// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved. // This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the // COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License // (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). // // Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. #include "cache/lru_cache.h" #include #include #include #include #include "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.h" #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h" #include "monitoring/statistics_impl.h" #include "port/lang.h" #include "util/distributed_mutex.h" namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE { namespace lru_cache { LRUHandleTable::LRUHandleTable(int max_upper_hash_bits, MemoryAllocator* allocator) : length_bits_(/* historical starting size*/ 4), list_(new LRUHandle* [size_t{1} << length_bits_] {}), elems_(0), max_length_bits_(max_upper_hash_bits), allocator_(allocator) {} LRUHandleTable::~LRUHandleTable() { auto alloc = allocator_; ApplyToEntriesRange( [alloc](LRUHandle* h) { if (!h->HasRefs()) { h->Free(alloc); } }, 0, size_t{1} << length_bits_); } LRUHandle* LRUHandleTable::Lookup(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) { return *FindPointer(key, hash); } LRUHandle* LRUHandleTable::Insert(LRUHandle* h) { LRUHandle** ptr = FindPointer(h->key(), h->hash); LRUHandle* old = *ptr; h->next_hash = (old == nullptr ? nullptr : old->next_hash); *ptr = h; if (old == nullptr) { ++elems_; if ((elems_ >> length_bits_) > 0) { // elems_ >= length // Since each cache entry is fairly large, we aim for a small // average linked list length (<= 1). Resize(); } } return old; } LRUHandle* LRUHandleTable::Remove(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) { LRUHandle** ptr = FindPointer(key, hash); LRUHandle* result = *ptr; if (result != nullptr) { *ptr = result->next_hash; --elems_; } return result; } LRUHandle** LRUHandleTable::FindPointer(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) { LRUHandle** ptr = &list_[hash >> (32 - length_bits_)]; while (*ptr != nullptr && ((*ptr)->hash != hash || key != (*ptr)->key())) { ptr = &(*ptr)->next_hash; } return ptr; } void LRUHandleTable::Resize() { if (length_bits_ >= max_length_bits_) { // Due to reaching limit of hash information, if we made the table bigger, // we would allocate more addresses but only the same number would be used. return; } if (length_bits_ >= 31) { // Avoid undefined behavior shifting uint32_t by 32. return; } uint32_t old_length = uint32_t{1} << length_bits_; int new_length_bits = length_bits_ + 1; std::unique_ptr new_list { new LRUHandle* [size_t{1} << new_length_bits] {} }; [[maybe_unused]] uint32_t count = 0; for (uint32_t i = 0; i < old_length; i++) { LRUHandle* h = list_[i]; while (h != nullptr) { LRUHandle* next = h->next_hash; uint32_t hash = h->hash; LRUHandle** ptr = &new_list[hash >> (32 - new_length_bits)]; h->next_hash = *ptr; *ptr = h; h = next; count++; } } assert(elems_ == count); list_ = std::move(new_list); length_bits_ = new_length_bits; } LRUCacheShard::LRUCacheShard(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit, double high_pri_pool_ratio, double low_pri_pool_ratio, bool use_adaptive_mutex, CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy, int max_upper_hash_bits, MemoryAllocator* allocator, const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback) : CacheShardBase(metadata_charge_policy), capacity_(0), high_pri_pool_usage_(0), low_pri_pool_usage_(0), strict_capacity_limit_(strict_capacity_limit), high_pri_pool_ratio_(high_pri_pool_ratio), high_pri_pool_capacity_(0), low_pri_pool_ratio_(low_pri_pool_ratio), low_pri_pool_capacity_(0), table_(max_upper_hash_bits, allocator), usage_(0), lru_usage_(0), mutex_(use_adaptive_mutex), eviction_callback_(*eviction_callback) { // Make empty circular linked list. lru_.next = &lru_; lru_.prev = &lru_; lru_low_pri_ = &lru_; lru_bottom_pri_ = &lru_; SetCapacity(capacity); } void LRUCacheShard::EraseUnRefEntries() { autovector last_reference_list; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); while (lru_.next != &lru_) { LRUHandle* old = lru_.next; // LRU list contains only elements which can be evicted. assert(old->InCache() && !old->HasRefs()); LRU_Remove(old); table_.Remove(old->key(), old->hash); old->SetInCache(false); assert(usage_ >= old->total_charge); usage_ -= old->total_charge; last_reference_list.push_back(old); } } for (auto entry : last_reference_list) { entry->Free(table_.GetAllocator()); } } void LRUCacheShard::ApplyToSomeEntries( const std::function& callback, size_t average_entries_per_lock, size_t* state) { // The state is essentially going to be the starting hash, which works // nicely even if we resize between calls because we use upper-most // hash bits for table indexes. DMutexLock l(mutex_); int length_bits = table_.GetLengthBits(); size_t length = size_t{1} << length_bits; assert(average_entries_per_lock > 0); // Assuming we are called with same average_entries_per_lock repeatedly, // this simplifies some logic (index_end will not overflow). assert(average_entries_per_lock < length || *state == 0); size_t index_begin = *state >> (sizeof(size_t) * 8u - length_bits); size_t index_end = index_begin + average_entries_per_lock; if (index_end >= length) { // Going to end index_end = length; *state = SIZE_MAX; } else { *state = index_end << (sizeof(size_t) * 8u - length_bits); } table_.ApplyToEntriesRange( [callback, metadata_charge_policy = metadata_charge_policy_](LRUHandle* h) { callback(h->key(), h->value, h->GetCharge(metadata_charge_policy), h->helper); }, index_begin, index_end); } void LRUCacheShard::TEST_GetLRUList(LRUHandle** lru, LRUHandle** lru_low_pri, LRUHandle** lru_bottom_pri) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); *lru = &lru_; *lru_low_pri = lru_low_pri_; *lru_bottom_pri = lru_bottom_pri_; } size_t LRUCacheShard::TEST_GetLRUSize() { DMutexLock l(mutex_); LRUHandle* lru_handle = lru_.next; size_t lru_size = 0; while (lru_handle != &lru_) { lru_size++; lru_handle = lru_handle->next; } return lru_size; } double LRUCacheShard::GetHighPriPoolRatio() { DMutexLock l(mutex_); return high_pri_pool_ratio_; } double LRUCacheShard::GetLowPriPoolRatio() { DMutexLock l(mutex_); return low_pri_pool_ratio_; } void LRUCacheShard::LRU_Remove(LRUHandle* e) { assert(e->next != nullptr); assert(e->prev != nullptr); if (lru_low_pri_ == e) { lru_low_pri_ = e->prev; } if (lru_bottom_pri_ == e) { lru_bottom_pri_ = e->prev; } e->next->prev = e->prev; e->prev->next = e->next; e->prev = e->next = nullptr; assert(lru_usage_ >= e->total_charge); lru_usage_ -= e->total_charge; assert(!e->InHighPriPool() || !e->InLowPriPool()); if (e->InHighPriPool()) { assert(high_pri_pool_usage_ >= e->total_charge); high_pri_pool_usage_ -= e->total_charge; } else if (e->InLowPriPool()) { assert(low_pri_pool_usage_ >= e->total_charge); low_pri_pool_usage_ -= e->total_charge; } } void LRUCacheShard::LRU_Insert(LRUHandle* e) { assert(e->next == nullptr); assert(e->prev == nullptr); if (high_pri_pool_ratio_ > 0 && (e->IsHighPri() || e->HasHit())) { // Inset "e" to head of LRU list. e->next = &lru_; e->prev = lru_.prev; e->prev->next = e; e->next->prev = e; e->SetInHighPriPool(true); e->SetInLowPriPool(false); high_pri_pool_usage_ += e->total_charge; MaintainPoolSize(); } else if (low_pri_pool_ratio_ > 0 && (e->IsHighPri() || e->IsLowPri() || e->HasHit())) { // Insert "e" to the head of low-pri pool. e->next = lru_low_pri_->next; e->prev = lru_low_pri_; e->prev->next = e; e->next->prev = e; e->SetInHighPriPool(false); e->SetInLowPriPool(true); low_pri_pool_usage_ += e->total_charge; MaintainPoolSize(); lru_low_pri_ = e; } else { // Insert "e" to the head of bottom-pri pool. e->next = lru_bottom_pri_->next; e->prev = lru_bottom_pri_; e->prev->next = e; e->next->prev = e; e->SetInHighPriPool(false); e->SetInLowPriPool(false); // if the low-pri pool is empty, lru_low_pri_ also needs to be updated. if (lru_bottom_pri_ == lru_low_pri_) { lru_low_pri_ = e; } lru_bottom_pri_ = e; } lru_usage_ += e->total_charge; } void LRUCacheShard::MaintainPoolSize() { while (high_pri_pool_usage_ > high_pri_pool_capacity_) { // Overflow last entry in high-pri pool to low-pri pool. lru_low_pri_ = lru_low_pri_->next; assert(lru_low_pri_ != &lru_); lru_low_pri_->SetInHighPriPool(false); lru_low_pri_->SetInLowPriPool(true); assert(high_pri_pool_usage_ >= lru_low_pri_->total_charge); high_pri_pool_usage_ -= lru_low_pri_->total_charge; low_pri_pool_usage_ += lru_low_pri_->total_charge; } while (low_pri_pool_usage_ > low_pri_pool_capacity_) { // Overflow last entry in low-pri pool to bottom-pri pool. lru_bottom_pri_ = lru_bottom_pri_->next; assert(lru_bottom_pri_ != &lru_); lru_bottom_pri_->SetInHighPriPool(false); lru_bottom_pri_->SetInLowPriPool(false); assert(low_pri_pool_usage_ >= lru_bottom_pri_->total_charge); low_pri_pool_usage_ -= lru_bottom_pri_->total_charge; } } void LRUCacheShard::EvictFromLRU(size_t charge, autovector* deleted) { while ((usage_ + charge) > capacity_ && lru_.next != &lru_) { LRUHandle* old = lru_.next; // LRU list contains only elements which can be evicted. assert(old->InCache() && !old->HasRefs()); LRU_Remove(old); table_.Remove(old->key(), old->hash); old->SetInCache(false); assert(usage_ >= old->total_charge); usage_ -= old->total_charge; deleted->push_back(old); } } void LRUCacheShard::NotifyEvicted( const autovector& evicted_handles) { MemoryAllocator* alloc = table_.GetAllocator(); for (LRUHandle* entry : evicted_handles) { if (eviction_callback_ && eviction_callback_(entry->key(), static_cast(entry), entry->HasHit())) { // Callback took ownership of obj; just free handle free(entry); } else { // Free the entries here outside of mutex for performance reasons. entry->Free(alloc); } } } void LRUCacheShard::SetCapacity(size_t capacity) { autovector last_reference_list; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); capacity_ = capacity; high_pri_pool_capacity_ = capacity_ * high_pri_pool_ratio_; low_pri_pool_capacity_ = capacity_ * low_pri_pool_ratio_; EvictFromLRU(0, &last_reference_list); } NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list); } void LRUCacheShard::SetStrictCapacityLimit(bool strict_capacity_limit) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); strict_capacity_limit_ = strict_capacity_limit; } Status LRUCacheShard::InsertItem(LRUHandle* e, LRUHandle** handle) { Status s = Status::OK(); autovector last_reference_list; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); // Free the space following strict LRU policy until enough space // is freed or the lru list is empty. EvictFromLRU(e->total_charge, &last_reference_list); if ((usage_ + e->total_charge) > capacity_ && (strict_capacity_limit_ || handle == nullptr)) { e->SetInCache(false); if (handle == nullptr) { // Don't insert the entry but still return ok, as if the entry inserted // into cache and get evicted immediately. last_reference_list.push_back(e); } else { free(e); e = nullptr; *handle = nullptr; s = Status::MemoryLimit("Insert failed due to LRU cache being full."); } } else { // Insert into the cache. Note that the cache might get larger than its // capacity if not enough space was freed up. LRUHandle* old = table_.Insert(e); usage_ += e->total_charge; if (old != nullptr) { s = Status::OkOverwritten(); assert(old->InCache()); old->SetInCache(false); if (!old->HasRefs()) { // old is on LRU because it's in cache and its reference count is 0. LRU_Remove(old); assert(usage_ >= old->total_charge); usage_ -= old->total_charge; last_reference_list.push_back(old); } } if (handle == nullptr) { LRU_Insert(e); } else { // If caller already holds a ref, no need to take one here. if (!e->HasRefs()) { e->Ref(); } *handle = e; } } } NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list); return s; } LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::Lookup(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash, const Cache::CacheItemHelper* /*helper*/, Cache::CreateContext* /*create_context*/, Cache::Priority /*priority*/, Statistics* /*stats*/) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); LRUHandle* e = table_.Lookup(key, hash); if (e != nullptr) { assert(e->InCache()); if (!e->HasRefs()) { // The entry is in LRU since it's in hash and has no external // references. LRU_Remove(e); } e->Ref(); e->SetHit(); } return e; } bool LRUCacheShard::Ref(LRUHandle* e) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); // To create another reference - entry must be already externally referenced. assert(e->HasRefs()); e->Ref(); return true; } void LRUCacheShard::SetHighPriorityPoolRatio(double high_pri_pool_ratio) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); high_pri_pool_ratio_ = high_pri_pool_ratio; high_pri_pool_capacity_ = capacity_ * high_pri_pool_ratio_; MaintainPoolSize(); } void LRUCacheShard::SetLowPriorityPoolRatio(double low_pri_pool_ratio) { DMutexLock l(mutex_); low_pri_pool_ratio_ = low_pri_pool_ratio; low_pri_pool_capacity_ = capacity_ * low_pri_pool_ratio_; MaintainPoolSize(); } bool LRUCacheShard::Release(LRUHandle* e, bool /*useful*/, bool erase_if_last_ref) { if (e == nullptr) { return false; } bool must_free; bool was_in_cache; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); must_free = e->Unref(); was_in_cache = e->InCache(); if (must_free && was_in_cache) { // The item is still in cache, and nobody else holds a reference to it. if (usage_ > capacity_ || erase_if_last_ref) { // The LRU list must be empty since the cache is full. assert(lru_.next == &lru_ || erase_if_last_ref); // Take this opportunity and remove the item. table_.Remove(e->key(), e->hash); e->SetInCache(false); } else { // Put the item back on the LRU list, and don't free it. LRU_Insert(e); must_free = false; } } // If about to be freed, then decrement the cache usage. if (must_free) { assert(usage_ >= e->total_charge); usage_ -= e->total_charge; } } // Free the entry here outside of mutex for performance reasons. if (must_free) { // Only call eviction callback if we're sure no one requested erasure // FIXME: disabled because of test churn if (false && was_in_cache && !erase_if_last_ref && eviction_callback_ && eviction_callback_(e->key(), static_cast(e), e->HasHit())) { // Callback took ownership of obj; just free handle free(e); } else { e->Free(table_.GetAllocator()); } } return must_free; } LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::CreateHandle(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash, Cache::ObjectPtr value, const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge) { assert(helper); // value == nullptr is reserved for indicating failure in SecondaryCache assert(!(helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible() && value == nullptr)); // Allocate the memory here outside of the mutex. // If the cache is full, we'll have to release it. // It shouldn't happen very often though. LRUHandle* e = static_cast(malloc(sizeof(LRUHandle) - 1 + key.size())); e->value = value; e->m_flags = 0; e->im_flags = 0; e->helper = helper; e->key_length = key.size(); e->hash = hash; e->refs = 0; e->next = e->prev = nullptr; memcpy(e->key_data, key.data(), key.size()); e->CalcTotalCharge(charge, metadata_charge_policy_); return e; } Status LRUCacheShard::Insert(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash, Cache::ObjectPtr value, const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge, LRUHandle** handle, Cache::Priority priority) { LRUHandle* e = CreateHandle(key, hash, value, helper, charge); e->SetPriority(priority); e->SetInCache(true); return InsertItem(e, handle); } LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash, Cache::ObjectPtr value, const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge, bool allow_uncharged) { LRUHandle* e = CreateHandle(key, hash, value, helper, charge); e->SetIsStandalone(true); e->Ref(); autovector last_reference_list; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); EvictFromLRU(e->total_charge, &last_reference_list); if (strict_capacity_limit_ && (usage_ + e->total_charge) > capacity_) { if (allow_uncharged) { e->total_charge = 0; } else { free(e); e = nullptr; } } else { usage_ += e->total_charge; } } NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list); return e; } void LRUCacheShard::Erase(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) { LRUHandle* e; bool last_reference = false; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); e = table_.Remove(key, hash); if (e != nullptr) { assert(e->InCache()); e->SetInCache(false); if (!e->HasRefs()) { // The entry is in LRU since it's in hash and has no external references LRU_Remove(e); assert(usage_ >= e->total_charge); usage_ -= e->total_charge; last_reference = true; } } } // Free the entry here outside of mutex for performance reasons. // last_reference will only be true if e != nullptr. if (last_reference) { e->Free(table_.GetAllocator()); } } size_t LRUCacheShard::GetUsage() const { DMutexLock l(mutex_); return usage_; } size_t LRUCacheShard::GetPinnedUsage() const { DMutexLock l(mutex_); assert(usage_ >= lru_usage_); return usage_ - lru_usage_; } size_t LRUCacheShard::GetOccupancyCount() const { DMutexLock l(mutex_); return table_.GetOccupancyCount(); } size_t LRUCacheShard::GetTableAddressCount() const { DMutexLock l(mutex_); return size_t{1} << table_.GetLengthBits(); } void LRUCacheShard::AppendPrintableOptions(std::string& str) const { const int kBufferSize = 200; char buffer[kBufferSize]; { DMutexLock l(mutex_); snprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, " high_pri_pool_ratio: %.3lf\n", high_pri_pool_ratio_); snprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), kBufferSize - strlen(buffer), " low_pri_pool_ratio: %.3lf\n", low_pri_pool_ratio_); } str.append(buffer); } LRUCache::LRUCache(const LRUCacheOptions& opts) : ShardedCache(opts) { size_t per_shard = GetPerShardCapacity(); MemoryAllocator* alloc = memory_allocator(); InitShards([&](LRUCacheShard* cs) { new (cs) LRUCacheShard(per_shard, opts.strict_capacity_limit, opts.high_pri_pool_ratio, opts.low_pri_pool_ratio, opts.use_adaptive_mutex, opts.metadata_charge_policy, /* max_upper_hash_bits */ 32 - opts.num_shard_bits, alloc, &eviction_callback_); }); } Cache::ObjectPtr LRUCache::Value(Handle* handle) { auto h = static_cast(handle); return h->value; } size_t LRUCache::GetCharge(Handle* handle) const { return static_cast(handle)->GetCharge( GetShard(0).metadata_charge_policy_); } const Cache::CacheItemHelper* LRUCache::GetCacheItemHelper( Handle* handle) const { auto h = static_cast(handle); return h->helper; } size_t LRUCache::TEST_GetLRUSize() { return SumOverShards([](LRUCacheShard& cs) { return cs.TEST_GetLRUSize(); }); } double LRUCache::GetHighPriPoolRatio() { return GetShard(0).GetHighPriPoolRatio(); } } // namespace lru_cache std::shared_ptr LRUCacheOptions::MakeSharedCache() const { if (num_shard_bits >= 20) { return nullptr; // The cache cannot be sharded into too many fine pieces. } if (high_pri_pool_ratio < 0.0 || high_pri_pool_ratio > 1.0) { // Invalid high_pri_pool_ratio return nullptr; } if (low_pri_pool_ratio < 0.0 || low_pri_pool_ratio > 1.0) { // Invalid low_pri_pool_ratio return nullptr; } if (low_pri_pool_ratio + high_pri_pool_ratio > 1.0) { // Invalid high_pri_pool_ratio and low_pri_pool_ratio combination return nullptr; } // For sanitized options LRUCacheOptions opts = *this; if (opts.num_shard_bits < 0) { opts.num_shard_bits = GetDefaultCacheShardBits(capacity); } std::shared_ptr cache = std::make_shared(opts); if (secondary_cache) { cache = std::make_shared(cache, secondary_cache); } return cache; } std::shared_ptr LRUCacheOptions::MakeSharedRowCache() const { if (secondary_cache) { // Not allowed for a RowCache return nullptr; } // Works while RowCache is an alias for Cache return MakeSharedCache(); } } // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE