/// Lexer for reproto IDL.
use core::RpNumber;
use errors::{Error, Result};
use num_bigint::BigInt;
use num_traits::Zero;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::result;
use std::str::CharIndices;
use token::Token;

pub struct Lexer<'input> {
    source: CharIndices<'input>,
    source_len: usize,
    source_str: &'input str,
    n0: Option<(usize, char)>,
    n1: Option<(usize, char)>,
    n2: Option<(usize, char)>,
    buffer: String,
    code_block: Option<(usize, usize)>,
    code_close: Option<(usize, usize)>,
}

pub fn match_keyword(content: &str) -> Option<Token> {
    use self::Token::*;

    let token = match content {
        "any" => Any,
        "interface" => Interface,
        "type" => Type,
        "enum" => Enum,
        "tuple" => Tuple,
        "service" => Service,
        "use" => Use,
        "as" => As,
        "float" => Float,
        "double" => Double,
        "i32" => I32,
        "i64" => I64,
        "u32" => U32,
        "u64" => U64,
        "boolean" => Boolean,
        "string" => String,
        "datetime" => Datetime,
        "bytes" => Bytes,
        "stream" => Stream,
        _ => return None,
    };

    Some(token)
}

impl<'input> Lexer<'input> {
    /// Advance the source iterator.
    #[inline]
    fn step(&mut self) {
        self.n0 = self.n1;
        self.n1 = self.n2;
        self.n2 = self.source.next();
    }

    #[inline]
    fn step_n(&mut self, n: usize) -> usize {
        for _ in 0..n {
            self.step();
        }

        self.n0
            .map(|n| n.0)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.source_str.len())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn one(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, char)> {
        self.n0
    }

    #[inline]
    fn two(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, char, char)> {
        if let (Some((pos, a)), Some((_, b))) = (self.n0, self.n1) {
            Some((pos, a, b))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn three(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, char, char, char)> {
        if let (Some((pos, a)), Some((_, b)), Some((_, c))) = (self.n0, self.n1, self.n2) {
            Some((pos, a, b, c))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn pos(&self) -> usize {
        self.n0.map(|n| n.0).unwrap_or(self.source_len)
    }

    fn identifier(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        // strip leading _, since keywords are lowercase this is how we can escape identifiers.
        let (stripped, _) = take!(self, start, '_');
        let (end, content) = take!(self, stripped, 'a'...'z' | '_' | '0'...'9');

        if stripped != start {
            return Ok((start, Token::Identifier(content.into()), end));
        }

        let token = match match_keyword(content) {
            Some(token) => token,
            None => {
                return Ok((start, Token::Identifier(content.into()), end));
            }
        };

        return Ok((start, token, end));
    }

    fn type_identifier(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        let (end, content) = take!(self, start, 'A'...'Z' | 'a'...'z' | '0'...'9');
        Ok((start, Token::TypeIdentifier(content.into()), end))
    }

    fn parse_fraction(input: &str) -> result::Result<(usize, BigInt), &'static str> {
        let dec = input
            .chars()
            .enumerate()
            .find(|&(_, ref c)| *c != '0')
            .map(|(i, _)| i)
            .unwrap_or(0usize);

        let fraction: BigInt = input.parse().map_err(|_| "illegal fraction")?;

        Ok((dec, fraction))
    }

    fn apply_fraction(digits: &mut BigInt, decimal: &mut usize, dec: usize, fraction: BigInt) {
        *decimal += dec;

        let mut f = fraction.clone();
        let ten: BigInt = 10.into();

        while !f.is_zero() {
            *digits = digits.clone() * ten.clone();
            *decimal += 1;
            f = f / ten.clone();
        }

        *digits = digits.clone() + fraction;
    }

    fn apply_exponent(digits: &mut BigInt, decimal: &mut usize, exponent: i32) {
        if exponent < 0 {
            *decimal += exponent.abs() as usize;
            return;
        }

        let ten: BigInt = 10.into();

        for _ in 0..exponent {
            if *decimal > 0 {
                *decimal = *decimal - 1;
            } else {
                *digits = digits.clone() * ten.clone();
            }
        }
    }

    fn number(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        let (end, number) = self.parse_number(start).map_err(|(message, offset)| {
            Error::InvalidNumber {
                message: message,
                pos: start + offset,
            }
        })?;

        Ok((start, Token::Number(number), end))
    }

    fn parse_number(
        &mut self,
        start: usize,
    ) -> result::Result<(usize, RpNumber), (&'static str, usize)> {
        let (negative, offset) = if let Some((_, '-')) = self.one() {
            (true, self.step_n(1))
        } else {
            (false, start)
        };

        let (mut end, mut digits) = {
            let (end, whole) = take!(self, offset, '0'...'9');
            (
                end,
                whole
                    .parse::<BigInt>()
                    .map_err(|_| ("illegal number", end))?,
            )
        };

        let mut decimal = 0usize;

        if let Some((_, '.')) = self.one() {
            let offset = self.step_n(1);

            {
                let (e, fraction) = take!(self, offset, '0'...'9');
                end = e;
                let (dec, fraction) = Self::parse_fraction(fraction).map_err(|e| (e, end))?;
                Self::apply_fraction(&mut digits, &mut decimal, dec, fraction);
            }

            if let Some((_, 'e')) = self.one() {
                let offset = self.step_n(1);

                let (e, content) = take!(self, offset, '-' | '0'...'9');
                end = e;
                let exponent: i32 = content.parse().map_err(|_| ("illegal exponent", end))?;
                Self::apply_exponent(&mut digits, &mut decimal, exponent);
            }
        }

        let digits = if negative { -digits } else { digits };

        let number = RpNumber {
            digits: digits,
            decimal: decimal,
        };

        Ok((end, number))
    }

    // decode a sequence of 4 unicode characters
    fn decode_unicode4(&mut self) -> result::Result<char, (&'static str, usize)> {
        let mut res = 0u32;

        for x in 0..4u32 {
            let c = self.one()
                .ok_or_else(|| ("expected digit", x as usize))?
                .1
                .to_string();
            let c = u32::from_str_radix(&c, 16).map_err(|_| ("expected hex digit", x as usize))?;
            res += c << (4 * (3 - x));
            self.step();
        }

        Ok(::std::char::from_u32(res).ok_or_else(|| ("invalid character", 0usize))?)
    }

    fn escape(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Result<char> {
        self.step();

        let (_, escape) = self.one()
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::UnterminatedEscape { start: self.pos() })?;

        let escaped = match escape {
            'n' => '\n',
            'r' => '\r',
            't' => '\t',
            '\\' => '\\',
            '\"' => '\"',
            'u' => {
                let seq_start = self.step_n(1);

                let c = self.decode_unicode4()
                    .map_err(|(message, offset)| Error::InvalidEscape {
                        message: message,
                        pos: seq_start + offset,
                    })?;

                return Ok(c);
            }
            _ => {
                return Err(Error::InvalidEscape {
                    message: "unrecognized escape, should be one of: \\\", \\n, \\r, \\t, \\\\, \
                              or \\uXXXX",
                    pos: pos,
                }.into());
            }
        };

        self.step();
        return Ok(escaped);
    }

    /// Tokenize string.
    fn string(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        self.buffer.clear();

        self.step();

        while let Some((pos, c)) = self.one() {
            if c == '\\' {
                let c = self.escape(pos)?;
                self.buffer.push(c);
                continue;
            }

            if c == '"' {
                let end = self.step_n(1);
                return Ok((start, Token::QuotedString(self.buffer.clone()), end));
            }

            self.buffer.push(c);
            self.step();
        }

        Err(Error::UnterminatedString { start: start }.into())
    }

    /// Tokenize code block.
    /// TODO: support escape sequences for languages where `}}` might occur.
    fn code_block(
        &mut self,
        code_start: usize,
        start: usize,
    ) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        while let Some((end, a, b)) = self.two() {
            if ('}', '}') == (a, b) {
                let code_end = self.step_n(2);
                let out = &self.source_str[start..end];

                // emit code end at next iteration.
                self.code_block = None;
                self.code_close = Some((end, code_end));

                return Ok((code_start, Token::CodeContent(out.into()), code_end));
            }

            self.step();
        }

        Err(Error::UnterminatedCodeBlock { start: start }.into())
    }

    /// Parse package documentation
    fn package_doc_comments(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        let mut comment: Vec<Cow<'input, str>> = Vec::new();

        loop {
            // take leading whitespace
            let (end, _) = take!(self, start, ' ' | '\n' | '\r' | '\t');

            if let Some((_, '/', '/', '!')) = self.three() {
                let start = self.step_n(3);
                let (_, content) = take_until!(self, start, '\n' | '\r');
                comment.push(content.into());
            } else {
                return Ok((start, Token::PackageDocComment(comment), end));
            }
        }
    }

    fn doc_comments(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)> {
        let mut comment: Vec<Cow<'input, str>> = Vec::new();

        loop {
            // take leading whitespace
            let (end, _) = take!(self, start, ' ' | '\n' | '\r' | '\t');

            if let Some((_, '/', '/', '/')) = self.three() {
                let start = self.step_n(3);
                let (_, content) = take_until!(self, start, '\n' | '\r');
                comment.push(content.into());
            } else {
                return Ok((start, Token::DocComment(comment), end));
            }
        }
    }

    fn line_comment(&mut self) {
        let start = self.step_n(2);
        let _ = take_until!(self, start, '\n' | '\r');
    }

    // block comments have no semantics and are completely ignored.
    fn block_comment(&mut self) {
        self.step_n(2);

        while let Some((_, a, b)) = self.two() {
            if ('*', '/') == (a, b) {
                self.step();
                self.step();
                break;
            }

            self.step();
        }
    }

    fn normal_mode_next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)>> {
        // dispatch a CodeClose.
        if let Some((start, end)) = self.code_close {
            self.code_close = None;
            return Some(Ok((start, Token::CodeClose, end)));
        }

        // code block mode
        if let Some((code_start, start)) = self.code_block {
            return Some(self.code_block(code_start, start));
        }

        loop {
            // package docs
            if let Some((start, '/', '/', '!')) = self.three() {
                return Some(self.package_doc_comments(start));
            }

            // doc comments
            if let Some((start, '/', '/', '/')) = self.three() {
                return Some(self.doc_comments(start));
            }

            // two character keywords
            if let Some((start, a, b)) = self.two() {
                let token = match (a, b) {
                    ('/', '/') => {
                        self.line_comment();
                        continue;
                    }
                    ('/', '*') => {
                        self.block_comment();
                        continue;
                    }
                    ('{', '{') => {
                        let end = self.step_n(2);
                        self.code_block = Some((start, end));
                        return Some(Ok((start, Token::CodeOpen, end)));
                    }
                    (':', ':') => Some(Token::Scope),
                    ('-', '>') => Some(Token::RightArrow),
                    _ => None,
                };

                if let Some(token) = token {
                    let end = self.step_n(2);
                    return Some(Ok((start, token, end)));
                }
            }

            // one character keywords
            if let Some((start, c)) = self.one() {
                let token = match c {
                    '{' => Token::LeftCurly,
                    '}' => Token::RightCurly,
                    '[' => Token::LeftBracket,
                    ']' => Token::RightBracket,
                    '(' => Token::LeftParen,
                    ')' => Token::RightParen,
                    ';' => Token::SemiColon,
                    ':' => Token::Colon,
                    ',' => Token::Comma,
                    '.' => Token::Dot,
                    '?' => Token::QuestionMark,
                    '#' => Token::Hash,
                    '!' => Token::Bang,
                    '=' => Token::Equal,
                    '_' | 'a'...'z' => return Some(self.identifier(start)),
                    'A'...'Z' => return Some(self.type_identifier(start)),
                    '"' => return Some(self.string(start)),
                    '-' | '0'...'9' => return Some(self.number(start)),
                    // ignore whitespace
                    ' ' | '\n' | '\r' | '\t' => {
                        self.step();
                        continue;
                    }
                    _ => break,
                };

                let end = self.step_n(1);
                return Some(Ok((start, token, end)));
            } else {
                return None;
            }
        }

        Some(Err(Error::Unexpected { pos: self.pos() }))
    }
}

impl<'input> Iterator for Lexer<'input> {
    type Item = Result<(usize, Token<'input>, usize)>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.normal_mode_next()
    }
}

pub fn lex(input: &str) -> Lexer {
    let mut source = input.char_indices();

    let n0 = source.next();
    let n1 = source.next();
    let n2 = source.next();

    Lexer {
        source: source,
        source_len: input.len(),
        source_str: input,
        n0: n0,
        n1: n1,
        n2: n2,
        buffer: String::new(),
        code_block: None,
        code_close: None,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::Token::*;
    use super::*;

    fn tokenize(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<(usize, Token, usize)>> {
        lex(input).collect()
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_lexer() {
        let expected = vec![
            (0, Identifier("hello".into()), 5),
            (6, TypeIdentifier("World".into()), 11),
            (12, LeftCurly, 13),
            (14, Use, 17),
            (18, As, 20),
            (21, RightCurly, 22),
            (23, QuotedString("hello world".into()), 36),
        ];

        assert_eq!(
            expected,
            tokenize("hello World { use as } \"hello world\"").unwrap()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_code_block() {
        let expected = vec![
            (0, CodeOpen, 2),
            (0, CodeContent(" foo bar baz \n zing ".into()), 24),
            (22, CodeClose, 24),
        ];

        assert_eq!(expected, tokenize("{{ foo bar baz \n zing }}").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_complex_number() {
        let expected = vec![
            (
                0,
                Number(RpNumber {
                    digits: (-1242).into(),
                    decimal: 6,
                }),
                9,
            ),
        ];

        assert_eq!(expected, tokenize("-12.42e-4").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_number_2() {
        assert_eq!(vec![(0, Number(12.into()), 2)], tokenize("12").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_name() {
        let expected = vec![
            (0, Identifier("foo".into()), 3),
            (3, Scope, 5),
            (5, TypeIdentifier("Bar".into()), 8),
            (8, Dot, 9),
            (9, TypeIdentifier("Baz".into()), 12),
        ];

        assert_eq!(expected, tokenize("foo::Bar.Baz").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_strings() {
        let expected = vec![(0, QuotedString("foo\nbar".to_owned()), 10)];
        assert_eq!(expected, tokenize("\"foo\\nbar\"").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_instance() {
        let expected = vec![
            (0, Identifier("foo".into()), 3),
            (3, Scope, 5),
            (5, TypeIdentifier("Bar".into()), 8),
            (8, Dot, 9),
            (9, TypeIdentifier("Baz".into()), 12),
            (12, LeftParen, 13),
            (13, Identifier("hello".into()), 18),
            (18, Colon, 19),
            (20, Number(12.into()), 22),
            (22, RightParen, 23),
        ];

        assert_eq!(expected, tokenize("foo::Bar.Baz(hello: 12)").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_comments() {
        let tokens = tokenize("// hello \n world");
        assert_eq!(vec![(11, Identifier("world".into()), 16)], tokens.unwrap());

        let tokens = tokenize("he/* this is a comment */llo");
        assert_eq!(
            vec![
                (0, Identifier("he".into()), 2),
                (25, Identifier("llo".into()), 28),
            ],
            tokens.unwrap()
        );

        let tokens = tokenize("// test\n// this\nhello");
        assert_eq!(vec![(16, Identifier("hello".into()), 21)], tokens.unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_identifier_stripping() {
        let a = &tokenize("my_version").unwrap()[0].1;
        let b = &tokenize("_my_version").unwrap()[0].1;
        let c = &tokenize("__my_version").unwrap()[0].1;

        assert_eq!(a, b);
        assert_eq!(a, c);
    }

    #[test]
    pub fn test_doc_comment() {
        let tokens = tokenize("/// foo\n\r      /// bar \r\n     /// baz ").unwrap();
        let reference = [
            (
                0,
                DocComment(vec![" foo".into(), " bar ".into(), " baz ".into()]),
                38,
            ),
        ];
        assert_eq!(reference, &tokens[..]);
    }
}