#+EXPORT_FILE_NAME: xdpdump #+TITLE: xdpdump #+MAN_CLASS_OPTIONS: :section-id "8\" \"DATE\" \"VERSION\" \"a simple tcpdump like tool for capturing packets at the XDP layer" # This file serves both as a README on github, and as the source for the man # page; the latter through the org-mode man page export support. # . # To export the man page, simply use the org-mode exporter; (require 'ox-man) if # it's not available. # . # The org-mode export doesn't support extended title lines, so manually copy # over the first line of the resulting .man file before exporting and # committing. * xdpdump - a simple tcpdump like tool for capturing packets at the XDP layer =xdpdump= is a simple XDP packet capture tool that tries to behave similar to =tcpdump=, however, it has no packet filter or decode capabilities. This can be used for debugging XDP programs that are already loaded on an interface. Packets can be dumped/inspected before on *entry* to XDP program, or after at *exit* from an XDP program. Furthermore, at *exit* the XDP action is also captured. This means that even packets that are dropped at the XDP layer can be captured via this tool. =xdpdump= works by attaching a bpf trace program to the XDP entry and/or exit function which stores the raw packet in a perf trace buffer. If no XDP program is loaded this approach can not be used and the tool will use a libpcap live-capture to be backward compatible. ** Running xdpdump The syntax for running =xdpdump= is: #+begin_src Usage: xdpdump [options] XDPDump tool to dump network traffic Options: --rx-capture Capture point for the rx direction (valid values: entry,exit) -D, --list-interfaces Print the list of available interfaces -i, --interface Name of interface to capture on --perf-wakeup Wake up xdpdump every packets -p, --program-names Specific program to attach to -s, --snapshot-length Minimum bytes of packet to capture --use-pcap Use legacy pcap format for XDP traces -w, --write Write raw packets to pcap file -x, --hex Print the full packet in hex -v, --verbose Enable verbose logging (-vv: more verbose) --version Display version information -h, --help Show this help #+end_src * The options explained The =xdpdump= tool tries to mimic the basic =tcpdump= options, but just in case below each of the available options is explained: ** --rx-capture Specify where the ingress packet gets captured. Either at the entry of the XDP program and/or exit of the XDP program. Valid options are *entry*, *exit*, or both *entry,exit*. The packet at *exit* can be modified by the XDP program. If you are interested to see both the original and modified packet, use the *entry,exit* option. With this, each packet is captured twice. The default value for this is *entry*. ** -D, --list-interfaces Display a list of available interfaces and any XDP program loaded ** --load-xdp-mode Specifies which loader mode to use with the =--load-xdp-program= option. The valid values are ‘native’, which is the default in-driver XDP mode, ‘skb’, which causes the so-called skb mode (also known as generic XDP) to be used, ‘hw’ which causes the program to be offloaded to the hardware, or ‘unspecified’ which leaves it up to the kernel to pick a mode (which it will do by picking native mode if the driver supports it, or generic mode otherwise). Note that using ‘unspecified’ can make it difficult to predict what mode a program will end up being loaded in. For this reason, the default is ‘native’. ** --load-xdp-program If no XDP program is loaded on the interface, by default, xdpdump will fallback to libpcap's live capture mode to capture the packets. Alternatively, with this option, you can ask xdpdump to load an XDP program to capture the packets directly. ** -i, --interface Listen on interface =ifname=. Note that if no XDP program is loaded on the interface it will use libpcap's live capture mode to capture the packets. ** --perf-wakeup :feat_perfbuf: Let the Kernel wake up =xdpdump= once for every == being posted in the perf ring buffer. The higher the number the less the impact is on the actual XDP program. The default value is 0, which automatically calculates the value based on the available CPUs/buffers. Use -v to see the actual used value. ** -p, --program-names [|all] This option allows you to capture packets for a specific, set of, or all XDP programs loaded on the interface. You can either specify the actual program names or program IDs separated by commas. In the case where multiple programs are attached with the same name, you should use the program ID. Use the -D option to see the loaded programs and their IDs. In addition, the Linux API does not provide the full name of the attached eBPF entry function if it's longer than 15 characters. xdpdump will try to guess the correct function name from the available BTF debug information. However, if multiple functions exist with the same leading name, it can not pick the correct one. It will dump the available functions, and you can choose the correct one, and supply it with this option. If you have programs with duplicate long names, you also need to specify the program ID with the full name. This can be done by adding the id to the name with the =@= suffix. ** -P, --promiscuous-mode This option puts the interface into promiscuous mode. ** -s, --snapshot-length Capture *snaplen* bytes of a packet rather than the default 262144 bytes. ** --use-pcap Use legacy pcap format for XDP traces. By default, it will use the PcapNG format so that it can store various metadata. ** -w, --write Write the raw packets to a pcap file rather than printing them out hexadecimal. Standard output is used if *file* is =-=. ** -x, --hex When dumping packets on the console also print the full packet content in hex. ** -v, --verbose Enable debug logging. Specify twice for even more verbosity. ** --version Display =xpdump= version information and exit. ** -h, --help Display a summary of the available options * Examples The below will load the =xdp-filter= program on eth0, but it does not do any actual filtering: #+begin_src # xdp-filter load --mode skb eth0 # # xdpdump -D Interface Prio Program name Mode ID Tag Chain actions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lo eth0 xdp_dispatcher skb 10651 d51e469e988d81da => 10 xdpfilt_alw_all 10669 0b394f43ab24501c XDP_PASS #+end_src Now we can try =xdpdump=: #+begin_src # xdpdump -i eth0 -x listening on eth0, ingress XDP program ID 10651 func xdp_dispatcher, capture mode entry, capture size 262144 bytes 1584373839.460733895: xdp_dispatcher()@entry: packet size 102 bytes, captured 102 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 1 0x0000: 52 54 00 db 44 b6 52 54 00 34 38 da 08 00 45 48 RT..D.RT.48...EH 0x0010: 00 58 d7 dd 40 00 40 06 ec c3 c0 a8 7a 01 c0 a8 .X..@.@.....z... 0x0020: 7a 64 9c de 00 16 0d d5 c6 bc 46 c9 bb 11 80 18 zd........F..... 0x0030: 01 f5 7b b4 00 00 01 01 08 0a 77 0a 8c b8 40 12 ..{.......w...@. 0x0040: cc a6 00 00 00 10 54 ce 6e 20 c3 e7 da 6c 08 42 ......T.n ...l.B 0x0050: d6 d9 ee 42 42 f0 82 c9 4f 12 ed 7b 19 ab 22 0d ...BB...O..{..". 0x0060: 09 29 a9 ee df 89 .).... 1584373839.462340808: xdp_dispatcher()@entry: packet size 66 bytes, captured 66 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 2 0x0000: 52 54 00 db 44 b6 52 54 00 34 38 da 08 00 45 48 RT..D.RT.48...EH 0x0010: 00 34 d7 de 40 00 40 06 ec e6 c0 a8 7a 01 c0 a8 .4..@.@.....z... 0x0020: 7a 64 9c de 00 16 0d d5 c6 e0 46 c9 bc 85 80 10 zd........F..... 0x0030: 01 f5 74 0c 00 00 01 01 08 0a 77 0a 8c ba 40 12 ..t.......w...@. 0x0040: d2 34 .4 ^C 2 packets captured 0 packets dropped by perf ring #+end_src Below are two more examples redirecting the capture file to =tcpdump= or =tshark=: #+begin_src # xdpdump -i eth0 -w - | tcpdump -r - -n listening on eth0, ingress XDP program ID 10651 func xdp_dispatcher, capture mode entry, capture size 262144 bytes reading from file -, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 15:55:09.075887 IP 192.168.122.1.40928 > 192.168.122.100.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 3857553815:3857553851, ack 3306438882, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 1997449167 ecr 1075234328], length 36 15:55:09.077756 IP 192.168.122.1.40928 > 192.168.122.100.ssh: Flags [.], ack 37, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 1997449169 ecr 1075244363], length 0 15:55:09.750230 IP 192.168.122.1.40928 > 192.168.122.100.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 36:72, ack 37, win 501, options [nop,nop,TS val 1997449842 ecr 1075244363], length 36 #+end_src #+begin_src # xdpdump -i eth0 -w - | tshark -r - -n listening on eth0, ingress XDP program ID 10651 func xdp_dispatcher, capture mode entry, capture size 262144 bytes 1 0.000000 192.168.122.1 → 192.168.122.100 SSH 102 Client: Encrypted packet (len=36) 2 0.000646 192.168.122.1 → 192.168.122.100 TCP 66 40158 → 22 [ACK] Seq=37 Ack=37 Win=1467 Len=0 TSval=1997621571 TSecr=1075416765 3 12.218164 192.168.122.1 → 192.168.122.100 SSH 102 Client: Encrypted packet (len=36) #+end_src One final example capturing specific XDP programs loaded on the interface: #+begin_src # xdpdump -D Interface Prio Program name Mode ID Tag Chain actions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lo eth0 xdp_dispatcher skb 10558 d51e469e988d81da => 5 xdp_test_prog_w 10576 b5a46c6e9935298c XDP_PASS => 10 xdp_pass 10582 3b185187f1855c4c XDP_PASS => 10 xdp_pass 10587 3b185187f1855c4c XDP_PASS #+end_src We would like to see the packets on the =xdp_dispatcher()= and the 2nd =xdp_pass()= program: #+begin_src # xdpdump -i eth0 --rx-capture=entry,exit -p xdp_dispatcher,xdp_pass@10587 or # xdpdump -i eth0 --rx-capture=entry,exit -p 10558,10587 listening on eth0, ingress XDP program ID 10558 func xdp_dispatcher, ID 10587 func xdp_pass, capture mode entry/exit, capture size 262144 bytes 1607694215.501287259: xdp_dispatcher()@entry: packet size 102 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 1 1607694215.501371504: xdp_pass()@entry: packet size 102 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 1 1607694215.501383099: xdp_pass()@exit[PASS]: packet size 102 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 1 1607694215.501394709: xdp_dispatcher()@exit[PASS]: packet size 102 bytes on if_index 2, rx queue 0, id 1 ^C 4 packets captured 0 packets dropped by perf ring #+end_src * BUGS Please report any bugs on Github: https://github.com/xdp-project/xdp-tools/issues * AUTHOR =xdpdump= was written by Eelco Chaudron