/* # Developer notes - Symbols that start with a double underscore (__) are considered "private" - Symbols that start with a single underscore (_) are considered "semi-public"; they can be overridden in a user linker script, but should not be referred from user code (e.g. `extern "C" { static mut __sbss }`). - `EXTERN` forces the linker to keep a symbol in the final binary. We use this to make sure a symbol if not dropped if it appears in or near the front of the linker arguments and "it's not needed" by any of the preceding objects (linker arguments) - `PROVIDE` is used to provide default values that can be overridden by a user linker script - On alignment: it's important for correctness that the VMA boundaries of both .bss and .data *and* the LMA of .data are all 4-byte aligned. These alignments are assumed by the RAM initialization routine. There's also a second benefit: 4-byte aligned boundaries means that you won't see "Address (..) is out of bounds" in the disassembly produced by `objdump`. */ /* Provides information about the memory layout of the device */ MEMORY { /* The first 128 KiB is for the BIOS. We get the rest. */ FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08020000, LENGTH = 128K /* * We get the bottom 4KB of RAM. Anything above that is for applications * (up to wherever the BIOS tells us we can use.) */ RAM (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 4K } /* # Entry point = what the BIOS calls to start the OS */ ENTRY(main); EXTERN(__RESET_VECTOR); /* # Sections */ SECTIONS { /* ## Sections in FLASH */ .entry_point ORIGIN(FLASH) : { KEEP(*(.entry_point)) } > FLASH PROVIDE(_stext = ADDR(.entry_point) + SIZEOF(.entry_point)); /* ### .text */ .text _stext : { *(.text .text.*); *(.HardFaultTrampoline); *(.HardFault.*); } > FLASH /* ### .rodata */ .rodata : ALIGN(4) { *(.rodata .rodata.*); /* 4-byte align the end (VMA) of this section. This is required by LLD to ensure the LMA of the following .data section will have the correct alignment. */ . = ALIGN(4); } > FLASH /* ## Sections in RAM */ /* ### .data */ .data : ALIGN(4) { . = ALIGN(4); __sdata = .; *(.data .data.*); . = ALIGN(4); /* 4-byte align the end (VMA) of this section */ __edata = .; } > RAM AT > FLASH /* LMA of .data */ __sidata = LOADADDR(.data); /* ### .bss */ .bss : ALIGN(4) { . = ALIGN(4); __sbss = .; *(.bss .bss.*); . = ALIGN(4); /* 4-byte align the end (VMA) of this section */ __ebss = .; } > RAM /* ### .uninit */ .uninit (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4) { . = ALIGN(4); *(.uninit .uninit.*); . = ALIGN(4); } > RAM /* Place the heap right after `.uninit` */ . = ALIGN(4); __sheap = .; /* ## .got */ /* Dynamic relocations are unsupported. This section is only used to detect relocatable code in the input files and raise an error if relocatable code is found */ .got (NOLOAD) : { KEEP(*(.got .got.*)); } /* ## Discarded sections */ /DISCARD/ : { /* Unused exception related info that only wastes space */ *(.ARM.exidx); *(.ARM.exidx.*); *(.ARM.extab.*); } } /* Do not exceed this mark in the error messages below | */ /* # Alignment checks */ ASSERT(ORIGIN(FLASH) % 4 == 0, " ERROR(cortex-m-rt): the start of the FLASH region must be 4-byte aligned"); ASSERT(ORIGIN(RAM) % 4 == 0, " ERROR(cortex-m-rt): the start of the RAM region must be 4-byte aligned"); ASSERT(__sdata % 4 == 0 && __edata % 4 == 0, " BUG(cortex-m-rt): .data is not 4-byte aligned"); ASSERT(__sidata % 4 == 0, " BUG(cortex-m-rt): the LMA of .data is not 4-byte aligned"); ASSERT(__sbss % 4 == 0 && __ebss % 4 == 0, " BUG(cortex-m-rt): .bss is not 4-byte aligned"); ASSERT(__sheap % 4 == 0, " BUG(cortex-m-rt): start of .heap is not 4-byte aligned"); /* # Position checks */ /* ## .text */ ASSERT(_stext + SIZEOF(.text) < ORIGIN(FLASH) + LENGTH(FLASH), " ERROR(cortex-m-rt): The .text section must be placed inside the FLASH memory. Set _stext to an address smaller than 'ORIGIN(FLASH) + LENGTH(FLASH)'"); /* # Other checks */ ASSERT(SIZEOF(.got) == 0, " ERROR(cortex-m-rt): .got section detected in the input object files Dynamic relocations are not supported. If you are linking to C code compiled using the 'cc' crate then modify your build script to compile the C code _without_ the -fPIC flag. See the documentation of the `cc::Build.pic` method for details."); /* Do not exceed this mark in the error messages above | */