/***************************************************************************** * McPAT * SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT * Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. * All Rights Reserved * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer; * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.” * ***************************************************************************/ #include "io.h" #include "parameter.h" #include "const.h" #include "logic.h" #include "basic_circuit.h" #include #include #include "XML_Parse.h" #include #include #include #include "iocontrollers.h" #include "basic_components.h" /* SUN Niagara 2 I/O power analysis: total signal bits: 711 Total FBDIMM bits: (14+10)*2*8= 384 PCIe bits: (8 + 8)*2 = 32 10Gb NIC: (4*2+4*2)*2 = 32 Debug I/Os: 168 Other I/Os: 711- 32-32 - 384 - 168 = 95 According to "Implementation of an 8-Core, 64-Thread, Power-Efficient SPARC Server on a Chip" 90% of I/Os are SerDers (the calucaltion is 384+64/(711-168)=83% about the same as the 90% reported in the paper) --> around 80Pins are common I/Os. Common I/Os consumes 71mW/Gb/s according to Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm Niagara 2 I/O clock is 1/4 of core clock. --> 87pin (<--((711-168)*17%)) * 71mW/Gb/s *0.25*1.4Ghz = 2.17W Total dynamic power of FBDIMM, NIC, PCIe = 84*0.132 + 84*0.049*0.132 = 11.14 - 2.17 = 8.98 Further, if assuming I/O logic power is about 50% of I/Os then Total energy of FBDIMM, NIC, PCIe = 11.14 - 2.17*1.5 = 7.89 */ /* * A bug in Cadence ChipEstimator: After update the clock rate in the clock tab, a user * need to re-select the IP clock (the same clk) and then click Estimate. if not reselect * the new clock rate may not be propogate into the IPs. * */ NIUController::NIUController(ParseXML *XML_interface,InputParameter* interface_ip_) :XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { double frontend_area, phy_area, mac_area, SerDer_area; double frontend_dyn, mac_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double frontend_gates, mac_gates, SerDer_gates = 0.; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; set_niu_param(); local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); if (niup.type == 0) //high performance NIU { //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm. mac_area = (1.53 + 0.3)/2 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, ISSCC "An 800mW 10Gb Ethernet Transceiver in 0.13μm CMOS" //and"A 1.2-V-Only 900-mW 10 Gb Ethernet Transceiver and XAUI Interface With Robust VCO Tuning Technique" Frontend is PCS frontend_area = (9.8 + (6 + 18)*65/130*65/130)/3 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence ChipEstimate hard IP @65nm. //SerDer is very hard to scale SerDer_area = (1.39 + 0.36) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065);//* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); phy_area = frontend_area + SerDer_area; //total area area.set_area((mac_area + frontend_area + SerDer_area)*1e6); //Power //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm (mac, front_end are all energy. E=P*T = P/F = 1.37/1Ghz = 1.37e-9); mac_dyn = 2.19e-9*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0);//niup.clockRate; //2.19W@1GHz fully active according to Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; frontend_dyn = 0.27e-9*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0);//niup.clockRate; //according to "A 100mW 9.6Gb/s Transceiver in 90nm CMOS..." ISSCC 2006 //SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01*10*sqrt(interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.09)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2; SerDer_dyn /= niup.clockRate;//covert to energy per clock cycle of whole NIU //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm mac_gates = 111700; frontend_gates = 320000; SerDer_gates = 200000; NMOS_sizing = 5*g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = 5*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } else {//Low power implementations are mostly from Cadence ChipEstimator; Ignore the multiple IP effect // ---When there are multiple IP (same kind or not) selected, Cadence ChipEstimator results are not // a simple summation of all IPs. Ignore this effect mac_area = 0.24 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); frontend_area = 0.1 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065);//Frontend is the PCS layer SerDer_area = 0.35 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Compare 130um implementation in "A 1.2-V-Only 900-mW 10 Gb Ethernet Transceiver and XAUI Interface With Robust VCO Tuning Technique" //and the ChipEstimator XAUI PHY hard IP, confirm that even PHY can scale perfectly with the technology //total area area.set_area((mac_area + frontend_area + SerDer_area)*1e6); //Power //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm (mac, front_end are all energy. E=P*T = P/F = 1.37/1Ghz = 1.37e-9); mac_dyn = 1.257e-9*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0);//niup.clockRate; //2.19W@1GHz fully active according to Cadence ChipEstimate @65nm //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; frontend_dyn = 0.6e-9*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0);//niup.clockRate; //SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 216mw/10Gb/s @130nm SerDer_dyn = 0.0216*10*(interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.13)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2; SerDer_dyn /= niup.clockRate;//covert to energy per clock cycle of whole NIU mac_gates = 111700; frontend_gates = 52000; SerDer_gates = 199260; NMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_*pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } power_t.readOp.dynamic = mac_dyn + frontend_dyn + SerDer_dyn; power_t.readOp.leakage = (mac_gates + frontend_gates + frontend_gates)*cmos_Isub_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd;//unit W double long_channel_device_reduction = longer_channel_device_reduction(Uncore_device); double pg_reduction = power_gating_leakage_reduction(false); power_t.readOp.longer_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.power_gated_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * pg_reduction; power_t.readOp.power_gated_with_long_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.power_gated_leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.gate_leakage = (mac_gates + frontend_gates + frontend_gates)*cmos_Ig_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd;//unit W } void NIUController::computeEnergy(bool is_tdp) { if (is_tdp) { power = power_t; power.readOp.dynamic *= niup.duty_cycle; } else { rt_power = power_t; rt_power.readOp.dynamic *= niup.perc_load; } } void NIUController::displayEnergy(uint32_t indent,int plevel,bool is_tdp) { string indent_str(indent, ' '); string indent_str_next(indent+2, ' '); bool long_channel = XML->sys.longer_channel_device; bool power_gating = XML->sys.power_gating; if (is_tdp) { cout << "NIU:" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Area = " << area.get_area()*1e-6<< " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic*niup.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage:power.readOp.leakage) <<" W" << endl; if (power_gating) cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage with power gating = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.power_gated_with_long_channel_leakage : power.readOp.power_gated_leakage) << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic*niup.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout<sys.niu.clockrate; niup.clockRate *= 1e6; niup.num_units = XML->sys.niu.number_units; niup.duty_cycle = XML->sys.niu.duty_cycle; niup.perc_load = XML->sys.niu.total_load_perc; niup.type = XML->sys.niu.type; if ( XML->sys.niu.vdd>0) { interface_ip.specific_hp_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lop_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lstp_vdd = true; interface_ip.hp_Vdd = XML->sys.niu.vdd; interface_ip.lop_Vdd = XML->sys.niu.vdd; interface_ip.lstp_Vdd = XML->sys.niu.vdd; } if ( XML->sys.niu.power_gating_vcc > -1) { interface_ip.specific_vcc_min = true; interface_ip.user_defined_vcc_min = XML->sys.niu.power_gating_vcc; } // niup.executionTime = XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); } PCIeController::PCIeController(ParseXML *XML_interface,InputParameter* interface_ip_) :XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { double frontend_area, phy_area, ctrl_area, SerDer_area; double ctrl_dyn, frontend_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double ctrl_gates,frontend_gates, SerDer_gates=0.; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; /* Assuming PCIe is bit-slice based architecture * This is the reason for /8 in both area and power calculation * to get per lane numbers */ set_pcie_param(); local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); if (pciep.type == 0) //high performance NIU { //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence ChipEstimate @ 65nm. ctrl_area = (5.2 + 0.5)/2 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, and Cadence ChipEstimate @ 65nm. frontend_area = (5.2 + 0.1)/2 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2 and Cadence ChipEstimate hard IP @65nm. //SerDer is very hard to scale SerDer_area = (3.03 + 0.36) * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065);//* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); phy_area = frontend_area + SerDer_area; //total area //Power //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm the controller includes everything: the PHY, the data link and transaction layer ctrl_dyn = 3.75e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); // //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; // frontend_dyn = 0.27e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); //SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01*4*(interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.09)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2;//PCIe 2.0 max per lane speed is 4Gb/s SerDer_dyn /= pciep.clockRate;//covert to energy per clock cycle //power_t.readOp.dynamic = (ctrl_dyn)*pciep.num_channels; //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm ctrl_gates = 900000/8*pciep.num_channels; // frontend_gates = 120000/8; // SerDer_gates = 200000/8; NMOS_sizing = 5*g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = 5*g_tp.min_w_nmos_*pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } else { ctrl_area = 0.412 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //Area estimation based on average of die photo from Niagara 2, and Cadence ChipEstimate @ 65nm. SerDer_area = 0.36 * (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065)* (interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.065); //total area //Power //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm the controller includes everything: the PHY, the data link and transaction layer ctrl_dyn = 2.21e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); // //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm soft IP; // frontend_dyn = 0.27e-9/8*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.1*(interface_ip.F_sz_nm/65.0); //SerDer_dyn is power not energy, scaling from 10mw/Gb/s @90nm SerDer_dyn = 0.01*4*(interface_ip.F_sz_um/0.09)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd/1.2;//PCIe 2.0 max per lane speed is 4Gb/s SerDer_dyn /= pciep.clockRate;//covert to energy per clock cycle //Cadence ChipEstimate using 65nm ctrl_gates = 200000/8*pciep.num_channels; // frontend_gates = 120000/8; SerDer_gates = 200000/8*pciep.num_channels; NMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_; PMOS_sizing = g_tp.min_w_nmos_*pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r; } area.set_area(((ctrl_area + (pciep.withPHY? SerDer_area:0))/8*pciep.num_channels)*1e6); power_t.readOp.dynamic = (ctrl_dyn + (pciep.withPHY? SerDer_dyn:0))*pciep.num_channels; power_t.readOp.leakage = (ctrl_gates + (pciep.withPHY? SerDer_gates:0))*cmos_Isub_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd;//unit W double long_channel_device_reduction = longer_channel_device_reduction(Uncore_device); double pg_reduction = power_gating_leakage_reduction(false); power_t.readOp.longer_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.power_gated_leakage = power_t.readOp.leakage * pg_reduction; power_t.readOp.power_gated_with_long_channel_leakage = power_t.readOp.power_gated_leakage * long_channel_device_reduction; power_t.readOp.gate_leakage = (ctrl_gates + (pciep.withPHY? SerDer_gates:0))*cmos_Ig_leakage(NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing, 2, nand)*g_tp.peri_global.Vdd;//unit W } void PCIeController::computeEnergy(bool is_tdp) { if (is_tdp) { power = power_t; power.readOp.dynamic *= pciep.duty_cycle; } else { rt_power = power_t; rt_power.readOp.dynamic *= pciep.perc_load; } } void PCIeController::displayEnergy(uint32_t indent,int plevel,bool is_tdp) { string indent_str(indent, ' '); string indent_str_next(indent+2, ' '); bool long_channel = XML->sys.longer_channel_device; bool power_gating = XML->sys.power_gating; if (is_tdp) { cout << "PCIe:" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Area = " << area.get_area()*1e-6<< " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic*pciep.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage:power.readOp.leakage) <<" W" << endl; if (power_gating) cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage with power gating = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.power_gated_with_long_channel_leakage : power.readOp.power_gated_leakage) << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic*pciep.clockRate << " W" << endl; cout<sys.pcie.clockrate; pciep.clockRate *= 1e6; pciep.num_units = XML->sys.pcie.number_units; pciep.num_channels = XML->sys.pcie.num_channels; pciep.duty_cycle = XML->sys.pcie.duty_cycle; pciep.perc_load = XML->sys.pcie.total_load_perc; pciep.type = XML->sys.pcie.type; pciep.withPHY = XML->sys.pcie.withPHY; if ( XML->sys.pcie.vdd>0) { interface_ip.specific_hp_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lop_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lstp_vdd = true; interface_ip.hp_Vdd = XML->sys.pcie.vdd; interface_ip.lop_Vdd = XML->sys.pcie.vdd; interface_ip.lstp_Vdd = XML->sys.pcie.vdd; } if ( XML->sys.pcie.power_gating_vcc > -1) { interface_ip.specific_vcc_min = true; interface_ip.user_defined_vcc_min = XML->sys.pcie.power_gating_vcc; } // pciep.executionTime = XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); } FlashController::FlashController(ParseXML *XML_interface,InputParameter* interface_ip_) :XML(XML_interface), interface_ip(*interface_ip_) { double frontend_area, phy_area, ctrl_area, SerDer_area; double ctrl_dyn, frontend_dyn, SerDer_dyn; double ctrl_gates,frontend_gates, SerDer_gates=0.; double pmos_to_nmos_sizing_r = pmos_to_nmos_sz_ratio(); double NMOS_sizing, PMOS_sizing; /* Assuming PCIe is bit-slice based architecture * This is the reason for /8 in both area and power calculation * to get per lane numbers */ set_fc_param(); local_result = init_interface(&interface_ip); if (fcp.type == 0) //high performance NIU { cout<<"Current McPAT does not support high performance flash contorller since even low power designs are enough for maintain throughput"<sys.longer_channel_device; bool power_gating = XML->sys.power_gating; if (is_tdp) { cout << "Flash Controller:" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Area = " << area.get_area()*1e-6<< " mm^2" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Peak Dynamic = " << power.readOp.dynamic << " W" << endl;//no multiply of clock since this is power already cout << indent_str<< "Subthreshold Leakage = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.longer_channel_leakage:power.readOp.leakage) <<" W" << endl; if (power_gating) cout << indent_str << "Subthreshold Leakage with power gating = " << (long_channel? power.readOp.power_gated_with_long_channel_leakage : power.readOp.power_gated_leakage) << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str<< "Gate Leakage = " << power.readOp.gate_leakage << " W" << endl; cout << indent_str << "Runtime Dynamic = " << rt_power.readOp.dynamic << " W" << endl; cout<sys.flashc.mc_clock; // fcp.clockRate *= 1e6; fcp.peakDataTransferRate = XML->sys.flashc.peak_transfer_rate; fcp.num_channels = ceil(fcp.peakDataTransferRate/200); fcp.num_mcs = XML->sys.flashc.number_mcs; fcp.duty_cycle = XML->sys.flashc.duty_cycle; fcp.perc_load = XML->sys.flashc.total_load_perc; fcp.type = XML->sys.flashc.type; fcp.withPHY = XML->sys.flashc.withPHY; // flashcp.executionTime = XML->sys.total_cycles/(XML->sys.target_core_clockrate*1e6); if ( XML->sys.flashc.vdd>0) { interface_ip.specific_hp_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lop_vdd = true; interface_ip.specific_lstp_vdd = true; interface_ip.hp_Vdd = XML->sys.flashc.vdd; interface_ip.lop_Vdd = XML->sys.flashc.vdd; interface_ip.lstp_Vdd = XML->sys.flashc.vdd; } if ( XML->sys.flashc.power_gating_vcc > -1) { interface_ip.specific_vcc_min = true; interface_ip.user_defined_vcc_min = XML->sys.flashc.power_gating_vcc; } }