/*
//@HEADER
// ************************************************************************
//
//                        Kokkos v. 2.0
//              Copyright (2014) Sandia Corporation
//
// Under the terms of Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation,
// the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. Neither the name of the Corporation nor the names of the
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY SANDIA CORPORATION "AS IS" AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL SANDIA CORPORATION OR THE
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Questions? Contact Christian R. Trott (crtrott@sandia.gov)
//
// ************************************************************************
//@HEADER
*/

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <stdexcept>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>

namespace Test {

template< class Space >
void test_view_mapping()
{
  typedef typename Space::execution_space ExecSpace;

  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension<>  dim_0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 2 > dim_s2;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 2, 3 > dim_s2_s3;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 2, 3, 4 > dim_s2_s3_s4;

  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0 > dim_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 3 > dim_s0_s3;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 3, 4 > dim_s0_s3_s4;

  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 4 > dim_s0_s0_s4;

  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0;
  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 > dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0;

  // Fully static dimensions should not be larger than an int.
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_0 ), sizeof( int ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s2 ), sizeof( int ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s2_s3 ), sizeof( int ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s2_s3_s4 ), sizeof( int ) );

  // Rank 1 is size_t.
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0 ), sizeof( size_t ) );
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0_s3 ), sizeof( size_t ) );
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0_s3_s4 ), sizeof( size_t ) );

  // Allow for padding.
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s0_s0 ), 2 * sizeof( size_t ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s4 ), 2 * sizeof( size_t ) );

  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0 ), 4 * sizeof( size_t ) );
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0 ), 4 * sizeof( unsigned ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0 ), 6 * sizeof( unsigned ) );
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0 ), 6 * sizeof( unsigned ) );
  ASSERT_LE( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0 ), 8 * sizeof( unsigned ) );
  ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0 ), 8 * sizeof( unsigned ) );

  static_assert( int( dim_0::rank ) == int( 0 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 0 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_0::ArgN0 ) == 1, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_0::ArgN1 ) == 1, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_0::ArgN2 ) == 1, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s2::rank ) == int( 1 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2::rank_dynamic ) == int( 0 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2::ArgN0 ) == 2, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2::ArgN1 ) == 1, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3::rank ) == int( 2 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3::rank_dynamic ) == int( 0 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3::ArgN0 ) == 2, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3::ArgN1 ) == 3, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3::ArgN2 ) == 1, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::rank ) == int( 3 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::rank_dynamic ) == int( 0 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::ArgN0 ) == 2, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::ArgN1 ) == 3, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::ArgN2 ) == 4, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s2_s3_s4::ArgN3 ) == 1, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0::rank ) == int( 1 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 1 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3::rank ) == int( 2 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3::rank_dynamic ) == int( 1 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3::ArgN0 ) == 0, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3::ArgN1 ) == 3, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3_s4::rank ) == int( 3 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3_s4::rank_dynamic ) == int( 1 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3_s4::ArgN0 ) == 0, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3_s4::ArgN1 ) == 3, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s3_s4::ArgN2 ) == 4, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s4::rank ) == int( 3 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s4::rank_dynamic ) == int( 2 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s4::ArgN0 ) == 0, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s4::ArgN1 ) == 0, "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s4::ArgN2 ) == 4, "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 3 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 3 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 4 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 4 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 5 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 5 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 6 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 6 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 7 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 7 ), "" );

  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank ) == int( 8 ), "" );
  static_assert( int( dim_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0_s0::rank_dynamic ) == int( 8 ), "" );

  dim_s0          d1( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 );
  dim_s0_s0       d2( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 );
  dim_s0_s0_s0    d3( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 );
  dim_s0_s0_s0_s0 d4( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 );

  ASSERT_EQ( d1.N0, 2 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d2.N0, 2 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d3.N0, 2 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d4.N0, 2 );

  ASSERT_EQ( d1.N1, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d2.N1, 3 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d3.N1, 3 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d4.N1, 3 );

  ASSERT_EQ( d1.N2, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d2.N2, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d3.N2, 4 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d4.N2, 4 );

  ASSERT_EQ( d1.N3, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d2.N3, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d3.N3, 1 );
  ASSERT_EQ( d4.N3, 5 );

  //----------------------------------------

  typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s0, Kokkos::LayoutStride > stride_s0_s0_s0;

  //----------------------------------------
  // Static dimension.
  {
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s2_s3_s4, Kokkos::LayoutLeft > left_s2_s3_s4;

    ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( left_s2_s3_s4 ), sizeof( dim_s2_s3_s4 ) );

    left_s2_s3_s4 off3;

    stride_s0_s0_s0 stride3( off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_0(), 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_1(), 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_2(), 6 );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.span(), 24 );

    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.span(), stride3.span() );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k )
    for ( int j = 0; j < 3; ++j )
    for ( int i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++offset )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( off3( i, j, k ), offset );
      ASSERT_EQ( stride3( i, j, k ), off3( i, j, k ) );
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Small dimension is unpadded.
  {
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutLeft > left_s0_s0_s4;

    left_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                          , Kokkos::LayoutLeft( 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N0, 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N1, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.size(), 2 * 3 * 4 );

    const Kokkos::LayoutLeft layout = dyn_off3.layout();

    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[0], 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[1], 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[2], 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[3], 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[4], 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[5], 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[6], 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( layout.dimension[7], 1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N0, 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N1, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.size(), 2 * 3 * 4 );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k )
    for ( int j = 0; j < 3; ++j )
    for ( int i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++offset )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( offset, dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
      ASSERT_EQ( stride3( i, j, k ), dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
    }

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.span(), offset );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.span(), dyn_off3.span() );
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Large dimension is likely padded.
  {
    constexpr int N0 = 2000;
    constexpr int N1 = 300;

    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutLeft > left_s0_s0_s4;

    left_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                          , Kokkos::LayoutLeft( N0, N1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N0, N0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N1, N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.size(), N0 * N1 * 4 );

    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N0, N0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N1, N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.size(), N0 * N1 * 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.span(), dyn_off3.span() );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k )
    for ( int j = 0; j < N1; ++j )
    for ( int i = 0; i < N0; ++i )
    {
      ASSERT_LE( offset, dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
      ASSERT_EQ( stride3( i, j, k ), dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
      offset = dyn_off3( i, j, k ) + 1;
    }

    ASSERT_LE( offset, dyn_off3.span() );
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Static dimension.
  {
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s2_s3_s4, Kokkos::LayoutRight > right_s2_s3_s4;

    ASSERT_EQ( sizeof( right_s2_s3_s4 ), sizeof( dim_s2_s3_s4 ) );

    right_s2_s3_s4 off3;

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_0(), 12 );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_1(), 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_2(), 1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( off3.dimension_0(), stride3.dimension_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.dimension_1(), stride3.dimension_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.dimension_2(), stride3.dimension_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( off3.span(), stride3.span() );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int i = 0; i < 2; ++i )
    for ( int j = 0; j < 3; ++j )
    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k, ++offset )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( off3( i, j, k ), offset );
      ASSERT_EQ( off3( i, j, k ), stride3( i, j, k ) );
    }

    ASSERT_EQ( off3.span(), offset );
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Small dimension is unpadded.
  {
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutRight > right_s0_s0_s4;

    right_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                           , Kokkos::LayoutRight( 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N0, 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N1, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.size(), 2 * 3 * 4 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_0(), stride3.dimension_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_1(), stride3.dimension_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_2(), stride3.dimension_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.span(), stride3.span() );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int i = 0; i < 2; ++i )
    for ( int j = 0; j < 3; ++j )
    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k, ++offset )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( offset, dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
      ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3( i, j, k ), stride3( i, j, k ) );
    }

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.span(), offset );
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Large dimension is likely padded.
  {
    constexpr int N0 = 2000;
    constexpr int N1 = 300;

    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutRight > right_s0_s0_s4;

    right_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                           , Kokkos::LayoutRight( N0, N1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.rank, 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N0, N0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N1, N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N2, 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.m_dim.N3, 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.size(), N0 * N1 * 4 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_0(), stride3.dimension_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_1(), stride3.dimension_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.dimension_2(), stride3.dimension_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.span(), stride3.span() );

    int offset = 0;

    for ( int i = 0; i < N0; ++i )
    for ( int j = 0; j < N1; ++j )
    for ( int k = 0; k < 4; ++k )
    {
      ASSERT_LE( offset, dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
      ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3( i, j, k ), stride3( i, j, k ) );
      offset = dyn_off3( i, j, k ) + 1;
    }

    ASSERT_LE( offset, dyn_off3.span() );
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // Subview.
  {
    // Mapping rank 4 to rank 3
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::SubviewExtents< 4, 3 > SubviewExtents;

    constexpr int N0 = 1000;
    constexpr int N1 = 2000;
    constexpr int N2 = 3000;
    constexpr int N3 = 4000;

    Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< N0, N1, N2, N3 > dim;

    SubviewExtents tmp( dim
                      , N0 / 2
                      , Kokkos::ALL
                      , std::pair< int, int >( N2 / 4, 10 + N2 / 4 )
                      , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( N3 / 4, 20 + N3 / 4 )
                      );

    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.domain_offset( 0 ), N0 / 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.domain_offset( 1 ), 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.domain_offset( 2 ), N2 / 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.domain_offset( 3 ), N3 / 4 );

    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_index( 0 ), 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_index( 1 ), 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_index( 2 ), 3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_extent( 0 ), N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_extent( 1 ), 10 );
    ASSERT_EQ( tmp.range_extent( 2 ), 20 );
  }

  {
    constexpr int N0 = 2000;
    constexpr int N1 = 300;

    constexpr int sub_N0 = 1000;
    constexpr int sub_N1 = 200;
    constexpr int sub_N2 = 4;

    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutLeft > left_s0_s0_s4;

    left_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                          , Kokkos::LayoutLeft( N0, N1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    Kokkos::Impl::SubviewExtents< 3, 3 >
      sub( dyn_off3.m_dim
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N0 )
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N1 )
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N2 )
         );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3, sub );

    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_0(), sub_N0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_1(), sub_N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_2(), sub_N2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.size(), sub_N0 * sub_N1 * sub_N2 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_GE( dyn_off3.span()    , stride3.span() );

    for ( int k = 0; k < sub_N2; ++k )
    for ( int j = 0; j < sub_N1; ++j )
    for ( int i = 0; i < sub_N0; ++i )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( stride3( i, j, k ), dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
    }
  }

  {
    constexpr int N0 = 2000;
    constexpr int N1 = 300;

    constexpr int sub_N0 = 1000;
    constexpr int sub_N1 = 200;
    constexpr int sub_N2 = 4;

    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dim_s0_s0_s4, Kokkos::LayoutRight > right_s0_s0_s4;

    right_s0_s0_s4 dyn_off3( std::integral_constant< unsigned, sizeof( int ) >()
                           , Kokkos::LayoutRight( N0, N1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) );

    Kokkos::Impl::SubviewExtents< 3, 3 >
      sub( dyn_off3.m_dim
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N0 )
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N1 )
         , Kokkos::pair< int, int >( 0, sub_N2 )
         );

    stride_s0_s0_s0  stride3( dyn_off3, sub );

    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_0(), sub_N0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_1(), sub_N1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.dimension_2(), sub_N2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( stride3.size(), sub_N0 * sub_N1 * sub_N2 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_0(), stride3.stride_0() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_1(), stride3.stride_1() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dyn_off3.stride_2(), stride3.stride_2() );
    ASSERT_GE( dyn_off3.span()    , stride3.span() );

    for ( int i = 0; i < sub_N0; ++i )
    for ( int j = 0; j < sub_N1; ++j )
    for ( int k = 0; k < sub_N2; ++k )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( stride3( i, j, k ), dyn_off3( i, j, k ) );
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------
  // View data analysis.
  {
    using namespace Kokkos::Impl;

    static_assert( rank_dynamic<>::value == 0, "" );
    static_assert( rank_dynamic< 1 >::value == 0, "" );
    static_assert( rank_dynamic< 0 >::value == 1, "" );
    static_assert( rank_dynamic< 0, 1 >::value == 1, "" );
    static_assert( rank_dynamic< 0, 0, 1 >::value == 2, "" );
  }

  {
    using namespace Kokkos::Impl;

    typedef ViewArrayAnalysis< int[] >                 a_int_r1;
    typedef ViewArrayAnalysis< int**[4][5][6] >        a_int_r5;
    typedef ViewArrayAnalysis< const int[] >           a_const_int_r1;
    typedef ViewArrayAnalysis< const int**[4][5][6] >  a_const_int_r5;

    static_assert( a_int_r1::dimension::rank == 1, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r1::dimension::rank_dynamic == 1, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN0 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN1 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN2 == 4, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN3 == 5, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN4 == 6, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN5 == 1, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_int_r1::dimension, ViewDimension<0> >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_int_r1::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );

    static_assert( a_const_int_r1::dimension::rank == 1, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r1::dimension::rank_dynamic == 1, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::dimension, ViewDimension<0> >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );

    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::rank == 5, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::rank_dynamic == 2, "" );

    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN0 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN1 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN2 == 4, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN3 == 5, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN4 == 6, "" );
    static_assert( a_const_int_r5::dimension::ArgN5 == 1, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r5::dimension, ViewDimension<0, 0, 4, 5, 6> >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r5::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );

    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::rank == 5, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::rank_dynamic == 2, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_int_r5::dimension, ViewDimension<0, 0, 4, 5, 6> >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_int_r5::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );
  }

  {
    using namespace Kokkos::Impl;

    typedef int t_i4[4];

    // Dimensions of t_i4 are appended to the multdimensional array.
    typedef ViewArrayAnalysis< t_i4 ***[3] > a_int_r5;

    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::rank == 5, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::rank_dynamic == 3, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN0 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN1 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN2 == 0, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN3 == 3, "" );
    static_assert( a_int_r5::dimension::ArgN4 == 4, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_int_r5::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );
  }

  {
    using namespace Kokkos::Impl;

    typedef ViewDataAnalysis< const int[], void >  a_const_int_r1;

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::specialize, void >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::dimension, Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension<0> >::value, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::type, const int * >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::value_type, const int >::value, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::scalar_array_type, const int * >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::const_type, const int * >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::const_value_type, const int >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::const_scalar_array_type, const int * >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::non_const_type, int * >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r1::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );

    typedef ViewDataAnalysis< const int**[4], void >  a_const_int_r3;

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::specialize, void >::value, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::dimension, Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension<0, 0, 4> >::value, "" );

    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::type, const int**[4] >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::value_type, const int >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::scalar_array_type, const int**[4] >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::const_type, const int**[4] >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::const_value_type, const int >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::const_scalar_array_type, const int**[4] >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::non_const_type, int**[4] >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::non_const_value_type, int >::value, "" );
    static_assert( std::is_same< typename a_const_int_r3::non_const_scalar_array_type, int**[4] >::value, "" );

    // std::cout << "typeid( const int**[4] ).name() = " << typeid( const int**[4] ).name() << std::endl;
  }

  //----------------------------------------

  {
    constexpr int N = 10;

    typedef Kokkos::View< int*, Space >        T;
    typedef Kokkos::View< const int*, Space >  C;

    int data[N];

    T vr1( data, N ); // View of non-const.
    C cr1( vr1 );     // View of const from view of non-const.
    C cr2( (const int *) data, N );

    // Generate static_assert error:
    // T tmp( cr1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( vr1.span(), N );
    ASSERT_EQ( cr1.span(), N );
    ASSERT_EQ( vr1.data(), & data[0] );
    ASSERT_EQ( cr1.data(), & data[0] );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::data_type          , int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_data_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_data_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::scalar_array_type          , int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_scalar_array_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_scalar_array_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::value_type          , int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_value_type    , const int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_value_type, int >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::memory_space, typename Space::memory_space >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::reference_type, int & >::value ) );

    ASSERT_EQ( T::Rank, 1 );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::data_type          , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::const_data_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::non_const_data_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::scalar_array_type          , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::const_scalar_array_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::non_const_scalar_array_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::value_type          , const int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::const_value_type    , const int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::non_const_value_type, int >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::memory_space, typename Space::memory_space >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename C::reference_type, const int & >::value ) );

    ASSERT_EQ( C::Rank, 1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( vr1.extent(0), N );

    if ( Kokkos::Impl::SpaceAccessibility< Kokkos::HostSpace, typename Space::memory_space >::accessible ) {
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) data[i] = i + 1;
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( vr1[i], i + 1 );
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( cr1[i], i + 1 );

      {
        T tmp( vr1 );

        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( tmp[i], i + 1 );
        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) vr1( i ) = i + 2;
        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( tmp[i], i + 2 );
      }

      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( vr1[i], i + 2 );
    }
  }

  {
    constexpr int N = 10;
    typedef Kokkos::View< int*, Space >        T;
    typedef Kokkos::View< const int*, Space >  C;

    T vr1( "vr1", N );
    C cr1( vr1 );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::data_type          , int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_data_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_data_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::scalar_array_type          , int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_scalar_array_type    , const int* >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_scalar_array_type, int* >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::value_type          , int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::const_value_type    , const int >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::non_const_value_type, int >::value ) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::memory_space, typename Space::memory_space >::value ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( ( std::is_same< typename T::reference_type, int & >::value ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( T::Rank, 1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( vr1.extent(0), N );

    if ( Kokkos::Impl::SpaceAccessibility< Kokkos::HostSpace, typename Space::memory_space >::accessible ) {
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) vr1( i ) = i + 1;
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( vr1[i], i + 1 );
      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( cr1[i], i + 1 );

      {
        T tmp( vr1 );
        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( tmp[i], i + 1 );
        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) vr1( i ) = i + 2;
        for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( tmp[i], i + 2 );
      }

      for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i ) ASSERT_EQ( vr1[i], i + 2 );
    }
  }

  // Testing proper handling of zero-length allocations.
  {
    constexpr int N = 0;
    typedef Kokkos::View< int*, Space >        T;
    typedef Kokkos::View< const int*, Space >  C;

    T vr1( "vr1", N );
    C cr1( vr1 );

    ASSERT_EQ( vr1.extent(0), 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( cr1.extent(0), 0 );
  }

  // Testing using space instance for allocation.
  // The execution space of the memory space must be available for view data initialization.
  if ( std::is_same< ExecSpace, typename ExecSpace::memory_space::execution_space >::value ) {

    using namespace Kokkos;

    typedef typename ExecSpace::memory_space  memory_space;
    typedef View< int*, memory_space >        V;

    constexpr int N = 10;

    memory_space mem_space;

    V v( "v", N );
    V va( view_alloc(), N );
    V vb( view_alloc( "vb" ), N );
    V vc( view_alloc( "vc", AllowPadding ), N );
    V vd( view_alloc( "vd", WithoutInitializing ), N );
    V ve( view_alloc( "ve", WithoutInitializing, AllowPadding ), N );
    V vf( view_alloc( "vf", mem_space, WithoutInitializing, AllowPadding ), N );
    V vg( view_alloc( mem_space, "vg", WithoutInitializing, AllowPadding ), N );
    V vh( view_alloc( WithoutInitializing, AllowPadding ), N );
    V vi( view_alloc( WithoutInitializing ), N );
    V vj( view_alloc( std::string( "vj" ), AllowPadding ), N );
    V vk( view_alloc( mem_space, std::string( "vk" ), AllowPadding ), N );
  }

  {
    typedef Kokkos::ViewTraits< int***, Kokkos::LayoutStride, ExecSpace >           traits_t;
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewDimension< 0, 0, 0 >                    dims_t;
    typedef Kokkos::Impl::ViewOffset< dims_t, Kokkos::LayoutStride >  offset_t;

    Kokkos::LayoutStride stride;

    stride.dimension[0] = 3;
    stride.dimension[1] = 4;
    stride.dimension[2] = 5;
    stride.stride[0] = 4;
    stride.stride[1] = 1;
    stride.stride[2] = 12;

    const offset_t offset( std::integral_constant< unsigned, 0 >(), stride );

    ASSERT_EQ( offset.dimension_0(), 3 );
    ASSERT_EQ( offset.dimension_1(), 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( offset.dimension_2(), 5 );

    ASSERT_EQ( offset.stride_0(), 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( offset.stride_1(), 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( offset.stride_2(), 12 );

    ASSERT_EQ( offset.span(), 60 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( offset.span_is_contiguous() );

    Kokkos::Impl::ViewMapping< traits_t, void >
      v( Kokkos::Impl::ViewCtorProp< int* >( (int*) 0 ), stride );
  }

  {
    typedef Kokkos::View< int**, Space > V;
    typedef typename V::HostMirror M;
    typedef typename Kokkos::View< int**, Space >::array_layout layout_type;

    constexpr int N0 = 10;
    constexpr int N1 = 11;

    V a( "a", N0, N1 );
    M b = Kokkos::create_mirror( a );
    M c = Kokkos::create_mirror_view( a );
    M d;

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < N0; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < N1; ++i1 )
    {
      b( i0, i1 ) = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
    }

    Kokkos::deep_copy( a, b );
    Kokkos::deep_copy( c, a );

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < N0; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < N1; ++i1 )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), c( i0, i1 ) );
    }

    Kokkos::resize( b, 5, 6 );

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < 5; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < 6; ++i1 )
    {
      int val = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
      ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), c( i0, i1 ) );
      ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), val );
    }

    Kokkos::realloc( c, 5, 6 );
    Kokkos::realloc( d, 5, 6 );

    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(0), 5 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(1), 6 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(0), 5 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(1), 6 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(0), 5 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(1), 6 );

    layout_type layout( 7, 8 );
    Kokkos::resize( b, layout );
    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < 7; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 6; i1 < 8; ++i1 )
    {
      b( i0, i1 ) = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
    }

    for ( int i0 = 5; i0 < 7; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < 8; ++i1 )
    {
      b( i0, i1 ) = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
    }

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < 7; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < 8; ++i1 )
    {
       int val = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
       ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), val );
    }

    Kokkos::realloc( c, layout );
    Kokkos::realloc( d, layout );

    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(1), 8 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(1), 8 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(1), 8 );
  }

  {
    typedef Kokkos::View< int**, Kokkos::LayoutStride, Space > V;
    typedef typename V::HostMirror M;
    typedef typename Kokkos::View< int**, Kokkos::LayoutStride, Space >::array_layout layout_type;

    constexpr int N0 = 10;
    constexpr int N1 = 11;

    const int dimensions[] = { N0, N1 };
    const int order[] = { 1, 0 };

    V a( "a", Kokkos::LayoutStride::order_dimensions( 2, order, dimensions ) );
    M b = Kokkos::create_mirror( a );
    M c = Kokkos::create_mirror_view( a );
    M d;

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < N0; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < N1; ++i1 )
    {
      b( i0, i1 ) = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
    }

    Kokkos::deep_copy( a, b );
    Kokkos::deep_copy( c, a );

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < N0; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < N1; ++i1 )
    {
      ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), c( i0, i1 ) );
    }

    const int dimensions2[] = { 7, 8 };
    const int order2[] = { 1, 0 };
    layout_type layout = layout_type::order_dimensions( 2, order2, dimensions2 );
    Kokkos::resize( b, layout );

    for ( int i0 = 0; i0 < 7; ++i0 )
    for ( int i1 = 0; i1 < 8; ++i1 )
    {
       int val = 1 + i0 + i1 * N0;
       ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), c( i0, i1 ) );
       ASSERT_EQ( b( i0, i1 ), val );
    }

    Kokkos::realloc( c, layout );
    Kokkos::realloc( d, layout );

    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.extent(1), 8 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( c.extent(1), 8 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(0), 7 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d.extent(1), 8 );

  }

  {
    typedef Kokkos::View< int*, Space > V;
    typedef Kokkos::View< int*, Space, Kokkos::MemoryUnmanaged > U;

    V a( "a", 10 );

    ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 1 );

    V b = a;

    ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.use_count(), 2 );

    {
      U c = b; // 'c' is compile-time unmanaged.

      ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( b.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( c.use_count(), 2 );

      V d = c; // 'd' is run-time unmanaged.

      ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( b.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( c.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( d.use_count(), 2 );
    }

    ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.use_count(), 2 );

    b = V();

    ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( b.use_count(), 0 );

// TODO: a.use_count() and x.use_count() are 0 with the asynchronous HPX backend. Why?
#if !defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA ) && !defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_ROCM ) && \
    !(defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_HPX ) && defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_HPX_ASYNC_DISPATCH ))
    // Cannot launch host lambda when CUDA lambda is enabled.

    typedef typename Kokkos::Impl::HostMirror< Space >::Space::execution_space host_exec_space;

    Kokkos::parallel_for( Kokkos::RangePolicy< host_exec_space >( 0, 10 ), KOKKOS_LAMBDA ( int ) {
      // 'a' is captured by copy, and the capture mechanism converts 'a' to an
      // unmanaged copy.  When the parallel dispatch accepts a move for the
      // lambda, this count should become 1.
 
      ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
      V x = a;
      ASSERT_EQ( a.use_count(), 2 );
      ASSERT_EQ( x.use_count(), 2 );
    });
#endif // #if !defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA )
  }
}

TEST_F( TEST_CATEGORY , view_mapping )
{
   test_view_mapping< TEST_EXECSPACE >();
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

template< class ViewType >
struct TestViewMapOperator {

  static_assert( ViewType::reference_type_is_lvalue_reference
               , "Test only valid for lvalue reference type" );

#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE
  const ViewType v;
#else
  ViewType v;
#endif

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void test_left( size_t i0, long & error_count ) const
  {
#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPPRECATED_CODE
    typename ViewType::value_type * const base_ptr = & v( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#else
    typename ViewType::value_type * const base_ptr = & v.access( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#endif
    const size_t n1 = v.extent(1);
    const size_t n2 = v.extent(2);
    const size_t n3 = v.extent(3);
    const size_t n4 = v.extent(4);
    const size_t n5 = v.extent(5);
    const size_t n6 = v.extent(6);
    const size_t n7 = v.extent(7);

    long offset = 0;

    for ( size_t i7 = 0; i7 < n7; ++i7 )
    for ( size_t i6 = 0; i6 < n6; ++i6 )
    for ( size_t i5 = 0; i5 < n5; ++i5 )
    for ( size_t i4 = 0; i4 < n4; ++i4 )
    for ( size_t i3 = 0; i3 < n3; ++i3 )
    for ( size_t i2 = 0; i2 < n2; ++i2 )
    for ( size_t i1 = 0; i1 < n1; ++i1 )
    {
#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE
        const long d = & v( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7 ) - base_ptr;
#else
        const long d = & v.access( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7 ) - base_ptr;
#endif
        if ( d < offset ) ++error_count;
      offset = d;
    }

    if ( v.span() <= size_t( offset ) ) ++error_count;
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void test_right( size_t i0, long & error_count ) const
  {
#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE
    typename ViewType::value_type * const base_ptr = & v( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#else
    typename ViewType::value_type * const base_ptr = & v.access( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#endif
    const size_t n1 = v.extent(1);
    const size_t n2 = v.extent(2);
    const size_t n3 = v.extent(3);
    const size_t n4 = v.extent(4);
    const size_t n5 = v.extent(5);
    const size_t n6 = v.extent(6);
    const size_t n7 = v.extent(7);

    long offset = 0;

    for ( size_t i1 = 0; i1 < n1; ++i1 )
    for ( size_t i2 = 0; i2 < n2; ++i2 )
    for ( size_t i3 = 0; i3 < n3; ++i3 )
    for ( size_t i4 = 0; i4 < n4; ++i4 )
    for ( size_t i5 = 0; i5 < n5; ++i5 )
    for ( size_t i6 = 0; i6 < n6; ++i6 )
    for ( size_t i7 = 0; i7 < n7; ++i7 )
    {
#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE
        const long d = & v( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7 ) - base_ptr;
#else
        const long d = & v.access( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7 ) - base_ptr;
#endif
        if ( d < offset ) ++error_count;
      offset = d;
    }

    if ( v.span() <= size_t( offset ) ) ++error_count;
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( size_t i, long & error_count ) const
  {
    if ( std::is_same< typename ViewType::array_layout, Kokkos::LayoutLeft >::value ) {
      test_left( i, error_count );
    }
    else if ( std::is_same< typename ViewType::array_layout, Kokkos::LayoutRight >::value ) {
      test_right( i, error_count );
    }
  }

  enum { N0 = 10 };
  enum { N1 = 9 };
  enum { N2 = 8 };
  enum { N3 = 7 };
  enum { N4 = 6 };
  enum { N5 = 5 };
  enum { N6 = 4 };
  enum { N7 = 3 };

#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE
  TestViewMapOperator() : v( "Test", N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 ) {}

 #else
  TestViewMapOperator() {

    const size_t dyn_rank = v.rank_dynamic;
    const std::string label("Test");
    switch(dyn_rank) {
      case 0:
        v = ViewType(label);
        break;
      case 1:
        v = ViewType(label, N0);
        break;
      case 2:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1);
        break;
      case 3:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2);
        break;
      case 4:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2, N3);
        break;
      case 5:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2, N3, N4);
        break;
      case 6:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5);
        break;
      case 7:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6);
        break;
      case 8:
      default:
        v = ViewType(label, N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7);

    }

  }


#endif
  void run()
  {
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(0), ( 0 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N0 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(1), ( 1 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N1 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(2), ( 2 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N2 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(3), ( 3 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N3 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(4), ( 4 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N4 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(5), ( 5 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N5 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(6), ( 6 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N6 : 1 ) );
    ASSERT_EQ( v.extent(7), ( 7 < ViewType::rank ? TestViewMapOperator<ViewType>::N7 : 1 ) );

    ASSERT_LE( v.extent(0) *
               v.extent(1) *
               v.extent(2) *
               v.extent(3) *
               v.extent(4) *
               v.extent(5) *
               v.extent(6) *
               v.extent(7)
             , v.span() );

    long error_count;
    Kokkos::RangePolicy< typename ViewType::execution_space > range( 0, v.extent(0) );
    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( range, *this, error_count );
    ASSERT_EQ( 0, error_count );
}
};

template< class Space >
void test_view_mapping_operator()
{
  typedef typename Space::execution_space ExecSpace;

  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int**, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int***, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int****, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*****, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int******, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*******, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }

  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int**, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int***, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int****, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*****, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int******, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
  { TestViewMapOperator< Kokkos::View<int*******, Kokkos::LayoutRight, ExecSpace> > f; f.run(); }
}

TEST_F( TEST_CATEGORY , view_mapping_operator )
{
  test_view_mapping_operator< TEST_EXECSPACE >();
}

TEST_F( TEST_CATEGORY , static_extent )
{
  using T = Kokkos::View<double*[2][3]>;
  ASSERT_EQ( T::static_extent(1), 2 );
  ASSERT_EQ( T::static_extent(2), 3 );
}

}