// Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Fabian Schuiki

//! A preprocessor for SystemVerilog files that takes the raw stream of
//! tokens generated by a lexer and performs include and macro
//! resolution.

use crate::cat::*;
use moore_common::errors::{DiagBuilder2, DiagResult2};
use moore_common::source::*;
use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt, path::Path, rc::Rc};

use once_cell::sync::Lazy;

type TokenAndSpan = (CatTokenKind, Span);

pub struct Preprocessor<'a> {
    /// The stack of input files. Tokens are taken from the topmost stream until
    /// the end of input, at which point the stream is popped and the process
    /// continues with the next stream. Used to handle include files.
    stack: Vec<Stream<'a>>,
    /// References to the source contents that were touched by the preprocessor.
    /// Keeping these around ensures that all emitted tokens remain valid (and
    /// point to valid memory locations) at least until the preprocessor is
    /// dropped.
    contents: Vec<Rc<dyn SourceContent>>,
    /// The current token, or None if either the end of the stream has been
    /// encountered, or at the beginning when no token has been read yet.
    token: Option<TokenAndSpan>,
    /// The defined macros.
    macro_defs: HashMap<String, Macro>,
    /// The stack used to inject expanded macros into the token stream.
    macro_stack: Vec<TokenAndSpan>,
    /// The paths that are searched for included files, besides the current
    /// file's directory.
    include_paths: &'a [&'a Path],
    /// The define conditional stack. Whenever a `ifdef, `ifndef, `else, `elsif,
    /// or `endif directive is encountered, the stack is expanded, modified, or
    /// reduced to reflect the kind of conditional block we're in.
    defcond_stack: Vec<Defcond>,
    /// Currently enabled directives.
    dirs: Directives,
}

impl<'a> Preprocessor<'a> {
    /// Create a new preprocessor for the given source file.
    pub fn new(
        source: Source,
        include_paths: &'a [&'a Path],
        macro_defs: &'a [(&'a str, Option<&'a str>)],
    ) -> Preprocessor<'a> {
        let content = source.get_content();
        let content_unbound = unsafe { &*(content.as_ref() as *const dyn SourceContent) };
        let iter = content_unbound.iter();
        let macro_defs = macro_defs
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(name, value)| {
                let body = match value {
                    Some(value) => {
                        // Create dummy sources for each user defined macro.
                        let src = get_source_manager().add_anonymous(*value);
                        let span = Span::new(src, 0, value.len());
                        Cat::new(Box::new(value.char_indices()))
                            .map(|x| (x.0, span))
                            .collect()
                    }
                    None => Vec::new(),
                };
                (
                    name.to_string(),
                    Macro {
                        name: name.to_string(),
                        span: INVALID_SPAN,
                        args: Vec::new(),
                        body: body,
                    },
                )
            })
            .collect();
        Preprocessor {
            stack: vec![Stream {
                source: source,
                iter: Cat::new(iter),
            }],
            contents: vec![content],
            token: None,
            macro_defs,
            macro_stack: Vec::new(),
            include_paths: include_paths,
            defcond_stack: Vec::new(),
            dirs: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Advance to the next token in the input stream.
    fn bump(&mut self) {
        self.token = self.macro_stack.pop();
        if self.token.is_some() {
            return;
        }
        loop {
            self.token = match self.stack.last_mut() {
                Some(stream) => stream
                    .iter
                    .next()
                    .map(|tkn| (tkn.0, Span::new(stream.source, tkn.1, tkn.2))),
                None => return,
            };
            if self.token.is_none() {
                self.stack.pop();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Called whenever we have encountered a backtick followed by a text token.
    /// This function handles all compiler directives and performs file
    /// inclusion and macro expansion.
    fn handle_directive<S: AsRef<str>>(&mut self, dir_name: S, span: Span) -> DiagResult2<()> {
        let dir_name = dir_name.as_ref();
        let dir = DIRECTIVES_TABLE
            .get(dir_name)
            .map(|x| *x)
            .unwrap_or(Directive::Unknown);

        match dir {
            Directive::Include => {
                if self.is_inactive() {
                    return Ok(());
                }

                // Skip leading whitespace.
                match self.token {
                    Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                    _ => (),
                }

                // Match the opening double quotes or angular bracket.
                let name_p;
                let name_q;
                let closing =
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol('"'), sp)) => {
                            name_p = sp.end();
                            self.bump();
                            '"'
                        }
                        Some((Symbol('<'), sp)) => {
                            name_p = sp.end();
                            self.bump();
                            '>'
                        }
                        _ => return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                            "expected filename inside double quotes (\"...\") or angular brackets \
                             (<...>) after `include",
                        )
                        .span(span)),
                    };

                // Accumulate the include path until the closing symbol.
                let mut filename = String::new();
                loop {
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol(c), sp)) if c == closing => {
                            name_q = sp.begin();
                            break;
                        }
                        Some((Newline, sp)) => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected end of included file's name before line break",
                            )
                            .span(sp));
                        }
                        Some((_, sp)) => {
                            filename.push_str(&sp.extract());
                            self.bump();
                        }
                        None => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected filename after `include directive before the end of the \
                                 input",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Create a new lexer for the included filename and push it onto the
                // stream stack.
                // TODO: Search only system location if `include <...> is used
                let included_source = match self.open_include(&filename, &span.source.get_path()) {
                    Some(src) => src,
                    None => {
                        // TODO: Add notes to the message indicating which files have been tried.
                        return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                            "cannot open included file \"{}\"",
                            filename
                        ))
                        .span(Span::union(name_p, name_q)));
                    }
                };

                let content = included_source.get_content();
                let content_unbound = unsafe { &*(content.as_ref() as *const dyn SourceContent) };
                let iter = content_unbound.iter();
                self.contents.push(content);
                self.stack.push(Stream {
                    source: included_source,
                    iter: Cat::new(iter),
                });

                self.bump();
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Define => {
                if self.is_inactive() {
                    return Ok(());
                }

                // Skip leading whitespace.
                match self.token {
                    Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                    _ => (),
                }

                let makro = self.handle_macro_definition(span)?;

                self.macro_defs.insert(makro.name.clone(), makro);
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Undef => {
                if self.is_inactive() {
                    return Ok(());
                }

                // Skip leading whitespace.
                match self.token {
                    Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                    _ => (),
                }

                // Consume the macro name.
                let (name, _) = match self.try_eat_name() {
                    Some(x) => x,
                    None => {
                        return Err(
                            DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected macro name after \"`undef\"").span(span)
                        );
                    }
                };

                // Remove the macro definition.
                self.macro_defs.remove(&name);
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Undefineall => {
                if self.is_inactive() {
                    return Ok(());
                }
                self.macro_defs.clear();
            }

            Directive::Ifdef | Directive::Ifndef | Directive::Elsif => {
                // Skip leading whitespace.
                match self.token {
                    Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                    _ => (),
                }

                // Consume the macro name.
                let name = match self.try_eat_name() {
                    Some((x, _)) => x,
                    _ => {
                        return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                            "expected macro name after {}",
                            dir_name
                        ))
                        .span(span));
                    }
                };
                let exists = self.macro_defs.contains_key(&name);

                // Depending on the directive, modify the define conditional
                // stack.
                match dir {
                    Directive::Ifdef => self.defcond_stack.push(if self.is_inactive() {
                        Defcond::Done
                    } else if exists {
                        Defcond::Enabled
                    } else {
                        Defcond::Disabled
                    }),
                    Directive::Ifndef => self.defcond_stack.push(if self.is_inactive() {
                        Defcond::Done
                    } else if exists {
                        Defcond::Disabled
                    } else {
                        Defcond::Enabled
                    }),
                    Directive::Elsif => {
                        match self.defcond_stack.pop() {
                            Some(Defcond::Done) | Some(Defcond::Enabled) => {
                                self.defcond_stack.push(Defcond::Done)
                            }
                            Some(Defcond::Disabled) => {
                                self.defcond_stack.push(if self.is_inactive() {
                                    Defcond::Done
                                } else if exists {
                                    Defcond::Enabled
                                } else {
                                    Defcond::Disabled
                                })
                            }
                            None => {
                                return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                    "found `elsif without any preceeding `ifdef, `ifndef, or \
                                     `elsif directive",
                                )
                                .span(span))
                            }
                        };
                    }
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                }

                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Else => {
                match self.defcond_stack.pop() {
                    Some(Defcond::Disabled) => self.defcond_stack.push(Defcond::Enabled),
                    Some(Defcond::Enabled) | Some(Defcond::Done) => {
                        self.defcond_stack.push(Defcond::Done)
                    }
                    None => {
                        return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                            "found `else without any preceeding `ifdef, `ifndef, or `elsif \
                             directive",
                        )
                        .span(span))
                    }
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Endif => {
                if self.defcond_stack.pop().is_none() {
                    return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                        "found `endif without any preceeding `ifdef, `ifndef, `else, or `elsif \
                         directive",
                    )
                    .span(span));
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            // Perform macro substitution. If we're currently inside the
            // inactive region of a define conditional (i.e. disabled or done),
            // don't bother expanding the macro.
            Directive::Unknown => {
                if self.is_inactive() {
                    return Ok(());
                }
                // TODO(fschuiki): This unsafe here is ugly. Why is this needed
                // again?
                if let Some(ref makro) = unsafe { &*(self as *const Preprocessor) }
                    .macro_defs
                    .get(dir_name)
                {
                    let args = self.handle_macro_expansion_args(makro, span)?;

                    // Now we have a problem. All the tokens of the macro name
                    // have been parsed and we would like to continue by
                    // injecting the tokens of the macro body, such as to
                    // perform substitution. The token just after the macro use,
                    // e.g. the whitespace in "`foo ", is already in the buffer.
                    // However, we don't want this token to be the next, but
                    // rather have it follow after the macro expansion. To do
                    // this, we need to push the token onto the macro stack and
                    // then call `self.bump()` once the expansion has been added
                    // to the stack.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((x, sp)) => self.macro_stack.push((x, sp)),
                        None => (),
                    }

                    // Push the tokens of the macro onto the stack, potentially
                    // substituting any macro parameters as necessary.
                    if args.is_empty() {
                        self.macro_stack
                            .extend(makro.body.iter().rev().map(|&(tkn, sp)| (tkn, sp)));
                    } else {
                        let mut replacement = Vec::<TokenAndSpan>::new();
                        // TODO: Make this work for argument names that contain
                        // underscores.
                        for tkn in &makro.body {
                            match *tkn {
                                (Text, sp) => match args.get(&sp.extract()) {
                                    Some(substitute) => {
                                        replacement.extend(substitute);
                                    }
                                    None => replacement.push(*tkn),
                                },
                                x => replacement.push(x),
                            }
                        }
                        self.macro_stack
                            .extend(replacement.iter().rev().map(|&(tkn, sp)| (tkn, sp)));
                    }

                    self.bump();
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }

            // Ignore the "`timescale" directive for now.
            Directive::Timescale => {
                while let Some((tkn, _)) = self.token {
                    if tkn == Newline {
                        break;
                    }
                    self.bump();
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::CurrentFile => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.macro_stack.push((CatTokenKind::Text, span));
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::CurrentLine => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.macro_stack.push((CatTokenKind::Digits, span));
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Resetall => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.dirs = Default::default();
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Celldefine => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.dirs.celldefine = true;
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Endcelldefine => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.dirs.celldefine = false;
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::DefaultNettype => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    // Skip leading whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Parse the nettype.
                    let tkn = match self.token {
                        Some(tkn @ (Text, _)) => {
                            self.bump();
                            tkn
                        }
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected nettype after `default_nettype",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };

                    // Store the nettype in the directive set.
                    self.dirs.default_nettype = if tkn.1.extract() == "none" {
                        None
                    } else {
                        Some(tkn)
                    };
                    debug!(
                        "Set default_nettype to `{}`",
                        self.dirs
                            .default_nettype
                            .map(|(_, sp)| sp.extract())
                            .unwrap_or_else(|| "none".to_string())
                    );
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::BeginKeywords => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    // Skip leading whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Consume the opening symbol.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol('"'), _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected `\"` after `begin_keywords")
                                .span(span));
                        }
                    };

                    // Consume the version specifier.
                    let mut spec = String::new();
                    while let Some(tkn) = self.token {
                        if tkn.0 == Symbol('"') {
                            break;
                        }
                        spec.push_str(&tkn.1.extract());
                        self.bump();
                    }

                    // Consume the closing symbol.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol('"'), _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected `\"` after version specifier",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };

                    // Parse the version.
                    let spec = match KeywordsDirective::from_str(&spec) {
                        Some(spec) => spec,
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                                "unknown `begin_keywords version specifier `{}`",
                                spec
                            ))
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };
                    self.dirs.keywords.push(spec);
                    debug!("Push keywords; now `{:?}`", self.dirs.keywords.last());
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::EndKeywords => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    if self.dirs.keywords.pop().is_none() {
                        return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                            "`end_keywords without earlier `begin_keywords",
                        )
                        .span(span));
                    }
                    debug!("Pop keywords; now `{:?}`", self.dirs.keywords.last());
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::Line => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Consume line number.
                    // TODO: Actually make use of this.
                    let _line = match self.token {
                        Some((Digits, sp)) => {
                            self.bump();
                            sp
                        }
                        _ => {
                            return Err(
                                DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected line number after `line").span(span)
                            );
                        }
                    };

                    // Skip whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Consume the opening symbol.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol('"'), _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected `\"` after line number in `line",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };

                    // Consume the file name.
                    let mut filename = String::new();
                    while let Some(tkn) = self.token {
                        if tkn.0 == Symbol('"') {
                            break;
                        }
                        filename.push_str(&tkn.1.extract());
                        self.bump();
                    }

                    // Consume the closing symbol.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Symbol('"'), _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected `\"` after filename in `line",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };

                    // Skip whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Consume level.
                    // TODO: Actually make use of this.
                    let _level = match self.token {
                        Some((Digits, sp)) => {
                            self.bump();
                            sp
                        }
                        _ => {
                            return Err(
                                DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected level after `line").span(span)
                            );
                        }
                    };

                    debug!("Ignoring `line directive");
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::UnconnectedDrive => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    // Skip leading whitespace.
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    }

                    // Parse the pull type.
                    let tkn = match self.token {
                        Some((Text, _)) => self.token,
                        _ => None,
                    };
                    let pull = match tkn.map(|(_, sp)| sp.extract()).as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()) {
                        Some("pull0") => UnconnectedDrive::Pull0,
                        Some("pull1") => UnconnectedDrive::Pull1,
                        _ => {
                            return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                                "expected `pull0` or `pull1` after `unconnected_drive",
                            )
                            .span(span));
                        }
                    };
                    self.bump(); // consume the pull

                    // Store the directive.
                    self.dirs.unconnected_drive = Some(pull);
                    debug!("Set unconnected_drive to {:?}", self.dirs.unconnected_drive);
                }
                return Ok(());
            }

            Directive::NoUnconnectedDrive => {
                if !self.is_inactive() {
                    self.dirs.unconnected_drive = None;
                    debug!("Set unconnected_drive to {:?}", self.dirs.unconnected_drive);
                }
                return Ok(());
            }
        }

        return Err(
            DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!("unknown compiler directive '`{}'", dir_name)).span(span),
        );
    }

    fn open_include(&mut self, filename: &str, current_file: &str) -> Option<Source> {
        // println!("Resolving include '{}' from '{}'", filename, current_file);
        let first = [Path::new(current_file)
            .parent()
            .expect("current file path must have a valid parent")];
        let prefices = first.iter().chain(self.include_paths.iter());
        let sm = get_source_manager();
        for prefix in prefices {
            let mut buf = prefix.to_path_buf();
            buf.push(filename);
            // println!("  trying {}", buf.to_str().unwrap());
            let src = sm.open(buf.to_str().unwrap());
            if src.is_some() {
                return src;
            }
        }
        return None;
    }

    /// Check whether we are inside a disabled define conditional. That is,
    /// whether a preceeding `ifdef, `ifndef, `else, or `elsif directive have
    /// disabled the subsequent code.
    fn is_inactive(&self) -> bool {
        match self.defcond_stack.last() {
            Some(&Defcond::Enabled) | None => false,
            _ => true,
        }
    }

    fn try_eat_name(&mut self) -> Option<(String, Span)> {
        // Eat the first token of the name, which may either be a letter or an
        // underscore.
        let (mut name, mut span) = match self.token {
            Some((Text, sp)) | Some((Symbol('_'), sp)) => (sp.extract(), sp),
            _ => return None,
        };
        self.bump();

        // Eat the remaining tokens of the name, which may be letters, digits,
        // or underscores.
        loop {
            match self.token {
                Some((Text, sp)) | Some((Digits, sp)) | Some((Symbol('_'), sp)) => {
                    name.push_str(&sp.extract());
                    span.expand(sp);
                    self.bump();
                }
                _ => break,
            }
        }

        Some((name, span))
    }

    // Skip over any white space characters.
    fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) -> bool {
        match self.token {
            Some((Whitespace, _)) => {
                self.bump();
                true
            }
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    // Parse the macro definition following a '`define' directive.
    fn handle_macro_definition(&mut self, define_span: Span) -> Result<Macro, DiagBuilder2> {
        let mut all_span = define_span;

        // Consume the macro name.
        let (name, name_span) = match self.try_eat_name() {
            Some(x) => x,
            None => {
                return Err(
                    DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected macro name after \"`define\"").span(define_span)
                );
            }
        };
        all_span.expand(define_span);
        let mut makro = Macro::new(name, name_span);

        // NOTE: No whitespace is allowed after the macro name such that
        // the preprocessor does not mistake the a in "`define FOO (a)"
        // for a macro argument.

        makro.args = self.handle_macro_definition_args()?;

        // Skip whitespace between the macro parameters and definition.
        self.skip_whitespace();

        // Consume the macro definition up to the next newline not preceded
        // by a backslash, ignoring comments, whitespace and newlines.
        loop {
            match self.token {
                Some((Newline, _)) => {
                    self.bump();
                    break;
                }
                // Some((Whitespace, _)) => self.bump(),
                // Some((Comment, _)) => self.bump(),
                Some((Symbol('\\'), _)) => {
                    self.bump();
                    match self.token {
                        Some((Newline, _)) => self.bump(),
                        _ => (),
                    };
                }
                Some(x) => {
                    makro.body.push(x);
                    self.bump();
                }
                None => break,
            }
        }
        Ok(makro)
    }

    fn handle_macro_definition_args(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<MacroArg>, DiagBuilder2> {
        // Consume the opening parenthesis.
        let mut all_span = match self.token {
            Some((Symbol('('), sp)) => {
                self.bump();
                sp
            }
            _ => return Ok(vec![]),
        };

        // Consume the arguments.
        let mut args = vec![];
        loop {
            // Check if we ran out of arguments.
            self.skip_whitespace();
            match self.token {
                Some((Symbol(')'), _)) => {
                    self.bump();
                    break;
                }
                None => {
                    return Err(
                        DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected `)` after macro arguments").span(all_span)
                    )
                }
                _ => (),
            }

            // Consume the argument name.
            let (name, name_span) = match self.try_eat_name() {
                Some(x) => x,
                _ => {
                    return Err(
                        DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected macro argument name").span(all_span.end())
                    );
                }
            };
            self.skip_whitespace();

            // Consume the optional default parameter.
            let default = match self.token {
                Some((Symbol('='), sp)) => {
                    all_span.expand(sp);
                    self.bump();
                    self.skip_whitespace();
                    let mut tokens = vec![];
                    let mut nesting = 0;
                    loop {
                        match self.token {
                            Some((Symbol(','), _)) | Some((Symbol(')'), _)) if nesting == 0 => {
                                match tokens.last() {
                                    Some((Whitespace, _)) => {
                                        tokens.pop();
                                    }
                                    _ => (),
                                }
                                break;
                            }
                            Some(x @ (Symbol('('), _))
                            | Some(x @ (Symbol('{'), _))
                            | Some(x @ (Symbol('['), _)) => {
                                nesting += 1;
                                all_span.expand(x.1);
                                tokens.push(x);
                                self.bump();
                            }
                            Some(x @ (Symbol(')'), _))
                            | Some(x @ (Symbol('}'), _))
                            | Some(x @ (Symbol(']'), _)) => {
                                nesting -= 1;
                                all_span.expand(x.1);
                                tokens.push(x);
                                self.bump();
                            }
                            Some(x) => {
                                all_span.expand(x.1);
                                tokens.push(x);
                                self.bump();
                            }
                            _ => break,
                        }
                    }
                    Some(tokens)
                }
                _ => None,
            };

            args.push(MacroArg {
                name,
                span: name_span,
                default,
            });

            // Consume the trailing comma.
            self.skip_whitespace();
            match self.token {
                Some((Symbol(','), _)) => self.bump(),
                Some((Symbol(')'), _)) => (),
                Some((_, sp)) => {
                    return Err(
                        DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected `,` or `)` after macro argument").span(sp),
                    )
                }
                None => (),
            }
        }
        Ok(args)
    }

    fn handle_macro_expansion_args(
        &mut self,
        makro: &Macro,
        span: Span,
    ) -> Result<MacroExpansionParams, DiagBuilder2> {
        // If the macro does not define any arguments, we're done.
        if makro.args.is_empty() {
            return Ok(Default::default());
        }
        let mut all_span = span;

        // Skip whitespace between '`foo' and `(`.
        self.skip_whitespace();

        // Consume the opening paranthesis.
        match self.token {
            Some((Symbol('('), sp)) => {
                self.bump();
                all_span.expand(sp);
            }
            _ => {
                return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                    "expected macro arguments for `{}`",
                    makro.name
                ))
                .span(all_span)
                .add_note(format!(
                    "At least parenthesis are needed: `{}()`",
                    makro.name
                ))
                .add_note(format!(
                    "Macro `{}` defines {} arguments:",
                    makro.name,
                    makro.args.len()
                ))
                .span(makro.span));
            }
        }
        self.skip_whitespace();

        // Consume the macro arguments. Be careful about the fact that it is
        // allowed to have parentheses as macro arguments, which requires
        // bookkeeping of the parentheses nesting level. If a comma is
        // encountered, we break out of the inner loop such that the next
        // parameter will be read. If a  closing parenthesis is encountered, we
        // break out of the outer loop to finish parameter parsing.
        let mut args = vec![];
        'outer: loop {
            let mut arg_tokens = Vec::<TokenAndSpan>::new();
            let mut nesting = 0;
            loop {
                match self.token {
                    Some((Symbol(','), sp)) if nesting == 0 => {
                        args.push(arg_tokens);
                        all_span.expand(sp);
                        self.bump();
                        self.skip_whitespace();
                        break;
                    }
                    Some((Symbol(')'), sp)) if nesting == 0 => {
                        args.push(arg_tokens);
                        all_span.expand(sp);
                        self.bump();
                        break 'outer;
                    }
                    Some(x @ (Symbol('('), _))
                    | Some(x @ (Symbol('{'), _))
                    | Some(x @ (Symbol('['), _)) => {
                        arg_tokens.push(x);
                        nesting += 1;
                        self.bump();
                        all_span.expand(x.1);
                    }
                    Some(x @ (Symbol(')'), _))
                    | Some(x @ (Symbol('}'), _))
                    | Some(x @ (Symbol(']'), _)) => {
                        arg_tokens.push(x);
                        nesting -= 1;
                        self.bump();
                        all_span.expand(x.1);
                    }
                    Some(x) => {
                        arg_tokens.push(x);
                        self.bump();
                        all_span.expand(x.1);
                    }
                    None => {
                        return Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal("expected `)` after macro arguments")
                            .span(all_span));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Remove trailing whitespace from macro arguments.
        for arg in &mut args {
            match arg.last() {
                Some((Whitespace, _)) => {
                    arg.pop();
                }
                _ => (),
            }
        }

        // Align the expansion arguments with those in the macro definition.
        if makro.args.len() < args.len() {
            let d = DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                "macro expansion with {} arguments, but `{}` expects {} arguments",
                args.len(),
                makro.name,
                makro.args.len()
            ))
            .span(all_span)
            .add_note(format!("Definition of `{}` was here:", makro.name))
            .span(makro.span);
            return Err(d);
        }
        let args = makro
            .args
            .iter()
            .zip(args.into_iter().map(Some).chain(std::iter::repeat(None)))
            .map(|(def, exp)| {
                let is_empty = !exp.iter().flatten().any(|(t, _)| match t {
                    Whitespace => false,
                    _ => true,
                });
                let value = match (exp, def.default.as_ref()) {
                    // Expansion arguments include this argument, but may be
                    // empty.
                    (Some(ref _exp), Some(default)) if is_empty => default.clone(),
                    (Some(ref _exp), None) if is_empty => vec![],
                    (Some(exp), _) => exp,

                    // Expansion arguments ended before this argument.
                    (None, Some(default)) => default.clone(),
                    (None, None) => {
                        let d = DiagBuilder2::fatal(format!(
                            "macro expansion missing value for `{}`",
                            def.name
                        ))
                        .span(all_span)
                        .add_note(format!(
                            "Macro argument `{}` needs a value because it has no default:",
                            def.name
                        ))
                        .span(def.span);
                        return Err(d);
                    }
                };
                Ok((def.name.clone(), value))
            })
            .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, _>>()?;

        Ok(args)
    }
}

type MacroExpansionParams = HashMap<String, Vec<TokenAndSpan>>;

impl<'a> Iterator for Preprocessor<'a> {
    type Item = DiagResult2<TokenAndSpan>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<DiagResult2<TokenAndSpan>> {
        // In case this is the first call to next(), the token has not been
        // populated yet. In this case we need to artificially bump the lexer.
        if self.token.is_none() {
            self.bump();
        }
        loop {
            // This is the main loop of the lexer. Upon each iteration the next
            // token is inspected and the lexer decides whether to emit it or
            // not. If no token was emitted (e.g. because it was a preprocessor
            // directive or we're inside an inactive `ifdef block), the loop
            // continues with the next token.
            match self.token {
                Some((Symbol('`'), sp_backtick)) => {
                    self.bump(); // consume the backtick
                    if let Some((name, sp)) = self.try_eat_name() {
                        // We arrive here if the sequence a backtick
                        // followed by text was encountered. In this case we
                        // call upon the handle_directive function to
                        // perform the necessary actions.
                        let dir_span = Span::union(sp_backtick, sp);
                        match self.handle_directive(name, dir_span) {
                            Err(x) => return Some(Err(x)),
                            _ => (),
                        }
                        continue;
                    } else if let Some(tkn @ (Symbol('"'), _)) = self.token {
                        // emit the '"'
                        self.bump();
                        if !self.is_inactive() {
                            return Some(Ok(tkn));
                        }
                    } else if let Some(tkn @ (Symbol('\\'), _)) = self.token {
                        // emit the '\'
                        self.bump();
                        if !self.is_inactive() {
                            return Some(Ok(tkn));
                        }
                    } else if let Some((Symbol('`'), _)) = self.token {
                        self.bump(); // consume the second backtick and ignore
                    } else {
                        return Some(Err(DiagBuilder2::fatal(
                            "expected compiler directive after '`', or '``', '`\"', or '`\\'",
                        )
                        .span(sp_backtick)));
                    }
                }
                _ => {
                    // All tokens other than preprocessor directives are
                    // emitted, unless we're currently inside a disabled define
                    // conditional.
                    if self.is_inactive() {
                        self.bump();
                    } else {
                        let tkn = self.token.map(|x| Ok(x));
                        self.bump();
                        return tkn;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

struct Stream<'a> {
    source: Source,
    iter: Cat<'a>,
}

/// The different compiler directives recognized by the preprocessor.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum Directive {
    Include,
    Define,
    Undef,
    Undefineall,
    Ifdef,
    Ifndef,
    Else,
    Elsif,
    Endif,
    Timescale,
    CurrentFile,
    CurrentLine,
    Resetall,
    Celldefine,
    Endcelldefine,
    DefaultNettype,
    BeginKeywords,
    EndKeywords,
    Line,
    UnconnectedDrive,
    NoUnconnectedDrive,
    Unknown,
}

impl fmt::Display for Directive {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Directive::Include => write!(f, "`include"),
            Directive::Define => write!(f, "`define"),
            Directive::Undef => write!(f, "`undef"),
            Directive::Undefineall => write!(f, "`undefineall"),
            Directive::Ifdef => write!(f, "`ifdef"),
            Directive::Ifndef => write!(f, "`ifndef"),
            Directive::Else => write!(f, "`else"),
            Directive::Elsif => write!(f, "`elsif"),
            Directive::Endif => write!(f, "`endif"),
            Directive::Timescale => write!(f, "`timescale"),
            Directive::CurrentFile => write!(f, "`__FILE__"),
            Directive::CurrentLine => write!(f, "`__LINE__"),
            Directive::Resetall => write!(f, "`resetall"),
            Directive::Celldefine => write!(f, "`celldefine"),
            Directive::Endcelldefine => write!(f, "`endcelldefine"),
            Directive::DefaultNettype => write!(f, "`default_nettype"),
            Directive::BeginKeywords => write!(f, "`begin_keywords"),
            Directive::EndKeywords => write!(f, "`end_keywords"),
            Directive::Line => write!(f, "`line"),
            Directive::UnconnectedDrive => write!(f, "`unconnected_drive"),
            Directive::NoUnconnectedDrive => write!(f, "`nounconnected_drive"),
            Directive::Unknown => write!(f, "unknown"),
        }
    }
}

static DIRECTIVES_TABLE: Lazy<HashMap<&'static str, Directive>> = Lazy::new(|| {
    let mut table = HashMap::new();
    table.insert("include", Directive::Include);
    table.insert("define", Directive::Define);
    table.insert("undef", Directive::Undef);
    table.insert("undefineall", Directive::Undefineall);
    table.insert("ifdef", Directive::Ifdef);
    table.insert("ifndef", Directive::Ifndef);
    table.insert("else", Directive::Else);
    table.insert("elsif", Directive::Elsif);
    table.insert("endif", Directive::Endif);
    table.insert("__FILE__", Directive::CurrentFile);
    table.insert("__LINE__", Directive::CurrentLine);
    table.insert("resetall", Directive::Resetall);
    table.insert("celldefine", Directive::Celldefine);
    table.insert("endcelldefine", Directive::Endcelldefine);
    table.insert("default_nettype", Directive::DefaultNettype);
    table.insert("begin_keywords", Directive::BeginKeywords);
    table.insert("end_keywords", Directive::EndKeywords);
    table.insert("line", Directive::Line);
    table.insert("unconnected_drive", Directive::UnconnectedDrive);
    table.insert("nounconnected_drive", Directive::NoUnconnectedDrive);
    table.insert("timescale", Directive::Timescale);
    table
});

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Macro {
    name: String,
    span: Span,
    args: Vec<MacroArg>,
    body: Vec<TokenAndSpan>,
}

impl Macro {
    fn new(name: String, span: Span) -> Macro {
        Macro {
            name: name,
            span: span,
            args: Vec::new(),
            body: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct MacroArg {
    name: String,
    span: Span,
    default: Option<Vec<TokenAndSpan>>,
}

enum Defcond {
    Done,
    Enabled,
    Disabled,
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct Directives {
    celldefine: bool,
    default_nettype: Option<TokenAndSpan>,
    keywords: Vec<KeywordsDirective>,
    unconnected_drive: Option<UnconnectedDrive>,
}

#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
#[derive(Debug)]
enum KeywordsDirective {
    Ieee1800_2009,
    Ieee1800_2005,
    Ieee1364_2005,
    Ieee1364_2001,
    Ieee1364_2001_Noconfig,
    Ieee1364_1995,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum UnconnectedDrive {
    Pull0,
    Pull1,
}

impl KeywordsDirective {
    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
        match s {
            "1800-2009" => Some(Self::Ieee1800_2009),
            "1800-2005" => Some(Self::Ieee1800_2005),
            "1364-2005" => Some(Self::Ieee1364_2005),
            "1364-2001" => Some(Self::Ieee1364_2001),
            "1364-2001-noconfig" => Some(Self::Ieee1364_2001_Noconfig),
            "1364-1995" => Some(Self::Ieee1364_1995),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn preproc(input: &str) -> Preprocessor {
        use std::cell::Cell;
        thread_local!(static INDEX: Cell<usize> = Cell::new(0));
        let sm = get_source_manager();
        let idx = INDEX.with(|i| {
            let v = i.get();
            i.set(v + 1);
            v
        });
        let source = sm.add(&format!("test_{}.sv", idx), input);
        Preprocessor::new(source, &[], &[])
    }

    fn check_str(input: &str, expected: &str) {
        let pp = preproc(input);
        let actual: String = pp.map(|x| x.unwrap().1.extract()).collect();
        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn include() {
        let sm = get_source_manager();
        sm.add("other.sv", "bar\n");
        sm.add("test.sv", "foo\n`include \"other.sv\"\nbaz");
        let pp = Preprocessor::new(sm.open("test.sv").unwrap(), &[], &[]);
        let actual: Vec<_> = pp.map(|x| x.unwrap().0).collect();
        assert_eq!(actual, &[Text, Newline, Text, Newline, Newline, Text,]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn include_and_define() {
        let sm = get_source_manager();
        sm.add("other.sv", "/* World */\n`define foo 42\nbar");
        sm.add(
            "test.sv",
            "// Hello\n`include \"other.sv\"\n`foo something\n",
        );
        let pp = Preprocessor::new(sm.open("test.sv").unwrap(), &[], &[]);
        let actual: String = pp
            .map(|x| {
                let x = x.unwrap();
                println!("{:?}", x);
                x.1.extract()
            })
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(actual, "// Hello\n/* World */\nbar\n42 something\n");
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "unknown compiler directive")]
    fn conditional_define() {
        let sm = get_source_manager();
        let source = sm.add("test.sv", "`ifdef FOO\n`define BAR\n`endif\n`BAR");
        let mut pp = Preprocessor::new(source, &[], &[]);
        while let Some(tkn) = pp.next() {
            tkn.unwrap();
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_args() {
        check_str(
            "`define foo(x,y) {x + y _bar}\n`foo(12, foo)\n",
            "{12 + foo _bar}\n",
        );
    }

    /// Verify that macros that take no arguments but have parantheses around
    /// their body parse properly.
    #[test]
    fn macro_noargs_parentheses() {
        check_str(
            "`define FOO 4\n`define BAR (`FOO+$clog2(2))\n`BAR",
            "(4+$clog2(2))",
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_name_with_digits_and_underscores() {
        check_str("`define AXI_BUS21_SV 42\n`AXI_BUS21_SV", "42");
    }
}