     <!--
     http://xmlfr.org/documentations/tutoriels/001218-0001
     -->
     <!-- First version (russian poupee is too simple for large case -->
     <!--
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="book">
 <xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:sequence>
<!-- definition of simple type elements -->
   <xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string"/>
   <xsd:element name="author" type="xsd:string"/>
<!-- definition of complex type elements -->
   <xsd:element name="character"
        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <xsd:complexType>
     <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name="friend-of" type="xsd:string"
      minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xsd:element name="since" type="xsd:date"/>
      <xsd:element name="qualification" type="xsd:string"/>
     </xsd:sequence>
    </xsd:complexType>
   </xsd:element>
  </xsd:sequence>
<!-- definition of attributes -->
  <xsd:attribute name="isbn" type="xsd:string"/>
 </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>

</xsd:schema>
-->

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema">

<!-- definition of simple types -->

<xsd:simpleType name="nameType">
 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
  <xsd:maxLength value="32"/>
 </xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>

<xsd:simpleType name="sinceType">
 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:date"/>
</xsd:simpleType>

<xsd:simpleType name="descType">
 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:simpleType>

<xsd:simpleType name="isbnType">
 <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
  <xsd:pattern value="[0-9]{10}"/>
 </xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>

<!-- definition of complex types -->

 <xsd:complexType name="characterType">
  <xsd:sequence>
   <xsd:element name="name" type="nameType"/>
   <xsd:element name="friend-of" type="nameType"
        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <xsd:element name="since" type="sinceType"/>
   <xsd:element name="qualification" type="descType"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
 </xsd:complexType>

 <xsd:complexType name="bookType">
  <xsd:sequence>
   <xsd:element name="title" type="nameType"/>
   <xsd:element name="author" type="nameType"/>
   <!-- the definition of the "character" element is
        using the "characterType" complex type    -->
   <xsd:element name="character" type="characterType"
        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
  <xsd:attribute name="isbn" type="isbnType" use="required"/>
 </xsd:complexType>

<!-- Reference to "bookType" to define the
     "book" element -->
<xsd:element name="book" type="bookType"/>


<!-- Start here (Mathieu) -->
<!--
PS 3.5-2006
Page 25
Table 6.2-1
DICOM VALUE REPRESENTATIONS
VR
Name
Definition Character
Repertoire
Length of Value
AE
Application
Entity
A string of characters that identifies an
Application Entity with leading and trailing
spaces (20H) being non-significant. A value
consisting solely of spaces shall not be used.
Default Character
Repertoire
excluding
character code
5CH (the
BACKSLASH "\"
in ISO-IR 6), and
control characters
LF, FF, CR and
ESC.
16 bytes
maximum
AS
Age String
A string of characters with one of the following
formats -- nnnD, nnnW, nnnM, nnnY; where
nnn shall contain the number of days for D,
weeks for W, months for M, or years for Y.
Example: "018M" would represent an age of
18 months.
"0"-"9", "D", "W",
"M", "Y" of Default
Character
Repertoire
4 bytes
fixed
AT
Attribute Tag
Ordered pair of 16-bit unsigned integers that is
the value of a Data Element Tag.
Example: A Data Element Tag of (0018,00FF)
would be encoded as a series of 4 bytes in a
Little-Endian Transfer Syntax as
18H,00H,FFH,00H and in a Big-Endian
Transfer Syntax as 00H,18H,00H,FFH.
Note: The encoding of an AT value is exactly
the same as the encoding of a Data
Element Tag as defined in Section 7.
not applicable 4 bytes
fixed
CS
Code String
A string of characters with leading or trailing
spaces (20H) being non-significant.
Uppercase
characters, "0"-
"9", the SPACE
character, and
underscore "_", of
the Default
Character
Repertoire
16 bytes
maximum
DA
Date
A string of characters of the format yyyymmdd;
where yyyy shall contain year, mm shall
contain the month, and dd shall contain the
day. This conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS
Date common data type.
Example:
"19930822" would represent August 22,
1993.
Notes: 1. For reasons of backward
compatibility with versions of this
standard prior to V3.0, it is
recommended that implementations
also support a string of characters of
the format yyyy.mm.dd for this VR.
"0"-"9" of Default
Character
Repertoire
Note: For reasons
specified in the
previous column,
implementations
may wish to
support the "."
character as well.
8 bytes
fixed
Note: For reasons
specified in the
previous columns,
implementations
may also wish to
support a 10 byte
fixed length as
well.
PS 3.5-2006
Page 26
2. See also DT VR in this table.
DS
Decimal
String
A string of characters representing either a
fixed point number or a floating point number.
A fixed point number shall contain only the
characters 0-9 with an optional leading "+" or
"-" and an optional "." to mark the decimal
point. A floating point number shall be
conveyed as defined in ANSI X3.9, with an "E"
or "e" to indicate the start of the exponent.
Decimal Strings may be padded with leading
or trailing spaces. Embedded spaces are not
allowed.
Note: Data Elements with multiple values
using this VR may not be properly
encoded if Explicit-VR transfer syntax is
used and the VL of this attribute
exceeds 65534 bytes.
"0"-"9", "+", "-",
"E", "e", "." of
Default Character
Repertoire
16 bytes
maximum
DT
Date Time
The Date Time common data type. Indicates a
concatenated date-time ASCII string in the
format: YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.FFFFFF&ZZZZ
The components of this string, from left to
right, are YYYY = Year, MM = Month, DD =
Day, HH = Hour, MM = Minute, SS = Second,
FFFFFF = Fractional Second, & = "+" or "-",
and ZZZZ = Hours and Minutes of offset.
&ZZZZ is an optional suffix for plus/minus
offset from Coordinated Universal Time. A
component that is omitted from the string is
termed a null component. Trailing null
components of Date Time are ignored. Non-
trailing null components are prohibited, given
that the optional suffix is not considered as a
component.
Note: For reasons of backward compatibility
with versions of this standard prior to
V3.0, many existing DICOM Data
Elements use the separate DA and TM
VRs. Standard and Private Data
Elements defined in the future should
use DT, when appropriate, to be more
compliant with ANSI HISPP MSDS.
"0"-"9", "+", "-", "."
of Default
Character
Repertoire
26 bytes
maximum
FL
Floating Point
Single
Single precision binary floating point number
represented in IEEE 754:1985 32-bit Floating
Point Number Format.
not applicable 4 bytes
fixed
FD
Floating Point
Double
Double precision binary floating point number
represented in IEEE 754:1985 64-bit Floating
Point Number Format.
not applicable 8 bytes
fixed
IS
Integer String
A string of characters representing an Integer
in base-10 (decimal), shall contain only the
characters 0 - 9, with an optional leading "+" or
"-". It may be padded with leading and/or
trailing spaces. Embedded spaces are not
allowed.
The integer, n, represented shall be in the
"0"-"9", "+", "-" of
Default Character
Repertoire
12 bytes
maximum
PS 3.5-2006
Page 27
range:
-231 <= n <= (231 - 1).
LO
Long String
A character string that may be padded with
leading and/or trailing spaces. The character
code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6)
shall not be present, as it is used as the
delimiter between values in multiple valued
data elements. The string shall not have
Control Characters except for ESC.
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005).
64 chars
maximum (see
NOTE in 6.2)
LT
Long Text
A character string that may contain one or
more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic
Character set and the Control Characters, CR,
LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with
trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but
leading spaces are considered to be
significant. Data Elements with this VR shall
not be multi-valued and therefore character
code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6)
may be used.
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005).
10240 chars
maximum (see
NOTE in 6.2)
OB
Other Byte
String
A string of bytes where the encoding of the
contents is specified by the negotiated
Transfer Syntax. OB is a VR which is
insensitive to Little/Big Endian byte ordering
(see Section 7.3). The string of bytes shall be
padded with a single trailing NULL byte value
(00H) when necessary to achieve even length.
not applicable see Transfer
Syntax definition
OF
Other Float
String
A string of 32-bit IEEE 754:1985 floating point
words. OF is a VR which requires byte
swapping within each 32-bit word when
changing between Little Endian and Big
Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3).
not applicable 232
-4 maximum
OW
Other Word
String
A string of 16-bit words where the encoding of
the contents is specified by the negotiated
Transfer Syntax. OW is a VR that requires
byte swapping within each word when
changing between Little Endian and Big
Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3).
not applicable see Transfer
Syntax definition
PN
Person Name
A character string encoded using a 5
component convention. The character code
5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) shall
not be present, as it is used as the delimiter
between values in multiple valued data
elements. The string may be padded with
trailing spaces. The five components in their
order of occurrence are: family name complex,
given name complex, middle name, name
prefix, name suffix. Any of the five components
may be an empty string. The component
delimiter shall be the caret "^" character (5EH).
Delimiters are required for interior null
components. Trailing null components and
their delimiters may be omitted. Multiple
entries are permitted in each component and
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005)
excluding Control
Characters LF, FF,
and CR but
allowing Control
Character ESC.
64 chars
maximum per
component group
(see NOTE in 6.2)
PS 3.5-2006
Page 28
are encoded as natural text strings, in the
format preferred by the named person. This
conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS Person
Name common data type.
This group of five components is referred to as
a Person Name component group.
For the purpose of writing names in
ideographic characters and in phonetic
characters, up to 3 groups of components (see
Annex H examples 1 and 2) may be used. The
delimiter for component groups shall be the
equals character "=" (3DH). The three
component groups of components in their
order of occurrence are: a single-byte
character representation, an ideographic
representation, and a phonetic representation.
Any component group may be absent,
including the first component group. In this
case, the person name may start with one or
more "=" delimiters. Delimiters are required for
interior null component groups. Trailing null
component groups and their delimiters may be
omitted.
Precise semantics are defined for each
component group. See section 6.2.1.
Examples:
Rev. John Robert Quincy Adams, B.A.
M.Div.
"Adams^John Robert
Quincy^^Rev.^B.A. M.Div."
[One family name; three given names;
no middle name; one prefix; two
suffixes.]
Susan Morrison-Jones, Ph.D., Chief
Executive Officer
"Morrison-Jones^Susan^^^Ph.D., Chief
Executive Officer"
[Two family names; one given name; no
middle name; no prefix; two suffixes.]
John Doe
"Doe^John"
[One family name; one given name; no
middle name, prefix, or suffix. Delimiters
have been omitted for the three trailing
null components.]
(for examples of the encoding of Person
Names using multi-byte character sets
see Annex H)
Notes: 1. A similar multiple component
convention is also used by the HL7 v2
XPN data type. However, the XPN data
type places the suffix component before
the prefix, and has a sixth component
"degree" that DICOM subsumes in the
name suffix. There are also differences
in the manner in which name
PS 3.5-2006
Page 29
representation is identified.
2. In typical American and European
usage the first occurrence of "given
name" would represent the "first name".
The second and subsequent
occurrences of the "given name" would
typically be treated as a middle name(s).
The "middle name" component is
retained for the purpose of backward
compatibility with existing standards.
3. The implementer should remain
mindful of earlier usage forms that
represented "given names" as "first" and
"middle" and that translations to and
from this previous typical usage may be
required.
4. For reasons of backward compatibility
with versions of this standard prior to
V3.0, person names might be
considered a single family name
complex (single component without "^"
delimiters).
SH
Short String
A character string that may be padded with
leading and/or trailing spaces. The character
code 05CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6)
shall not be present, as it is used as the
delimiter between values for multiple data
elements. The string shall not have Control
Characters except ESC.
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005).
16 chars
maximum (see
NOTE in 6.2)
SL
Signed Long
Signed binary integer 32 bits long in 2's
complement form.
Represents an integer, n, in the range:
- 231 <= n <= (231 - 1).
not applicable 4 bytes
fixed
SQ
Sequence of
Items
Value is a Sequence of zero or more Items, as
defined in Section 7.5.
not applicable
(see Section 7.5)
not applicable
(see Section 7.5)
SS
Signed Short
Signed binary integer 16 bits long in 2's
complement form. Represents an integer n in
the range:
-215 <= n <= (215 - 1).
not applicable 2 bytes
fixed
ST
Short Text
A character string that may contain one or
more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic
Character set and the Control Characters, CR,
LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with
trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but
leading spaces are considered to be
significant. Data Elements with this VR shall
not be multi-valued and therefore character
code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6)
may be used.
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005).
1024 chars
maximum (see
NOTE in 6.2)
TM
Time
A string of characters of the format
hhmmss.frac; where hh contains hours (range
"00" - "23"), mm contains minutes (range "00" -
"0"-"9", "." of
Default Character
Repertoire
16 bytes
maximum
PS 3.5-2006
Page 30
"59"), ss contains seconds (range "00" -
"59"), and frac contains a fractional part of a
second as small as 1 millionth of a second
(range "000000" - "999999"). A 24 hour clock
is assumed. Midnight can be represented by
only "0000" since "2400" would violate the
hour range. The string may be padded with
trailing spaces. Leading and embedded
spaces are not allowed. One or more of the
components mm, ss, or frac may be
unspecified as long as every component to the
right of an unspecified component is also
unspecified. If frac is unspecified the
preceding "." may not be included. Frac shall
be held to six decimal places or less to ensure
its format conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS
Time common data type.
Examples:
1. "070907.0705 " represents a time of
7 hours, 9 minutes and 7.0705
seconds.
2. "1010" represents a time of 10 hours,
and 10 minutes.
3. "021 " is an invalid value.
Notes: 1. For reasons of backward
compatibility with versions of this
standard prior to V3.0, it is
recommended that implementations
also support a string of characters of
the format hh:mm:ss.frac for this VR.
2. See also DT VR in this table.
UI
Unique
Identifier
(UID)
A character string containing a UID that is
used to uniquely identify a wide variety of
items. The UID is a series of numeric
components separated by the period "."
character. If a Value Field containing one or
more UIDs is an odd number of bytes in
length, the Value Field shall be padded with a
single trailing NULL (00H) character to ensure
that the Value Field is an even number of
bytes in length. See Section 9 and Annex B
for a complete specification and examples.
"0"-"9", "." of
Default Character
Repertoire
64 bytes
maximum
UL
Unsigned
Long
Unsigned binary integer 32 bits long.
Represents an integer n in the range:
0 <= n < 232.
not applicable 4 bytes
fixed
UN
Unknown
A string of bytes where the encoding of the
contents is unknown (see Section 6.2.2).
not applicable Any length valid
for any of the
other DICOM
Value
Representations
US
Unsigned
Short
Unsigned binary integer 16 bits long.
Represents integer n in the range:
not applicable 2 bytes
fixed
PS 3.5-2006
Page 31
0 <= n < 216.
UT
Unlimited Text
A character string that may contain one or
more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic
Character set and the Control Characters, CR,
LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with
trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but
leading spaces are considered to be
significant. Data Elements with this VR shall
not be multi-valued and therefore character
code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6)
may be used.
Default Character
Repertoire and/or
as defined by
(0008,0005).
232
-2
Note: limited only by
the size of the
maximum
unsigned integer
representable in
a 32 bit VL field
minus one, since
FFFFFFFFH is
reserved.
Note: For attributes that were present in ACR-NEMA 1.0 and 2.0 and that have been retired, the specifications
of Value Representation and Value Multiplicity provided are recommendations for the purpose of
interpreting their values in objects created in accordance with earlier versions of this standard. These
recommendations are suggested as most appropriate for a particular attribute; however, there is no
guarantee that historical objects will not violate some requirements or specified VR and/or VM.
6.2.1 Ideographic and phonetic characters in Data Elements with VR of PN
Character strings representing person names are encoded using a convention for PN value
representations based on component groups with 5 components.
For the purpose of writing names in ideographic characters and in phonetic characters, up to 3
component groups may be used. The delimiter of the component group shall be the equals character "="
(3DH). The three component groups in their order of occurrence are: a single-byte representation, an
ideographic representation, and a phonetic representation.
Any component group may be absent, including the first component group. In this case, the person name
may start with one or more "=" delimiters. Delimiters are also required for interior null component groups.
Trailing null component groups and their delimiters may be omitted.
The first component group shall be encoded using a single-byte character encoding from a character set
with no Code Extensions. The character set shall be the one specified by the Attribute Specific Character
Set (0008,0005), value 1. If Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005) is not present, the default
Character Repertoire ISO-IR 6 shall be used.
The second group shall be used for ideographic characters. The character sets used will usually be
those from Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005), value 2 through n, and may use ISO 2022
escapes.
The third group shall be used for phonetic characters. The character sets used shall be those from
Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005), value 1 through n, and may use ISO 2022 escapes.
Delimiter characters "^" and "=" are taken from the character set specified by value 1 of the Attribute
Specific Character Set (0008,0005). If Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005), value 1 is not
present, the default Character Repertoire ISO-IR 6 shall be used.
At the beginning of the value of the Person Name data element, the following initial condition is assumed:
if Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005), value 1 is not present, the default Character Repertoire
ISO-IR 6 is invoked, and if the Attribute Specific Character Set (0008,0005), value 1 is present, the
character set specified by value 1 of the Attribute is invoked.

-->
  <xsd:simpleType name="ApplicationEntity">
    <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
      <xsd:maxLength value="16"/>
      <!-- TODO: remove backslah, string with only space is not allowed -->
    </xsd:restriction>
  </xsd:simpleType>`

</xsd:schema>