.is_Booster <- function(x) {
  return(all(c("R6", "lgb.Booster") %in% class(x)))  # nolint: class_equals
}

.is_Dataset <- function(x) {
  return(all(c("R6", "lgb.Dataset") %in% class(x)))  # nolint: class_equals
}

.is_Predictor <- function(x) {
  return(all(c("R6", "lgb.Predictor") %in% class(x)))  # nolint: class_equals
}

.is_null_handle <- function(x) {
  if (is.null(x)) {
    return(TRUE)
  }
  return(
    isTRUE(.Call(LGBM_HandleIsNull_R, x))
  )
}

.params2str <- function(params) {

  if (!identical(class(params), "list")) {
    stop("params must be a list")
  }

  names(params) <- gsub(".", "_", names(params), fixed = TRUE)
  param_names <- names(params)
  ret <- list()

  # Perform key value join
  for (i in seq_along(params)) {

    # If a parameter has multiple values, join those values together with commas.
    # trimws() is necessary because format() will pad to make strings the same width
    val <- paste0(
      trimws(
        format(
          x = unname(params[[i]])
          , scientific = FALSE
        )
      )
      , collapse = ","
    )
    if (nchar(val) <= 0L) next # Skip join

    # Join key value
    pair <- paste0(c(param_names[[i]], val), collapse = "=")
    ret <- c(ret, pair)

  }

  if (length(ret) == 0L) {
    return("")
  }

  return(paste0(ret, collapse = " "))

}

# [description]
#
#     Besides applying checks, this function
#
#         1. turns feature *names* into 1-based integer positions, then
#         2. adds an extra list element with skipped features, then
#         3. turns 1-based integer positions into 0-based positions, and finally
#         4. collapses the values of each list element into a string like "[0, 1]".
#
.check_interaction_constraints <- function(interaction_constraints, column_names) {
  if (is.null(interaction_constraints)) {
    return(list())
  }
  if (!identical(class(interaction_constraints), "list")) {
    stop("interaction_constraints must be a list")
  }

  column_indices <- seq_along(column_names)

  # Convert feature names to 1-based integer positions and apply checks
  for (j in seq_along(interaction_constraints)) {
    constraint <- interaction_constraints[[j]]

    if (is.character(constraint)) {
      constraint_indices <- match(constraint, column_names)
    } else if (is.numeric(constraint)) {
      constraint_indices <- as.integer(constraint)
    } else {
      stop("every element in interaction_constraints must be a character vector or numeric vector")
    }

    # Features outside range?
    bad <- !(constraint_indices %in% column_indices)
    if (any(bad)) {
      stop(
        "unknown feature(s) in interaction_constraints: "
        , toString(sQuote(constraint[bad], q = "'"))
      )
    }

    interaction_constraints[[j]] <- constraint_indices
  }

  # Add missing features as new interaction set
  remaining_indices <- setdiff(
    column_indices, sort(unique(unlist(interaction_constraints)))
  )
  if (length(remaining_indices) > 0L) {
    interaction_constraints <- c(
      interaction_constraints, list(remaining_indices)
    )
  }

  # Turn indices 0-based and convert to string
  for (j in seq_along(interaction_constraints)) {
    interaction_constraints[[j]] <- paste0(
      "[", paste0(interaction_constraints[[j]] - 1L, collapse = ","), "]"
    )
  }
  return(interaction_constraints)
}


# [description]
#     Take any character values from eval and store them in params$metric.
#     This has to account for the fact that `eval` could be a character vector,
#     a function, a list of functions, or a list with a mix of strings and
#     functions
.check_eval <- function(params, eval) {

  if (is.null(params$metric)) {
    params$metric <- list()
  } else if (is.character(params$metric)) {
    params$metric <- as.list(params$metric)
  }

  # if 'eval' is a character vector or list, find the character
  # elements and add them to 'metric'
  if (!is.function(eval)) {
    for (i in seq_along(eval)) {
      element <- eval[[i]]
      if (is.character(element)) {
        params$metric <- append(params$metric, element)
      }
    }
  }

  # If more than one character metric was given, then "None" should
  # not be included
  if (length(params$metric) > 1L) {
    params$metric <- Filter(
        f = function(metric) {
          !(metric %in% .NO_METRIC_STRINGS())
        }
        , x = params$metric
    )
  }

  # duplicate metrics should be filtered out
  params$metric <- as.list(unique(unlist(params$metric)))

  return(params)
}


# [description]
#
#     Resolve differences between passed-in keyword arguments, parameters,
#     and parameter aliases. This function exists because some functions in the
#     package take in parameters through their own keyword arguments other than
#     the `params` list.
#
#     If the same underlying parameter is provided multiple
#     ways, the first item in this list is used:
#
#         1. the main (non-alias) parameter found in `params`
#         2. the alias with the highest priority found in `params`
#         3. the keyword argument passed in
#
#     For example, "num_iterations" can also be provided to lgb.train()
#     via keyword "nrounds". lgb.train() will choose one value for this parameter
#     based on the first match in this list:
#
#         1. params[["num_iterations]]
#         2. the highest priority alias of "num_iterations" found in params
#         3. the nrounds keyword argument
#
#     If multiple aliases are found in `params` for the same parameter, they are
#     all removed before returning `params`.
#
# [return]
#     params with num_iterations set to the chosen value, and other aliases
#     of num_iterations removed
.check_wrapper_param <- function(main_param_name, params, alternative_kwarg_value) {

  aliases <- .PARAMETER_ALIASES()[[main_param_name]]
  aliases_provided <- aliases[aliases %in% names(params)]
  aliases_provided <- aliases_provided[aliases_provided != main_param_name]

  # prefer the main parameter
  if (!is.null(params[[main_param_name]])) {
    for (param in aliases_provided) {
      params[[param]] <- NULL
    }
    return(params)
  }

  # if the main parameter wasn't provided, prefer the first alias
  if (length(aliases_provided) > 0L) {
    first_param <- aliases_provided[1L]
    params[[main_param_name]] <- params[[first_param]]
    for (param in aliases_provided) {
      params[[param]] <- NULL
    }
    return(params)
  }

  # if not provided in params at all, use the alternative value provided
  # through a keyword argument from lgb.train(), lgb.cv(), etc.
  params[[main_param_name]] <- alternative_kwarg_value
  return(params)
}

#' @importFrom parallel detectCores
.get_default_num_threads <- function() {
  if (requireNamespace("RhpcBLASctl", quietly = TRUE)) {  # nolint: undesirable_function
    return(RhpcBLASctl::get_num_cores())
  } else {
    msg <- "Optional package 'RhpcBLASctl' not found."
    cores <- 0L
    if (Sys.info()["sysname"] != "Linux") {
      cores <- parallel::detectCores(logical = FALSE)
      if (is.na(cores) || cores < 0L) {
        cores <- 0L
      }
    }
    if (cores == 0L) {
      msg <- paste(msg, "Will use default number of OpenMP threads.", sep = " ")
    } else {
      msg <- paste(msg, "Detection of CPU cores might not be accurate.", sep = " ")
    }
    warning(msg)
    return(cores)
  }
}

.equal_or_both_null <- function(a, b) {
  if (is.null(a)) {
    if (!is.null(b)) {
      return(FALSE)
    }
    return(TRUE)
  } else {
    if (is.null(b)) {
      return(FALSE)
    }
    return(a == b)
  }
}

# ref: https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/issues/6435
.emit_dataset_kwarg_warning <- function(calling_function, argname) {
  msg <- sprintf(
    paste0(
      "Argument '%s' to %s() is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. "
      , "Set '%s' with lgb.Dataset() instead. "
      , "See https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/issues/6435."
    )
    , argname
    , calling_function
    , argname
  )
  warning(msg)
  return(invisible(NULL))
}