(const char* dir)
{
  return _rmdir(dir);
}
inline const char* Getcwd(char* buf, unsigned int len)
{
  const char* ret = _getcwd(buf, len);
  return ret;
}

#else
inline int Mkdir(const char* dir)
{
  return mkdir(dir, 00777);
}
inline int Rmdir(const char* dir)
{
  return rmdir(dir);
}
inline const char* Getcwd(char* buf, unsigned int len)
{
  const char* ret = getcwd(buf, len);
  return ret;
}
#endif

/*
// 1.14 How can I find a process' executable file?
// http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/programmer/faq/
static std::string Argv0;

void System::SetArgv0(const char *argv0)
{
  Argv0 = argv0;
//std::cout << "Set:" << Argv0 << std::endl;
}

const char* System::GetArgv0()
{
//std::cout << "Get:" << Argv0 << std::endl;
  return Argv0.c_str();
}
*/

const char * System::GetCWD()
{
  static char buf[2048];
  const char* cwd = Getcwd(buf, 2048);
  return cwd;
/*
  std::string path;
  if ( cwd )
    {
    path = cwd;
    }
  return path;
*/
}

static inline int Mkdir2(const char *utf8)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
  const std::wstring unc = System::ConvertToUNC(utf8);
  return _wmkdir(unc.c_str());
#else
  return Mkdir(utf8);
#endif
}

bool System::MakeDirectory(const char *path)
{
  if( !path || !*path )
    return false;
  if(System::FileExists(path))
    {
    return true;
    }
  Filename fn(path);
  std::string dir = fn.ToUnixSlashes();

  std::string::size_type pos = dir.find(':');
  if(pos == std::string::npos)
    {
    pos = 0;
    }
  std::string topdir;
  bool ok = true;
  while(ok && (pos = dir.find('/', pos)) != std::string::npos)
    {
    topdir = dir.substr(0, pos+1);
    ok = ok && (System::FileIsDirectory(topdir.c_str()) || 0 == Mkdir2(topdir.c_str()));
    pos++;
    }
  if( !ok ) return false;
  if(dir[dir.size()-1] == '/')
    {
    topdir = dir.substr(0, dir.size());
    }
  else
    {
    topdir = dir;
    }
  if(Mkdir2(topdir.c_str()) != 0)
    {
    // There is a bug in the Borland Run time library which makes MKDIR
    // return EACCES when it should return EEXISTS
    // if it is some other error besides directory exists
    // then return false
    if( (errno != EEXIST)
#ifdef __BORLANDC__
        && (errno != EACCES)
#endif
      )
      {
      return false;
      }
    }
  return true;
}

// return true if the file exists
bool System::FileExists(const char* filename)
{
#ifndef R_OK
# define R_OK 04
#endif
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    const std::wstring unc = System::ConvertToUNC(filename);
    if (_waccess(unc.c_str(), R_OK) != 0)
#else
  if ( access(filename, R_OK) != 0 )
#endif
    {
    return false;
    }
  else
    {
    //assert( !FileIsDirectory(filename) );
    return true;
    }
}

bool System::FileIsDirectory(const char* name)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    struct _stat64i32 fs;
    const std::wstring wname = System::ConvertToUNC(name);
    if (_wstat(wname.c_str(), &fs) == 0)
#else
  struct stat fs;
  if(stat(name, &fs) == 0)
#endif
    {
#if _WIN32
    return ((fs.st_mode & _S_IFDIR) != 0);
#else
    return S_ISDIR(fs.st_mode);
#endif
    }
  else
    {
    return false;
    }
}

bool System::FileIsSymlink(const char* name)
{
#if defined( _WIN32 )
  (void)name;
#else
  struct stat fs;
  if(lstat(name, &fs) == 0)
    {
    return S_ISLNK(fs.st_mode);
    }
#endif
  return false;
}

// TODO st_mtimensec
time_t System::FileTime(const char* filename)
{
  struct stat fs;
  if(stat(filename, &fs) == 0)
    {
    // man 2 stat
    // time_t    st_atime;   /* time of last access */
    // time_t    st_mtime;   /* time of last modification */
    // time_t    st_ctime;   /* time of last status change */
    return fs.st_mtime;

    // Since  kernel 2.5.48, the stat structure supports nanosecond resolution
    // for the three file timestamp fields.  Glibc exposes the nanosecond com-
    // ponent of each field using names either of the form st_atim.tv_nsec, if
    // the _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE feature test macro is  defined,  or  of
    // the  form st_atimensec, if neither of these macros is defined.  On file
    // systems that do not support  sub-second  timestamps,  these  nanosecond
    // fields are returned with the value 0.
    }
  return 0;
}

const char *System::GetLastSystemError()
{
  int e = errno;
  return strerror(e);
}

bool System::GetPermissions(const char* file, unsigned short& mode)
{
  if ( !file )
    {
    return false;
    }

  struct stat st;
  if ( stat(file, &st) < 0 )
    {
    return false;
    }
  mode = (short)st.st_mode;
  return true;
}

bool System::SetPermissions(const char* file, unsigned short mode)
{
  if ( !file )
    {
    return false;
    }
  if ( !System::FileExists(file) )
    {
    return false;
    }
  if ( chmod(file, mode) < 0 )
    {
    return false;
    }

  return true;
}

bool System::RemoveFile(const char* source)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
  unsigned short mode;
  if ( !System::GetPermissions(source, mode) )
    {
    return false;
    }
  /* Win32 unlink is stupid --- it fails if the file is read-only  */
  System::SetPermissions(source, S_IWRITE);
#endif
  bool res = unlink(source) != 0 ? false : true;
#ifdef _WIN32
  if ( !res )
    {
    System::SetPermissions(source, mode);
    }
#endif
  return res;
}

// RemoveDirectory is a WIN32 function, use different name
bool System::DeleteDirectory(const char *source)
{
  unsigned short mode;
  if(System::GetPermissions(source, mode))
    {
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
    mode |= S_IWRITE;
#else
    mode |= S_IWUSR;
#endif
    System::SetPermissions(source, mode);
    }

  Directory dir;
  unsigned int numfiles = dir.Load(source, false);
  (void)numfiles;
  Directory::FilenamesType const & files = dir.GetFilenames();
  for ( Directory::FilenamesType::const_iterator it = files.begin();
    it != files.end(); ++it )
    {
    const char *filename = it->c_str();
    if( System::FileIsDirectory(filename) &&
      !System::FileIsSymlink(filename) )
      {
      if (!System::DeleteDirectory(filename))
        {
        return false;
        }
      }
    else
      {
      if(!System::RemoveFile(filename))
        {
        return false;
        }
      }
    }
  return Rmdir(source) == 0;
}

#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
  namespace {
  static inline std::wstring ToUtf16(std::string const &str) {
    std::wstring ret;
    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), (int)str.length(),
                                  nullptr, 0);
    if (len > 0) {
      ret.resize(len);
      MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), (int)str.length(), &ret[0],
                          len);
    }
    return ret;
  }
  // http://arsenmk.blogspot.com/2015/12/handling-long-paths-on-windows.html
  static inline bool ComputeFullPath(std::wstring const &in,
                                     std::wstring &out) {
    // consider an input fileName of type PCWSTR (const wchar_t*)
    const wchar_t *fileName = in.c_str();
    DWORD requiredBufferLength =
        GetFullPathNameW(fileName, 0, nullptr, nullptr);

    if (0 == requiredBufferLength)  // means failure
    {
      return false;
    }

    out.resize(requiredBufferLength);
    wchar_t *buffer = &out[0];

    DWORD result =
        GetFullPathNameW(fileName, requiredBufferLength, buffer, nullptr);

    if (0 == result) {
      return false;
    }

    // buffer now contains the full path name of fileName, use it.
    return true;
  }

  static inline std::wstring HandleMaxPath(std::wstring const &in) {
    if (in.size() >= MAX_PATH) {
      std::wstring out;
      bool ret = ComputeFullPath(in, out);
      if (!ret) return in;
      if (out.size() < 4) return in;
      if (out[0] == '\\' && out[1] == '\\' && out[2] == '?') {
        // nothing to do
      } else if (out[0] == '\\' && out[1] == '\\' && out[2] != '?') {
        // server path
        const std::wstring prefix = LR"(\\?\UNC\)";
        out = prefix + (out.c_str() + 2);
      } else {
        // regular C:\ style path:
        assert(out[1] == ':');
        const std::wstring prefix = LR"(\\?\)";
        out = prefix + out.c_str();
      }
      return out;
    }
    return in;
  }
  }  // namespace
#endif

std::wstring System::ConvertToUNC(const char *utf8path)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    const std::wstring uft16path = ToUtf16(utf8path);
    const std::wstring uncpath = HandleMaxPath(uft16path);
    return uncpath;
#else
    (void)utf8path;
    return std::wstring();
#endif
}

// return size of file; also returns zero if no file exists
size_t System::FileSize(const char* filename)
{
#if 0
       All of these system calls return a stat structure, which  contains  the
       following fields:

          struct stat {
              dev_t     st_dev;     /* ID of device containing file */
              ino_t     st_ino;     /* inode number */
              mode_t    st_mode;    /* protection */
              nlink_t   st_nlink;   /* number of hard links */
              uid_t     st_uid;     /* user ID of owner */
              gid_t     st_gid;     /* group ID of owner */
              dev_t     st_rdev;    /* device ID (if special file) */
              off_t     st_size;    /* total size, in bytes */
              blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */
              blkcnt_t  st_blocks;  /* number of blocks allocated */
              time_t    st_atime;   /* time of last access */
              time_t    st_mtime;   /* time of last modification */
              time_t    st_ctime;   /* time of last status change */
          };
#endif
  struct stat fs;
  if (stat(filename, &fs) != 0)
    {
    return 0;
    }
  off_t size = fs.st_size;
  size_t size2 = size;
  // off_t can be larger than size_t
  if( size != (off_t)size2 ) return 0;
  return size2;
}

/*
 * TODO:
 * check cygwin
 * check beos : get_next_image_info
 * check solaris
 * check hpux
 * check os2: DosGetInfoBlocks / DosQueryModuleName
 * ...
 */
const char *System::GetCurrentProcessFileName()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
  static char buf[MAX_PATH];
  if ( ::GetModuleFileName(0, buf, sizeof(buf)) )
    {
    return buf;
    }
#elif defined(GDCM_USE_COREFOUNDATION_LIBRARY)
  static char buf[PATH_MAX];
  Boolean success = false;
  CFURLRef pathURL = CFBundleCopyExecutableURL(CFBundleGetMainBundle());
  if ( pathURL)
    {
    success = CFURLGetFileSystemRepresentation(pathURL, true /*resolveAgainstBase*/, (unsigned char*) buf, PATH_MAX);
    CFRelease(pathURL);
    }
  if (success)
    {
    return buf;
    }
#elif defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)
  // solaris
  const char *ret = getexecname();
  if( ret ) return ret;
//#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
//  static char path[PATH_MAX];
//  if ( readlink ("/proc/curproc/exe", path, sizeof(path)) > 0)
//    {
//    return path;
//    }
#elif defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
  static char path[PATH_MAX];
  if ( readlink ("/proc/curproc/file", path, sizeof(path)) > 0)
    {
    return path;
    }
#elif defined(__linux__)
  static char path[PATH_MAX];
  if ( readlink ("/proc/self/exe", path, sizeof(path)) > 0) // Technically 0 is not an error, but that would mean
                                                            // 0 byte were copied ... thus considered it as an error
    {
    return path;
    }
#else
  gdcmErrorMacro( "missing implementation" );
#endif
   return nullptr;
}

#ifdef __USE_GNU
static void where_am_i() {}
#endif

const char *System::GetCurrentModuleFileName()
{
#ifdef __USE_GNU
  static char path[PATH_MAX];
  Dl_info info;
  if (dladdr( (void*)&where_am_i, &info ) == 0)
    {
    size_t len = strlen(info.dli_fname);
    if( len >= PATH_MAX ) return nullptr; // throw error ?
    // else
    strcpy(path,info.dli_fname);
    return path;
    }
#elif defined(_WIN32)
  // GetModuleFileName works the same on Win32 for library AFAIK
  return System::GetCurrentProcessFileName();
#endif

  return nullptr;
}

const char *System::GetCurrentResourcesDirectory()
{
#ifdef GDCM_USE_COREFOUNDATION_LIBRARY
  static char path[PATH_MAX];
  Boolean success = false;
  CFURLRef pathURL = CFBundleCopyResourcesDirectoryURL(CFBundleGetMainBundle());
  if (pathURL != nullptr)
    {
    success = CFURLGetFileSystemRepresentation(pathURL, true /*resolveAgainstBase*/, (unsigned char*) path, PATH_MAX);
    CFRelease(pathURL);
    }
  if (success)
    {
    strlcat(path, "/" GDCM_INSTALL_DATA_DIR, PATH_MAX);
    return path;
    }
#endif
  // Is there such beast on *any* other system but APPLE ?
  return nullptr;
}

/**
 * \brief Encode the mac address on a fixed length string of 15 characters.
 * we save space this way.
 */
inline int getlastdigit(unsigned char *data, unsigned long size)
{
  int extended, carry = 0;
  for(unsigned int i=0;i<size;i++)
    {
    extended = (carry << 8) + data[i];
    data[i] = (unsigned char)(extended / 10);
    carry = extended % 10;
    }
  assert( carry >= 0 && carry < 10 );
  return carry;
}

size_t System::EncodeBytes(char *out, const unsigned char *data, int size)
{
  bool zero = false;
  int res;
  std::string sres;
  unsigned char buffer[32];
  unsigned char *addr = buffer;
  memcpy(addr, data, size);
  while(!zero)
    {
    res = getlastdigit(addr, size);
    const char v = (char)('0' + res);
    sres.insert(sres.begin(), v);
    zero = true;
    for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
      {
      zero = zero && (addr[i] == 0);
      }
    }

  //return sres;
  strcpy(out, sres.c_str()); //, sres.size() );
  return sres.size();
}

#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(GDCM_HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
#include <stdio.h>

// http://www.openasthra.com/c-tidbits/gettimeofday-function-for-windows/
// http://www.sisvia.com/blog/?p=24
// -> srand + gettimeofday
// http://csl.sublevel3.org/c++/
static int gettimeofday2(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz)
{
  FILETIME ft;
  const uint64_t c1 = 27111902;
  const uint64_t c2 = 3577643008UL;
  const uint64_t OFFSET = (c1 << 32) + c2;
  uint64_t filetime = 0;
  GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);

  filetime |= ft.dwHighDateTime;
  filetime <<= 32;
  filetime |= ft.dwLowDateTime;
  filetime -= OFFSET;

  tv->tv_sec = (long)(filetime / 10000000); /* seconds since epoch */
  tv->tv_usec = (uint32_t)((filetime % 10000000) / 10);

  return 0;
}
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_MSC_EXTENSIONS)
  #define DELTA_EPOCH_IN_MICROSECS  11644473600000000Ui64
#else
  #define DELTA_EPOCH_IN_MICROSECS  11644473600000000ULL
#endif

//struct timezone
//{
//  int  tz_minuteswest; /* minutes W of Greenwich */
//  int  tz_dsttime;     /* type of dst correction */
//};

int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz)
{
/*
       The use of the timezone structure is obsolete; the tz  argument  should
       normally  be  specified  as  NULL.  The tz_dsttime field has never been
       used under Linux; it has not been and will not be supported by libc  or
       glibc.   Each  and  every occurrence of this field in the kernel source
       (other than the declaration) is a bug. Thus, the following is purely of
       historic interest.
*/
  assert( tz == 0 );
  FILETIME ft;
  unsigned __int64 tmpres = 0;
  //static int tzflag;

  if (NULL != tv)
  {
    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);

    tmpres |= ft.dwHighDateTime;
    tmpres <<= 32;
    tmpres |= ft.dwLowDateTime;

    /*converting file time to unix epoch*/
    tmpres /= 10;  /*convert into microseconds*/
    tmpres -= DELTA_EPOCH_IN_MICROSECS;
    tv->tv_sec = (long)(tmpres / 1000000UL);
    tv->tv_usec = (long)(tmpres % 1000000UL);
  }

//  if (NULL != tz)
//  {
//    if (!tzflag)
//    {
//      _tzset();
//      tzflag++;
//    }
//    tz->tz_minuteswest = _timezone / 60;
//    tz->tz_dsttime = _daylight;
//  }

  return 0;
}
#endif

/**
 Implementation note. We internally use mktime which seems to be quite relaxed when it
 comes to invalid date. It handles :
 "17890714172557";
 "19891714172557";
 "19890014172557";
 While the DICOM PS 3.5-2008 would prohibit them.
 I leave it this way so that we correctly read in /almost/ valid date. What we write out is
 always valid anyway which is what is important.
*/
bool System::ParseDateTime(time_t &timep, const char date[22])
{
  long milliseconds;
  return ParseDateTime(timep, milliseconds, date);
}

bool System::ParseDateTime(time_t &timep, long &milliseconds, const char date[22])
{
  if(!date) return false;
  size_t len = strlen(date);
  if( len < 4 ) return false; // need at least the full year
  if( len > 21 ) return false;

  struct tm ptm;
  // No such thing as strptime on some st*$^% platform
#if defined(GDCM_HAVE_STRPTIME) && 0
  char *ptr1 = strptime(date, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", &ptm);
  if( ptr1 != date + 14 )
    {
    // We stopped parsing the string at some point, assume this is an error
    return false;
    }
#else
  // instead write our own:
  int year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, n;
  if ((n = sscanf(date, "%4d%2d%2d%2d%2d%2d",
        &year, &mon, &day, &hour, &min, &sec)) >= 1)
    {
    switch (n)
      {
    case 1: mon = 1;  /* Falls through. */
    case 2: day = 1;  /* Falls through. */
    case 3: hour = 0; /* Falls through. */
    case 4: min = 0;  /* Falls through. */
    case 5: sec = 0;  /* Falls through. */
      break; // http://security.coverity.com/blog/2013/Sep/gimme-a-break.html
      }
    ptm.tm_year = year - 1900;
    if( mon < 1 || mon > 12 ) return false;
    ptm.tm_mon = mon - 1;
    if( day < 1 || day > 31 ) return false;
    ptm.tm_mday = day;
    if( hour > 24 ) return false;
    ptm.tm_hour = hour;
    if( min > 60 ) return false;
    ptm.tm_min = min;
    if( sec > 60 ) return false;
    ptm.tm_sec = sec;
    ptm.tm_wday = -1;
    ptm.tm_yday = -1;
    ptm.tm_isdst = -1;
    }
  else
    {
    return false;
    }
#endif
  timep = mktime(&ptm);
  if( timep == (time_t)-1) return false;

  milliseconds = 0;
  if( len > 14 ) // more data to process
    {
    const char *ptr = date + 14;
    if( *ptr != '.' ) return false;
    ++ptr;
    if( !*ptr || sscanf( ptr, "%06ld", &milliseconds ) != 1 )
      {
      // Could not parse milliseconds but date looks ok, should I return false anyway ?
      // -> yes this is an error !
      return false;
      }
    }

  return true;
}

const char *System::GetTimezoneOffsetFromUTC()
{
  static std::string buffer;
  char outstr[10];
  time_t t = time(nullptr);
  struct tm *tmp = localtime(&t);
  size_t l = strftime(outstr, sizeof(outstr), "%z", tmp);
  assert( l == 5 ); (void)l;
  buffer = outstr;
  return buffer.c_str();
}

bool System::FormatDateTime(char date[22], time_t timep, long milliseconds)
{
  // \precondition
  if( !(milliseconds >= 0 && milliseconds < 1000000) )
    {
    return false;
    }

  // YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.FFFFFF&ZZXX
  if(!date)
    {
    return false;
    }
  const size_t maxsize = 40;
  char tmp[maxsize];
  // Obtain the time of day, and convert it to a tm struct.
  struct tm *ptm = localtime (&timep);
  if(!ptm)
    {
    return false;
    }
  // Format the date and time, down to a single second.
  size_t ret = strftime (tmp, sizeof (tmp), "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", ptm);
  assert( ret == 14 );
  if( ret == 0 || ret >= maxsize )
    {
    return false;
    }

  // Add milliseconds
  const size_t maxsizall = 22;
  const int ret2 = snprintf(date,maxsizall,"%s.%06ld",tmp,milliseconds);
  if( ret2 < 0 ) return false;
  if( (size_t)ret2 >= maxsizall )
    {
    return false;
    }

  // Ok !
  return true;
}

bool System::GetCurrentDateTime(char date[22])
{
  long milliseconds;
  time_t timep;

#if 0
       The functions gettimeofday() and settimeofday() can  get  and  set  the
       time  as  well  as a timezone.  The tv argument is a struct timeval (as
       specified  in <sys/time.h>):

         struct timeval {
             time_t      tv_sec;     /* seconds */
             suseconds_t tv_usec;    /* microseconds */
         };

       and gives the number of seconds and microseconds since the  Epoch  (see
       time(2)).  The tz argument is a struct timezone:

         struct timezone {
             int tz_minuteswest;     /* minutes west of Greenwich */
             int tz_dsttime;         /* type of DST correction */
         };

       If  either  tv or tz is NULL, the corresponding structure is not set or
       returned.

       The use of the timezone structure is obsolete; the tz  argument  should
       normally  be  specified  as  NULL.  The tz_dsttime field has never been
       used under Linux; it has not been and will not be supported by libc  or
       glibc.   Each  and  every occurrence of this field in the kernel source
       (other than the declaration) is a bug. Thus, the following is purely of
       historic interest.
#endif

  // Apparently suseconds_t is defined as long on linux system... why would this be signed ?

  struct timeval tv;
  gettimeofday (&tv, nullptr);
  timep = tv.tv_sec;
  // A concatenated date-time character string in the format:
  // YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.FFFFFF&ZZXX
  // The components of this string, from left to right, are YYYY = Year, MM =
  // Month, DD = Day, HH = Hour (range "00" - "23"), MM = Minute (range "00" -
  // "59"), SS = Second (range "00" - "60").
  // FFFFFF = Fractional Second contains a fractional part of a second as small
  // as 1 millionth of a second (range 000000 - 999999).
  assert( tv.tv_usec >= 0 && tv.tv_usec < 1000000 );
  milliseconds = tv.tv_usec;

  return FormatDateTime(date, timep, milliseconds);
}

int System::StrNCaseCmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
{
#if defined(GDCM_HAVE_STRNCASECMP)
  return strncasecmp(s1,s2,n);
#elif defined(GDCM_HAVE__STRNICMP)
  return _strnicmp(s1,s2,n);
#else // default implementation
#error
  assert( n ); // TODO
  while (--n && *s1 && (tolower(*s1) == tolower(*s2)))
    {
    s1++;
    s2++;
    }

 return tolower(*s1) - tolower(*s2);
#endif
}

int System::StrCaseCmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
#if defined(GDCM_HAVE_STRCASECMP)
  return strcasecmp(s1,s2);
#elif defined(GDCM_HAVE__STRNICMP)
  return _stricmp(s1,s2);
#else // default implementation
#error
  while (*s1 && (tolower(*s1) == tolower(*s2)))
    {
    s1++;
    s2++;
    }

 return tolower(*s1) - tolower(*s2);
#endif
}

bool System::GetHostName(char name[255])
{
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738527.aspx
// WSANOTINITIALISED A successful WSAStartup call must occur before using this function.
#if _WIN32
  // Get the hostname
  WORD wVersionRequested;
  WSADATA wsaData;
  wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2,0);

  if ( WSAStartup( wVersionRequested, &wsaData ) == 0 )
    {
    bool ret = false;
    if( gethostname(name,255) == 0 )
      {
      ret = true;
      }
    else
      {
      *name = 0;
      }
    WSACleanup( );
    return ret;
    }
#else
  if( gethostname(name, 255) == 0 )
    {
    return true;
    }
#endif
  // If reach here gethostname failed, uninit name just in case
  *name = 0;
  return false;
}

char *System::StrTokR(char *str, const char *delim, char **nextp)
{
#if 1
  // http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c/msg/2ab1ecbb86646684
  // PD -> http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c/msg/7c7b39328fefab9c
  char *ret;

  if (str == nullptr)
    {
    str = *nextp;
    }

  str += strspn(str, delim);

  if (*str == '\0')
    {
    return nullptr;
    }

  ret = str;

  str += strcspn(str, delim);

  if (*str)
    {
    *str++ = '\0';
    }

  *nextp = str;

  return ret;
#else
  return strtok_r(str,delim,nextp);
#endif
}

char *System::StrSep(char **sp, const char *sep)
{
  // http://unixpapa.com/incnote/string.html
  // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8512958/is-there-a-windows-variant-of-strsep
#if 1
  char *p, *s;
  if (sp == nullptr || *sp == nullptr || **sp == '\0') return nullptr;
  s = *sp;
  p = s + strcspn(s, sep);
  if (*p != '\0') *p++ = '\0';
  *sp = p;
  return s;
#else
  return strsep(sp, sep);
#endif
}

#if defined(_WIN32)
struct CharsetAliasType
{
  const char *alias;
  const char *name;
};

static const char *CharsetAliasToName(const char *alias)
{
  assert( alias );
  //gdcmDebugMacro( alias );
  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx
  // 1252 windows-1252  ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows)
  static CharsetAliasType aliases[] = {
      { "CP1252", "ISO-8859-1" }, // mingw + debian/6.0
      { NULL, NULL },
  };
  for( CharsetAliasType *a = aliases; a->alias; a++)
    {
    if (strcmp (a->alias, alias) == 0)
      {
      return a->name;
      }
    }
  // We need to tell the user...
  gdcmWarningMacro( std::string("Could not find Charset from alias: ") + alias );
  return NULL;
}
#endif //_WIN32

const char *System::GetLocaleCharset()
{
  const char *codeset = nullptr;
#if defined(GDCM_HAVE_NL_LANGINFO)
  //setlocale (LC_CTYPE, NULL);
  /* According to documentation nl_langinfo needs :
     setlocale(3) needs to be executed with proper arguments before.
     However even if CODESET only required LC_TYPE only setting LC_TYPE is not
     enough to get it working on a debian/6.0 system within c++
     so instead call setlocale on LC_ALL to fix it.
   */
  char *oldlocale = strdup(setlocale(LC_ALL, ""));
  // TODO: what if setlocale return NULL ?
  codeset = nl_langinfo (CODESET);
  setlocale(LC_ALL, oldlocale);
  free(oldlocale);
#endif // GDCM_HAVE_NL_LANGINFO

#if defined(_WIN32)
#if 0
  char buf1[128];
  char buf2[128];
  const char *codeset1;
  const char *codeset2;
  codeset1 = buf1;
  codeset2 = buf2;
  sprintf(buf1, "CP%d", GetConsoleCP());
  sprintf(buf2, "CP%d", GetConsoleOutputCP());

  // BUG: both returns 'CP437' on debian + mingw32...
  // instead prefer GetACP() call:
#endif
  static char buf[2+10+1]; // 2 char, 10 bytes + 0
  // GetACP: Retrieves the current Windows ANSI code page identifier for the
  // operating system.
  sprintf (buf, "CP%u", GetACP ());
  codeset = CharsetAliasToName(buf);
#endif

  // warning ANSI_X3.4-1968 means ASCII
  return codeset;
}

} // end namespace gdcm