/* Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
   as published by the Free Software Foundation.

   This program is designed to work with certain software (including
   but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
   as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
   documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
   permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
   separately licensed software that they have either included with
   the program or referenced in the documentation.

   Without limiting anything contained in the foregoing, this file,
   which is part of C Driver for MySQL (Connector/C), is also subject to the
   Universal FOSS Exception, version 1.0, a copy of which can be found at
   http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/universal-foss-exception.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA */

/**
  @file mysys/charset.cc
*/

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <new>

#include "my_config.h"

#include "m_string.h"
#include "map_helpers.h"
#include "my_dbug.h"
#include "my_dir.h"
#include "my_inttypes.h"
#include "my_io.h"
#include "my_sys.h"
#include "mysql/my_loglevel.h"
#include "mysql/psi/mysql_file.h"
#include "mysql/service_mysql_alloc.h"
#include "mysql/strings/collations.h"
#include "mysql/strings/int2str.h"
#include "mysql/strings/m_ctype.h"
#include "mysys/mysys_priv.h"
#include "mysys_err.h"
#include "nulls.h"
#include "strings/collations_internal.h"
#include "strmake.h"
#include "strxmov.h"

/*
  The code below implements this functionality:

    - Initializing charset related structures
    - Loading dynamic charsets
    - Searching for a proper CHARSET_INFO
      using charset name, collation name or collation ID
    - Setting server default character set
*/

extern CHARSET_INFO my_charset_cp932_japanese_ci;

namespace {

class Mysys_charset_loader : public MY_CHARSET_LOADER {
 public:
  Mysys_charset_loader(const Mysys_charset_loader &) = delete;
  Mysys_charset_loader(const Mysys_charset_loader &&) = delete;
  Mysys_charset_loader &operator=(const Mysys_charset_loader &) = delete;
  Mysys_charset_loader &operator=(const Mysys_charset_loader &&) = delete;

  Mysys_charset_loader() = default;
  ~Mysys_charset_loader() override = default;

  void reporter(loglevel level, uint errcode, ...) override {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, errcode);
    my_charset_error_reporter(level, errcode, args);
    va_end(args);
  }

  void *once_alloc(size_t sz) override {
    return my_once_alloc(sz, MYF(MY_WME));
  }

  void *mem_malloc(size_t sz) override {
    return my_malloc(key_memory_charset_loader, sz, MYF(MY_WME));
  }

  void mem_free(void *ptr) override { my_free(ptr); }

  void *read_file(const char *path, size_t *size) override;
};

}  // namespace

static mysql::collation_internals::Collations *entry() {
  return mysql::collation_internals::entry;
}

/**
  Report character set initialization errors and warnings.
  Be silent by default: no warnings on the client side.
*/
static void default_reporter(loglevel /*unused*/, uint errcode [[maybe_unused]],
                             va_list /* unused */) {}
my_error_vreporter my_charset_error_reporter = default_reporter;

constexpr size_t MY_MAX_ALLOWED_BUF = static_cast<size_t>(1024) * 1024;

const char *charsets_dir = nullptr;

void *Mysys_charset_loader::read_file(const char *path, size_t *size) {
  MY_STAT stat_info{};
  if (!my_stat(path, &stat_info, 0)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  size_t len = stat_info.st_size;
  if (len > MY_MAX_ALLOWED_BUF) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  // NOLINTNEXTLINE we *do* use a smart pointer here.
  unique_ptr_free<uint8_t> buf(static_cast<uint8_t *>(malloc(len)));
  if (buf == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  int fd = mysql_file_open(key_file_charset, path, O_RDONLY, 0);
  if (fd < 0) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  size_t tmp_len = mysql_file_read(fd, buf.get(), len, 0);
  mysql_file_close(fd, 0);
  if (tmp_len != len) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  *size = len;
  return buf.release();
}

char *get_charsets_dir(char *buf) {
  const char *sharedir = SHAREDIR;
  DBUG_TRACE;

  if (charsets_dir != nullptr)
    strmake(buf, charsets_dir, FN_REFLEN - 1);
  else {
    if (test_if_hard_path(sharedir) ||
        is_prefix(sharedir, DEFAULT_CHARSET_HOME))
      strxmov(buf, sharedir, "/", CHARSET_DIR, NullS);
    else
      strxmov(buf, DEFAULT_CHARSET_HOME, "/", sharedir, "/", CHARSET_DIR,
              NullS);
  }
  char *res = convert_dirname(buf, buf, NullS);
  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("charsets dir: '%s'", buf));
  return res;
}

const CHARSET_INFO *all_charsets[MY_ALL_CHARSETS_SIZE] = {nullptr};
CHARSET_INFO *default_charset_info = &my_charset_latin1;

static std::once_flag charsets_initialized;

static Mysys_charset_loader *loader = nullptr;

static void init_available_charsets() {
  assert(loader == nullptr);
  loader = new Mysys_charset_loader;

  char charset_dir[FN_REFLEN];
  get_charsets_dir(charset_dir);

  mysql::collation::initialize(charset_dir, loader);
  entry()->iterate(
      [](const CHARSET_INFO *cs) { all_charsets[cs->number] = cs; });
}

uint get_collation_number(const char *collation_name) {
  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);
  mysql::collation::Name name{collation_name};
  return entry()->get_collation_id(name);
}

unsigned get_charset_number(const char *cs_name, uint cs_flags) {
  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);
  mysql::collation::Name name{cs_name};
  if ((cs_flags & MY_CS_PRIMARY)) {
    return entry()->get_primary_collation_id(name);
  }
  if ((cs_flags & MY_CS_BINSORT)) {
    return entry()->get_default_binary_collation_id(name);
  }
  assert(false);
  return 0;
}

const char *get_collation_name(uint charset_number) {
  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);

  CHARSET_INFO *cs = entry()->find_by_id(charset_number);
  if (cs != nullptr) {
    assert(cs->number == charset_number);
    assert(cs->m_coll_name != nullptr);
    return cs->m_coll_name;
  }

  return "?"; /* this mimics find_type() */
}

CHARSET_INFO *get_charset(uint cs_number, myf flags) {
  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);

  if (cs_number == default_charset_info->number) return default_charset_info;

  if (cs_number == 0 || cs_number >= MY_ALL_CHARSETS_SIZE) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  CHARSET_INFO *cs = entry()->find_by_id(cs_number);
  if (!cs && (flags & MY_WME)) {
    char index_file[FN_REFLEN + sizeof(MY_CHARSET_INDEX)];
    constexpr int cs_string_size = 23;
    char cs_string[cs_string_size];
    my_stpcpy(get_charsets_dir(index_file), MY_CHARSET_INDEX);
    cs_string[0] = '#';
    longlong10_to_str(cs_number, cs_string + 1, 10);
    my_error(EE_UNKNOWN_CHARSET, MYF(0), cs_string, index_file);
  }
  return cs;
}

/**
  Find collation by name: extended version of get_charset_by_name()
  to return error messages to the caller.
  @param [in]  collation_name Collation name
  @param [in]  flags   Flags
  @param [out] errmsg  Error message buffer (if any)

  @return          NULL on error, pointer to collation on success
*/

CHARSET_INFO *my_collation_get_by_name(const char *collation_name, myf flags,
                                       MY_CHARSET_ERRMSG *errmsg) {
  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);

  mysql::collation::Name name{collation_name};
  CHARSET_INFO *cs = entry()->find_by_name(name, flags, errmsg);
  if (!cs && (flags & MY_WME)) {
    char index_file[FN_REFLEN + sizeof(MY_CHARSET_INDEX)];
    my_stpcpy(get_charsets_dir(index_file), MY_CHARSET_INDEX);
    my_error(EE_UNKNOWN_COLLATION, MYF(0), name().c_str(), index_file);
  }
  return cs;
}

CHARSET_INFO *get_charset_by_name(const char *cs_name, myf flags) {
  MY_CHARSET_ERRMSG dummy;
  return my_collation_get_by_name(cs_name, flags, &dummy);
}

/**
  Find character set by name: extended version of get_charset_by_csname()
  to return error messages to the caller.
  @param [in]  cs_name  Collation name
  @param [in]  cs_flags Character set flags (e.g. default or binary collation)
  @param [in]  flags    Flags
  @param [out] errmsg   Error message buffer (if any)

  @return           NULL on error, pointer to collation on success
*/
CHARSET_INFO *my_charset_get_by_name(const char *cs_name, uint cs_flags,
                                     myf flags, MY_CHARSET_ERRMSG *errmsg) {
  DBUG_TRACE;
  DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("name: '%s'", cs_name));

  std::call_once(charsets_initialized, init_available_charsets);

  mysql::collation::Name name{cs_name};
  CHARSET_INFO *cs = nullptr;
  if (cs_flags & MY_CS_PRIMARY) {
    cs = entry()->find_primary(name, flags, errmsg);
    if (cs == nullptr && name() == "utf8") {
      // Dictionary bootstrap still uses "utf8".
      // Also needed for e.g. SET character_set_client= 'utf8'.
      cs = entry()->find_primary(mysql::collation::Name("utf8mb3"), flags,
                                 errmsg);
    }
  } else if (cs_flags & MY_CS_BINSORT) {
    cs = entry()->find_default_binary(name, flags, errmsg);
    if (cs == nullptr && name() == "utf8") {
      assert(false);  // TODO(tdidriks) no longer needed?
      cs = entry()->find_default_binary(mysql::collation::Name("utf8mb3"),
                                        flags, errmsg);
    }
  }
  if (!cs && (flags & MY_WME)) {
    char index_file[FN_REFLEN + sizeof(MY_CHARSET_INDEX)];
    my_stpcpy(get_charsets_dir(index_file), MY_CHARSET_INDEX);
    my_error(EE_UNKNOWN_CHARSET, MYF(0), cs_name, index_file);
  }

  return cs;
}

CHARSET_INFO *get_charset_by_csname(const char *cs_name, uint cs_flags,
                                    myf flags) {
  MY_CHARSET_ERRMSG dummy;
  return my_charset_get_by_name(cs_name, cs_flags, flags, &dummy);
}

/**
  Resolve character set by the character set name (utf8, latin1, ...).

  The function tries to resolve character set by the specified name. If
  there is character set with the given name, it is assigned to the "cs"
  parameter and false is returned. If there is no such character set,
  "default_cs" is assigned to the "cs" and true is returned.

  @param[in] cs_name    Character set name.
  @param[in] default_cs Default character set.
  @param[out] cs        Variable to store character set.

  @return false if character set was resolved successfully; true if there
  is no character set with given name.
*/

bool resolve_charset(const char *cs_name, const CHARSET_INFO *default_cs,
                     const CHARSET_INFO **cs) {
  *cs = get_charset_by_csname(cs_name, MY_CS_PRIMARY, MYF(0));

  if (*cs == nullptr) {
    *cs = default_cs;
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

/**
  Resolve collation by the collation name (utf8_general_ci, ...).

  The function tries to resolve collation by the specified name. If there
  is collation with the given name, it is assigned to the "cl" parameter
  and false is returned. If there is no such collation, "default_cl" is
  assigned to the "cl" and true is returned.

  @param[out] cl        Variable to store collation.
  @param[in] cl_name    Collation name.
  @param[in] default_cl Default collation.

  @return false if collation was resolved successfully; true if there is no
  collation with given name.
*/

bool resolve_collation(const char *cl_name, const CHARSET_INFO *default_cl,
                       const CHARSET_INFO **cl) {
  *cl = get_charset_by_name(cl_name, MYF(0));

  if (*cl == nullptr) {
    *cl = default_cl;
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

/*
  Escape string with backslashes (\)

  SYNOPSIS
    escape_string_for_mysql()
    charset_info        Charset of the strings
    to                  Buffer for escaped string
    to_length           Length of destination buffer, or 0
    from                The string to escape
    length              The length of the string to escape

  DESCRIPTION
    This escapes the contents of a string by adding backslashes before special
    characters, and turning others into specific escape sequences, such as
    turning newlines into \n and null bytes into \0.

  NOTE
    To maintain compatibility with the old C API, to_length may be 0 to mean
    "big enough"

  RETURN VALUES
    (size_t) -1 The escaped string did not fit in the to buffer
    #           The length of the escaped string
*/

size_t escape_string_for_mysql(const CHARSET_INFO *charset_info, char *to,
                               size_t to_length, const char *from,
                               size_t length) {
  const char *to_start = to;
  const char *end = nullptr;
  const char *to_end = to_start + (to_length ? to_length - 1 : 2 * length);
  bool overflow = false;
  const bool use_mb_flag = use_mb(charset_info);
  for (end = from + length; from < end; from++) {
    char escape = 0;
    int tmp_length = 0;
    if (use_mb_flag && (tmp_length = my_ismbchar(charset_info, from, end))) {
      if (to + tmp_length > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      while (tmp_length--) *to++ = *from++;
      from--;
      continue;
    }
    /*
     If the next character appears to begin a multi-byte character, we
     escape that first byte of that apparent multi-byte character. (The
     character just looks like a multi-byte character -- if it were actually
     a multi-byte character, it would have been passed through in the test
     above.)

     Without this check, we can create a problem by converting an invalid
     multi-byte character into a valid one. For example, 0xbf27 is not
     a valid GBK character, but 0xbf5c is. (0x27 = ', 0x5c = \)
    */
    tmp_length = use_mb_flag ? my_mbcharlen_ptr(charset_info, from, end) : 0;
    if (tmp_length > 1)
      escape = *from;
    else
      switch (*from) {
        case 0: /* Must be escaped for 'mysql' */
          escape = '0';
          break;
        case '\n': /* Must be escaped for logs */
          escape = 'n';
          break;
        case '\r':
          escape = 'r';
          break;
        case '\\':
          escape = '\\';
          break;
        case '\'':
          escape = '\'';
          break;
        case '"': /* Better safe than sorry */
          escape = '"';
          break;
        case '\032': /* This gives problems on Win32 */
          escape = 'Z';
          break;
      }
    if (escape) {
      if (to + 2 > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      *to++ = '\\';
      *to++ = escape;
    } else {
      if (to + 1 > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      *to++ = *from;
    }
  }
  *to = 0;
  return overflow ? (size_t)-1 : (size_t)(to - to_start);
}

#ifdef _WIN32
static CHARSET_INFO *fs_cset_cache = nullptr;

CHARSET_INFO *fs_character_set() {
  if (!fs_cset_cache) {
    char buf[10] = "cp";
    GetLocaleInfo(LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, LOCALE_IDEFAULTANSICODEPAGE, buf + 2,
                  sizeof(buf) - 3);
    /*
      We cannot call get_charset_by_name here
      because fs_character_set() is executed before
      LOCK_THD_charset mutex initialization, which
      is used inside get_charset_by_name.
      As we're now interested in cp932 only,
      let's just detect it using strcmp().
    */
    fs_cset_cache =
        !strcmp(buf, "cp932") ? &my_charset_cp932_japanese_ci : &my_charset_bin;
  }
  return fs_cset_cache;
}
#endif

/*
  Escape apostrophes by doubling them up

  SYNOPSIS
    escape_quotes_for_mysql()
    charset_info        Charset of the strings
    to                  Buffer for escaped string
    to_length           Length of destination buffer, or 0
    from                The string to escape
    length              The length of the string to escape
    quote               The quote the buffer will be escaped against

  DESCRIPTION
    This escapes the contents of a string by doubling up any character
    specified by the quote parameter. This is used when the
    NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES SQL_MODE is in effect on the server.

  NOTE
    To be consistent with escape_string_for_mysql(), to_length may be 0 to
    mean "big enough"

  RETURN VALUES
    ~0          The escaped string did not fit in the to buffer
    >=0         The length of the escaped string
*/

size_t escape_quotes_for_mysql(CHARSET_INFO *charset_info, char *to,
                               size_t to_length, const char *from,
                               size_t length, char quote) {
  const char *to_start = to;
  const char *end = nullptr;
  const char *to_end = to_start + (to_length ? to_length - 1 : 2 * length);
  bool overflow = false;
  const bool use_mb_flag = use_mb(charset_info);
  for (end = from + length; from < end; from++) {
    int tmp_length = 0;
    if (use_mb_flag && (tmp_length = my_ismbchar(charset_info, from, end))) {
      if (to + tmp_length > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      while (tmp_length--) *to++ = *from++;
      from--;
      continue;
    }
    /*
      We don't have the same issue here with a non-multi-byte character being
      turned into a multi-byte character by the addition of an escaping
      character, because we are only escaping the ' character with itself.
     */
    if (*from == quote) {
      if (to + 2 > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      *to++ = quote;
      *to++ = quote;
    } else {
      if (to + 1 > to_end) {
        overflow = true;
        break;
      }
      *to++ = *from;
    }
  }
  *to = 0;
  return overflow ? (ulong)~0 : (ulong)(to - to_start);
}

void charset_uninit() {
  mysql::collation::shutdown();

  delete loader;
  loader = nullptr;

  new (&charsets_initialized) std::once_flag;
}