undef a, b undef :a, :b # c undef a, :b, c, :"d#{1 + 1}" # 0 undef a, # 1 b, # 2 c # 3 # 4 defined? a defined?(a) # 0 defined?( # 1 1 + 1 # 2 # 3 ) # 4 # 5 BEGIN {} BEGIN { } BEGIN { 1 } BEGIN { # 0 # 1 # 2 } # 3 # 4 BEGIN { # foo foo.bar(1, 2, 3) # 4 baz # baz } END {} END { } END { 1 } END { # 0 # 1 # 2 } # 3 # 4 END { # foo foo.bar(1, 2, 3) # 4 baz # baz } alias a b # 0 # 1 # 2 alias a b # 3 # 4 alias aa :"bb#{ 1 + 2 # 3 }" alias :"a#{ # a }" :"b#{ # b }" alias :"a b" :'a b' alias $new $old # a alias $new $old