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‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ Ë3ë\22ŽŽŒ‹ôŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’MH1ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘GëS1‘ ¸QCommand–z³Line“EditingŽŽŸ§‘GáThis–¦fcš²!hapter“describMÞes“the“basic“features“of“the“ó<Œ-ø ó3 cmcsc10çgnu“ácommand“line“editing“in˜terface.ŽŸñÈ‘Gë\1.1‘™InŒÌtros3duction–f@to“Line“EditingŽŽŸ33‘GáThe–¦ffolloš²!wing“paragraphs“describMÞe“the“notation“used“to“represen˜t“k˜eystrok˜es.Ž©,‘!GThe–Yútext›Yùó=ßêKi“ákš²!ey“sequence“b˜y“stripping“the“eigh˜th“bit“and“pre xingŽŽŒ‹aKŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’MH6ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’…³-an–íÎâESC“ác•²!haracter,‘¹con“v“erting–íÎthem“to‘íÍa“meta-pre xed“k²!ey“sequence.Ž¤ 33’…³-The–¦fdefault“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`âoná'.Ž©™š‘Kâ:âdisable-completionŽ¡’…³-áIf–gset“to–g`âOná',‘—?Readline“will–ginhibit“w²!ord“completion.‘èCompletionŽ¡’…³-cš²!haracters–!Ÿwill“bMÞe‘!žinserted“in˜to“the“line“as“if‘!žthey“had“bšMÞeen“mapp˜edŽ¡’…³-to–¦fâself-insertá.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“`âoffá'.ŽŸ™›‘Kâ:âediting-modeŽ¡’…³-áThe–rÖâediting-mode“áv‘ÿdDariable“conš²!trols“whic˜h‘r×default“set“of“k˜ey“bind-Ž¡’…³-ings›?is–>used.‘§&By“default,‘#Readline˜starts˜up“in˜Emacs“editing˜moMÞde,Ž¡’…³-where›~«the‘~ªk•²!eystrok“es˜are–~ªmost˜similar˜to“Emacs.‘ПThis“v‘ÿdDariable˜canŽ¡’…³-bMÞe–¦fset“to“either“`âemacsá'“or“`âviá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âecho-control-charactersŽ¡’…³-áWhen–¡îset›¡ïto“`âoná',‘¢Óon˜opMÞerating“systems˜that“indicate˜they“suppMÞortŽ¡’…³-it,‘Òýreadline‘Êecš²!hoMÞes–Êa“c˜haracter›ÊcorrespMÞonding“to“a˜signal“generatedŽ¡’…³-from–¦fthe“k²!eybMÞoard.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“`âoná'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âenable-keypadŽ¡’…³-áWhen–Ìïset“to“`âoná',‘ømReadline“will“try‘Ìîto“enable“the“application“k²!eypadŽ¡’…³-when–1Ûit›1Üis“called.‘·Some“systems“need˜this“to˜enable“the˜arroš²!w“k˜eys.Ž¡’…³-The–¦fdefault“is“`âoffá'.ŽŸ™›‘Kâ:âenable-meta-keyŽ¡’…³-áWhen–ÇJset›ÇIto“`âoná',‘‚Readline˜will“try“to˜enable“an²!y˜meta“moMÞdi erŽ¡’…³-k²!ey–Ÿthe› terminal“claims“to˜suppMÞort“when“it“is˜called.‘û‰On“man²!yŽ¡’…³-terminals,‘^=the–9ymeta“kš²!ey“is“used“to“send“eigh˜t-bit“c˜haracters.‘—TheŽ¡’…³-default–¦fis“`âoná'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âexpand-tildeŽ¡’…³-áIf–Pset“to›P`âoná',‘a[tilde“expansion“is“pMÞerformed˜when“Readline“attemptsŽ¡’…³-w²!ord–¦fcompletion.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âhistory-preserve-pointŽ¡’…³-áIf–œset“to›`âoná',‘Zéthe“history“coMÞde“attempts“to“place˜the“pMÞoin²!t“(theŽ¡’…³-curren²!t–;kcursor›;jpMÞosition)“at˜the“same“loMÞcation˜on“eac²!h˜history“lineŽ¡’…³-retriev²!ed–^Éwith“âprevious-history“áor‘^Êânext-historyá.‘The“defaultŽ¡’…³-is‘¦f`âoffá'.ŽŸ™›‘Kâ:âhistory-sizeŽ¡’…³-áSet–°ÿthe“maxim•²!um‘°þn“um“bMÞer–°ÿof“history“enš²!tries“sa˜v˜ed‘°þin“the“historyŽ¡’…³-list.‘óIf–mset“to“zero,‘(oanš²!y“existing“history“en˜tries“are‘ndeleted“and“noŽ¡’…³-new–Ïqenš²!tries“are–Ïpsa˜v˜ed.‘XþIf“set–Ïqto“a“v‘ÿdDalue‘Ïpless“than“zero,‘Ù³the“n˜um˜bMÞerŽ¡’…³-of–ª»history›ª¼en²!tries“is˜not“limited.‘êÝBy˜default,‘«Ñthe“n•²!um“bMÞer˜of‘ª»historyŽ¡’…³-en²!tries–¦fis“not“limited.Ž¦‘Kâ:âhorizontal-scroll-modeŽ¡’…³-áThis–NËv‘ÿdDariable›NÌcan“bMÞe“set“to˜either“`âoná'“or“`âoffá'.‘× Setting“it˜to“`âoná'Ž¡’…³-means–$jthat“the“text“of“the‘$ilines“bMÞeing“edited“will“scroll“horizon²!tallyŽ¡’…³-on–ÎÁa›ÎÂsingle“screen“line˜when“they“are“longer˜than“the“width˜of“theŽ¡’…³-screen,›:Åinstead–Ýof“wrapping‘Þon²!to“a“new“screen“line.‘±By“default,˜thisŽ¡’…³-v‘ÿdDariable–¦fis“set“to“`âoffá'.ŽŽŒ‹mПò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’MH7ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Kâ:âinput-metaŽ¤ 33’…³-áIf–¾Ìset›¾Ëto“`âoná',‘ÄåReadline˜will“enable˜eigh²!t-bit“input˜(it“will˜not“clearŽ¡’…³-the–Ã"eighš²!th“bit“in‘Ã!the“c˜haracters“it“reads),‘ Pregardless“of“what“theŽ¡’…³-terminal–ÌÖclaims“it“can“suppMÞort.‘Q.The“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`âoffá'.‘Q-TheŽ¡’…³-name–¦fâmeta-flag“áis“a“synon²!ym“for“this“v‘ÿdDariable.Ž©Ûo‘Kâ:âisearch-terminatorsŽ¡’…³-áThe–5Ñstring›5Òof“c²!haracters˜that“should“terminate˜an“incremen²!talŽ¡’…³-searcš²!h–ú|without“subsequen˜tly“executing“the“c˜haracter“as“a“commandŽ¡’…³-(see–Z±Section“1.2.5“[Searc²!hing],‘ÇÃpage“3).‘ ú¿If“this“v‘ÿdDariable“has“notŽ¡’…³-bMÞeen–Bggivš²!en“a“v‘ÿdDalue,‘igthe“c˜haracters‘BfâESC“áand“èC-J“áwill“terminate“anŽ¡’…³-incremen•²!tal‘¦fsearc“h.ŽŸÛn‘Kâ:âkeymap‘R÷áSets–©5Readline's›©6idea“of˜the“currenš²!t“k˜eymap‘©6for“k˜ey‘©6binding“com-Ž¡’…³-mands.‘ ä™Acceptable–SPâkeymap›SOánames“are˜âemacsá,‘¾‰âemacs-standardá,Ž¡’…³-âemacs-metaá,– 0âemacs-ctlxá,“âviá,‘ 0âvi-moveá,“âvi-commandá,“andŽ¡’…³-âvi-insertá.‘öÚâvi–®ºáis“equiv›ÿdDalen²!t“to‘®»âvi-commandá;‘2äâemacs“áis“equiv˜alen²!tŽ¡’…³-to–Ó¯âemacs-standardá.›e·The“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“âemacsá.˜The“v‘ÿdDalue“of“theŽ¡’…³-âediting-mode–¦fáv‘ÿdDariable“also“a ects“the“default“k²!eymap.Ž¦‘Kâ:âkeyseq-timeoutŽ¡’…³-áSpMÞeci es– „the“duration“Readline“will“wš²!ait‘ …for“a“c˜haracter“when“read-Ž¡’…³-ing–—Ían‘—Ìamš²!biguous“k˜ey“sequence›—Ì(one“that˜can“form“a˜complete“k²!eyŽ¡’…³-sequence–ý-using›ý.the“input˜read“so“far,‘ßor˜can“tak²!e˜additional“inputŽ¡’…³-to–óKcomplete“a“longer“kš²!ey“sequence).‘ÄŒIf“no“input“is“receiv˜ed“withinŽ¡’…³-the–*átimeout,‘‹ÿReadline›*àwill“use“the“shorter“but˜complete“k²!ey“se-Ž¡’…³-quence.‘«éReadline›‹uses–Šthis“v‘ÿdDalue“to˜determine“whether“or˜not“inputŽ¡’…³-is–­«a²!v‘ÿdDailable›­ªon“the˜curren²!t“input˜source“(ârl_instream˜áb²!y“default).Ž¡’…³-The– ˜v›ÿdDalue“is“spMÞeci ed“in“milliseconds,‘(ôso“a“v˜alue“of“1000“means“thatŽ¡’…³-Readline–®Äwill›®Ãw²!ait“one˜second“for“additional˜input.‘‹RIf“this˜v‘ÿdDariable“isŽ¡’…³-set–Yàto›Yßa“v‘ÿdDalue˜less“than˜or“equal“to˜zero,‘i.or˜to“a˜non-n²!umeric“v‘ÿdDalue,Ž¡’…³-Readline–ƒûwill‘ƒúwš²!ait“un˜til“another“k˜ey›ƒúis“pressed“to“decide˜whicš²!h“k˜eyŽ¡’…³-sequence–¦fto“complete.‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“â500á.Ž¦‘Kâ:âmark-directoriesŽ¡’…³-áIf––¿set“to›–¾`âoná',‘ÒÕcompleted“directory“names“ha•²!v“e˜a––¿slash“appMÞended.Ž¡’…³-The–¦fdefault“is“`âoná'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âmark-modified-linesŽ¡’…³-áThis–N”v‘ÿdDariable,‘xŸwhen“set“to“`âoná',‘x causes“Readline“to“displa²!y“an“as-Ž¡’…³-terisk– š(`â*á')› ™at“the“start˜of“history˜lines“whicš²!h“ha˜v˜e‘ ™bšMÞeen“mo˜di ed.Ž¡’…³-This–¦fv‘ÿdDariable“is“`âoffá'“b²!y“default.ŽŸÛn‘Kâ:âmark-symlinked-directoriesŽ¡’…³-áIf–$Ôset›$Óto“`âoná',‘mcompleted“names“whic²!h˜are“sym²!bMÞolic˜links“toŽ¡’…³-directories›\Ëha•²!v“e˜a˜slash˜appMÞended‘\Ì(sub‘›»ject˜to˜the˜v‘ÿdDalue˜ofŽ¡’…³-âmark-directoriesá).‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âmatch-hidden-filesŽ¡’…³-áThis–«sv‘ÿdDariable,›Ý£when“set“to“`âoná',˜causes“Readline“to‘«rmatc²!h“ les“whoseŽ¡’…³-names–MÍbšMÞegin“with“a“`â.á'“(hidden“ les)“when“p˜erforming“ lenameŽŽŒ‹yߟò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’MH8ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’…³-completion.‘ÎþIf–öÆset“to–öÇ`âoffá',‘JÝthe“leading–öÆ`â.á'“mš²!ust“bMÞe‘öÇsupplied“b˜yŽ¤ 33’…³-the–Luser›Min“the“ lename“to˜bMÞe“completed.‘9This“v‘ÿdDariable“is˜`âoná'“b²!yŽ¡’…³-default.Ž©™š‘Kâ:âmenu-complete-display-prefixŽ¡’…³-áIf–ßset“to‘Þ`âoná',‘ýmenš²!u“completion“displa˜ys“the“common‘Þpre 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TheŽ¡’…³-default–¦fis“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âpage-completionsŽ¡’…³-áIf–ôset“to‘ó`âoná',‘,×Readline“uses“an“inš²!ternal“âmoreá-lik˜e‘ópager“to“displa˜yŽ¡’…³-a–ã¹screenful“of“pMÞossible‘ã¸completions“at“a“time.‘•ÕThis“v‘ÿdDariable“is“`âoná'Ž¡’…³-b²!y‘¦fdefault.Ž¦‘Kâ:âprint-completions-horizontallyŽ¡’…³-áIf–àset›àto“`âoná',‘»Readline˜will“displa²!y“completions“with˜matc²!hes“sortedŽ¡’…³-horizonš²!tally–8Ôin“alphabMÞetical“order,‘orather“than“do˜wn“the“screen.Ž¡’…³-The–¦fdefault“is“`âoffá'.ŽŸ™›‘Kâ:ârevert-all-at-newlineŽ¡’…³-áIf–Œêset“to“`âoná',‘’Readline“will“undo“all‘Œëc²!hanges“to“history“lines“bMÞeforeŽ¡’…³-returning–qXwhen›qYâaccept-line“áis˜executed.‘Ì-By˜default,‘{õhistory“linesŽ¡’…³-ma²!y–¦bšMÞe“mo˜di ed“and“retain“individual‘¥undo“lists“across“calls“toŽ¡’…³-âreadlineá.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âshow-all-if-ambiguousŽ¡’…³-áThis–™]alters“the“default“bMÞeha²!vior“of“the‘™\completion“functions.‘Ù…If“setŽ¡’…³-to–L`âoná',‘^.wš²!ords“whic˜h‘L ha˜v˜e“more“than›L one“pMÞossible˜completion“causeŽ¡’…³-the–­matc²!hes“to“bšMÞe“listed“immediately‘­instead“of“ringing“the“b˜ell.Ž¡’…³-The–¦fdefault“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âshow-all-if-unmodifiedŽ¡’…³-áThis–¤‰alters“the›¤Šdefault“bMÞeha²!vior“of“the“completion˜functions“in“aŽ¡’…³-fashion–€similar“to“åsho•²!w-all-if-am“biguousá.‘«If–€set“to“`âoná',‘-®wš²!ords“whic˜hŽ¡’…³-ha•²!v“e–²Ömore“than“one“pšMÞossible‘²×completion“without“an²!y“p˜ossible“par-Ž¡’…³-tial–Ãcompletion›Ä(the“pMÞossible˜completions“don't“share˜a“commonŽ¡’…³-pre x)–¢cause›¢the“matc²!hes“to˜bMÞe“listed“immediately“instead˜of“ring-Ž¡’…³-ing–¦fthe“bMÞell.‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`âoffá'.ŽŸ™›‘Kâ:âshow-mode-in-promptŽ¡’…³-áIf–KÂset“to›KÃ`âoná',‘uadd“a“c²!haracter˜to“the“bMÞeginning“of˜the“prompt“in-Ž¡’…³-dicating–Çthe›Èediting“moMÞde:‘¢ emacs˜(`â@á'),‘a_vi˜command“(`â:á'),‘a`or“viŽ¡’…³-insertion–¦f(`â+á').‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`âoffá'.Ž¦‘Kâ:âskip-completed-textŽ¡’…³-áIf–ñjset“to“`âoná',‘+this‘ñialters“the“default“completion“bMÞeha²!vior“when“in-Ž¡’…³-serting–}=a‘}“output"Ž¦’…³-áIn› \Àthe‘ \¿abMÞo•²!v“e˜example,‘ JSèC-u˜áis˜bMÞound˜to‘ \¿the˜functionŽ¡’…³-âuniversal-argumentá,‘|èM-DEL› &áis– %bMÞound“to˜the“functionŽ¡’…³-âbackward-kill-wordá,‘ šand–iLèC-o›iKáis“bMÞound˜to“run˜the“macroŽ¡’…³-expressed–~Jon“the›~Irigh²!t“hand“side“(that“is,‘ôBto“insert˜the“text“`â>Ž¡’…³-outputá'–¦fin²!to“the“line).ŽŸP’…³-A‘nbn•²!um“bšMÞer–o[of“sym²!b˜olic“c²!haracter“names“are“recognized“whileŽ¡’…³-proMÞcessing–Ê3this“kš²!ey“binding“syn˜tax:‘%wåDELá,–&åESCá,“åESCAPEá,“åLFDá,Ž¡’…³-åNEWLINEá,–¦fåRETá,“åRETURNá,“åRš²!UBOUTá,“åSP‘ÿeA˜CEá,“åSPCá,“and“åT‘ÿeABá.ŽŸÛo‘Kâ:â"åk²!eyseq@æâ"á:‘ÝÝåfunction-name‘Cmáor‘¦fåmacroŽŽ¡’…³-k•²!eyseq‘ú«ádi ers‘¹Äfrom›¹Ååk“eyname‘VËáabMÞo“v“e˜in˜that–¹Ästrings˜denoting“an˜en-Ž¡’…³-tire– hkš²!ey“sequence“can“b•MÞe‘ gsp“eci ed,‘%éb˜y‘ gplacing– hthe“k˜ey“sequence“inŽ¡’…³-double–‰ôquotes.‘ÔbSome“çgnu“áEmacs“stš²!yle“k˜ey“escapšMÞes“can“b˜e“used,‘¤asŽ¡’…³-in–Ãthe›Âfollo²!wing“example,‘(Ùbut˜the“spMÞecial˜c²!haracter“names˜are“notŽ¡’…³-recognized.Ž¦’¢›‚â"\C-u":‘¿ªuniversal-argumentŽ¡’¢›‚"\C-x\C-r":‘¿ªre-read-init-fileŽŽŒ‹ “YŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®10ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’¢›‚â"\e[11~":–¿ª"Function“Key“1"ŽŸÌ’…³-áIn–Â×the“abšMÞo•²!v“e–Â×example,‘ÉòèC-u“áis“again‘ÂØb˜ound“to“the“functionŽ¤ 33’…³-âuniversal-argument–?ßá(just“as“it“w²!as“in“the“ rst‘?Þexample),‘¦=`èC-xŽ¡’…³-C-rá'–¤Öis“bMÞound“to“the“function“âre-read-init-fileá,‘¥&and“`âESC–¦f[“1“1Ž¡’…³-~á'–¦fis“bMÞound“to“insert“the“text“`âFunction“Key“1á'.Ž©dö‘Kâ:The–’Äfolloš²!wing“çgnu“áEmacs“st˜yle“escapMÞe‘’Åsequences“are“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“when“spMÞecifyingŽ¡‘Kâ:k²!ey‘¦fsequences:Ž¦‘Kâ:è\C-‘(‘õácon²!trol‘¦fpre xŽ¦‘Kâ:è\M-‘(‘õámeta‘¦fpre xŽ¦‘Kâ:è\e‘.QŸáan–¦fescapMÞe“c²!haracterŽ¦‘Kâ:è\\‘.QŸábac²!kslashŽ¦‘Kâ:è\â"‘.QŸ"á,–¦fa“double“quotation“markŽ¦‘Kâ:è\'‘.QŸâ'á,–¦fa“single“quote“or“apMÞostropheŽ¦‘Kâ:In–Qaddition“to›Qthe“çgnu“áEmacs“st²!yle˜escapMÞe“sequences,‘b)a“second˜set“of“bac²!kslashŽ¡‘Kâ:escapMÞes–¦fis“a²!v‘ÿdDailable:Ž¦‘Kâ:â\a‘.QŸáalert‘¦f(bMÞell)Ž¦‘Kâ:â\b‘.QŸábac²!kspaceŽ¦‘Kâ:â\d‘.QŸádeleteŽ¦‘Kâ:â\f‘.QŸáform‘¦ffeedŽ¦‘Kâ:â\n‘.QŸánewlineŽ¦‘Kâ:â\r‘.QŸácarriage‘¦freturnŽ¦‘Kâ:â\t‘.QŸáhorizon²!tal‘¦ftabŽ¦‘Kâ:â\v‘.QŸáv²!ertical‘¦ftabŽ¦‘Kâ:â\ènnn‘"ÒKáthe–$«eighš²!t-bit“c˜haracter‘$ªwhose“v›ÿdDalue“is“the“oMÞctal“v˜alue‘$ªånnn“á(one“toŽ¡’…³-three‘¦fdigits)Ž¦‘Kâ:â\xèHH‘"ÒKáthe›˜eigh•²!t-bit‘˜c“haracter˜whose˜v‘ÿdDalue–˜is˜the˜hexadecimal“v‘ÿdDalue˜åHHŽ¡’…³-á(one–¦for“t•²!w“o–¦fhex“digits)Ž¦‘Kâ:When–}Ëenš²!tering“the“text“of“a“macro,‘³£single“or“double“quotes“m˜ust“bMÞe“used“toŽ¡‘Kâ:indicate–“Ša›“‰macro“de nition.‘‚?Unquoted˜text“is“assumed“to˜bMÞe“a“function˜name.‘‚?InŽ¡‘Kâ:the‘Ämacro›Åb•MÞo“dy‘ÿe,‘Ç~the˜bac²!kslash‘Äescap“es˜describ“ed‘Äab“o•²!v“e˜are‘Äexpanded.‘€ýBac“kslashŽ¡‘Kâ:will–Íquote‘Íanš²!y“other“c˜haracter›Íin“the“macro˜text,‘Éincluding“`â"á'˜and“`â'á'.‘RF‘ÿeorŽ¡‘Kâ:example,‘4 the–folloš²!wing‘Žbinding“will“mak˜e›Ž`èC-x‘¦fâ\á'“insert“a˜single“`â\á'“in²!to˜the“line:ŽŸÌ‘hÊâ"\C-x\\":‘¿ª"\\"ŽŽŒ‹  ›Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®11ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gëe1.3.2‘d(Conditional–íMInit“ConstructsŽŽŸ³3‘GáReadline–iimplemenš²!ts“a“facilit˜y“similar“in‘ispirit“to“the“conditional“compilation“features“ofŽ¤ 33‘Gthe–¯JC‘¯HpreproMÞcessor‘¯Kwhicš²!h“allo˜ws‘¯Kk˜ey“bindings“and›¯Kv‘ÿdDariable“settings“to˜bšMÞe“p˜erformed‘¯Kas“theŽ¡‘Gresult–¦fof“tests.‘ÝÝThere“are“four“parser“directiv²!es“used.Ž©33‘Gâ$if‘(‘õáThe–ÃNâ$if“áconstruct“allo²!ws“bindings“to“bšMÞe‘ÃOmade“based“on“the“editing“mo˜de,‘ʈtheŽ¡‘Kâ:terminal–’ŽbMÞeing›’used,‘͘or“the“application˜using“Readline.‘¢VThe“text“of˜the“testŽ¡‘Kâ:extends–¦fto“the“end“of“the“line;“no“c²!haracters“are“required“to“isolate“it.Ž¦‘Kâ:âmode‘"ÒKáThe–žÞâmode=›žßáform“of“the“â$if“ádirectiv²!e˜is“used“to“test˜whether“Read-Ž¡’…³-line–3½is“in‘3¼âemacs“áor“âvi“ámošMÞde.‘ …áThis“ma²!y“b˜e‘3¼used“in“conjunctionŽ¡’…³-with–º the“`âset‘¦fkeymapá'“command,–ÿfor‘º!instance,“to–º set“bindings“inŽ¡’…³-the–ÌÇâemacs-standard“áand›ÌÆâemacs-ctlx“ák²!eymaps“only“if˜Readline“isŽ¡’…³-starting–¦fout“in“âemacs“ámoMÞde.Ž¦‘Kâ:âterm‘"ÒKáThe–<âterm=“áform›<ma²!y“bMÞe“used“to“include˜terminal-spMÞeci c“k²!ey“bind-Ž¡’…³-ings,‘ƒpMÞerhaps–Vîto“bind›Víthe“k²!ey˜sequences“output“b²!y˜the“terminal'sŽ¡’…³-function–Þ€kš²!eys.‘›;The“w˜ord“on‘Þthe“righ˜t“side“of“the“`â=á'‘Þis“tested“againstŽ¡’…³-bšMÞoth–šPthe“full“name“of“the‘šOterminal“and“the“p˜ortion“of“the“terminalŽ¡’…³-name–×bMÞefore›Öthe“ rst˜`â-á'.‘ÿ/This“allo²!ws˜âsun“áto˜matc²!h“bMÞoth˜âsun“áandŽ¡’…³-âsun-cmdá,–¦ffor“instance.Ž¦‘Kâ:âapplicationŽ¡’…³-áThe–¢âåapplication“áconstruct›¢ãis“used“to“include˜application-spMÞeci c“set-Ž¡’…³-tings.‘£mEac²!h–÷program“using“the‘÷Readline“library“sets“the“åapplicationŽ¡’…³-nameá,‘õwand–ÉŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®14ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘.ùœâ#–¿ªFor“FTPŽ¤ 33‘.ùœ$if‘¿ªFtpŽ¡‘.ùœ"\C-xg":–¿ª"get“\M-?"Ž¡‘.ùœ"\C-xt":–¿ª"put“\M-?"Ž¡‘.ùœ"\M-.":‘¿ªyank-last-argŽ¡‘.ùœ$endifŽŸƨ‘Gë\1.4‘™Bindable–f@Readline“CommandsŽŽŸ33‘GáThis–\section›[describMÞes“Readline“commands˜that“ma²!y“b•MÞe˜b“ound–\to“k²!ey˜sequences.‘¬ÚCommandŽ¡‘Gnames–¦fwithout“an“accompanš²!ying“k˜ey“sequence“are“un˜bMÞound“b˜y“default.ŽŸˆ‘!GIn–%Xthe‘%Wfolloš²!wing“descriptions,‘?'åpMÞoin˜t‘bXárefers›%Wto“the˜curren²!t“cursor“pMÞosition,‘?'and˜åmark‘Ï\árefersŽ¡‘Gto–«Aa“cursor‘«BpMÞosition“sa•²!v“ed›«Ab“y˜the˜âset-mark‘«Bácommand.‘ìnThe˜text˜bMÞet“w“een‘«Bthe˜pMÞoin“t˜andŽ¡‘Gmark–¦fis“referred“to“as“the“åregioná.ŽŸƨ‘Gëe1.4.1‘d(Commands–íMF‘þÄ£or“Mo–ávingŽŽŸ–‡‘Gâbeginning-of-line‘¦f(C-a)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“start“of“the“curren²!t“line.Ž©ùÜ‘Gâend-of-line‘¦f(C-e)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“end“of“the“line.ŽŸùÛ‘Gâforward-char‘¦f(C-f)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e›¦fforw“ard˜a˜c“haracter.Ž¦‘Gâbackward-char‘¦f(C-b)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e›¦fbac“k˜a˜c“haracter.ŽŸùÛ‘Gâforward-word‘¦f(M-f)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e›¢kforw“ard˜to‘¢jthe˜end˜of˜the˜next˜w“ord.‘܉W‘ÿeords˜are˜compMÞosed‘¢jof˜letters˜andŽ¡‘Kâ:digits.Ž¦‘Gâbackward-word‘¦f(M-b)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e››bac“k˜to˜the˜start˜of˜the˜curren“t˜or˜previous˜w“ord.‘|W‘ÿeords˜are˜compMÞosedŽ¡‘Kâ:of–¦fletters“and“digits.ŽŸùÛ‘Gâclear-screen‘¦f(C-l)Ž¡‘Kâ:áClear–2Ôthe›2Õscreen“and˜redra²!w“the˜currenš²!t“line,‘Iñlea˜ving‘2Õthe“curren˜t›2Õline“at˜the“topŽ¡‘Kâ:of–¦fthe“screen.Ž¦‘Gâredraw-current-line‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áRefresh–¦fthe“currenš²!t“line.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“is“un˜bMÞound.ŽŸƨ‘Gëe1.4.2‘d(Commands–íMF‘þÄ£or“Manipulating“The“HistoryŽŽŸ–ˆ‘Gâaccept-line–¦f(Newline“or“Return)Ž¡‘Kâ:áAccept–:the“line“regardless“of›:where“the“cursor“is.‘˜äIf“this˜line“is“non-empt²!y‘ÿe,‘^þitŽ¡‘Kâ:ma²!y–Ô0bMÞe›Ô1added“to˜the“history“list˜for“future˜recall“with“âadd_history()á.‘g=If“thisŽ¡‘Kâ:line–¦fis“a“moMÞdi ed“history“line,“the“history“line“is“restored“to“its“original“state.ŽŸùÛ‘Gâprevious-history‘¦f(C-p)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e›¦f`bac“k'˜through˜the˜history˜list,˜fetc“hing˜the˜previous˜command.ŽŽŒ‹ÀÄŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®15ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gânext-history‘¦f(C-n)Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e›¦f`forw“ard'˜through˜the˜history˜list,˜fetc“hing˜the˜next˜command.Ž©‘Gâbeginning-of-history‘¦f(M-<)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“ rst“line“in“the“history‘ÿe.ŽŸ‘Gâend-of-history‘¦f(M->)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“end“of“the“input“history‘ÿe,“i.e.,“the“line“currenš²!tly“bMÞeing“en˜tered.Ž¦‘Gâreverse-search-history‘¦f(C-r)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›½:bac“kw“ard˜starting‘½;at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving‘½;`up'˜through˜the˜his-Ž¡‘Kâ:tory–¦fas“necessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis“is“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.ŽŸ‘Gâforward-search-history‘¦f(C-s)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›‰÷forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜theŽ¡‘Kâ:history–¦fas“necessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis“is“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.Ž¦‘Gânon-incremental-reverse-search-history‘¦f(M-p)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›½:bac“kw“ard˜starting‘½;at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving‘½;`up'˜through˜the˜his-Ž¡‘Kâ:tory–Ryas“necessary“using‘Rxa“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for“a“string‘Rxsupplied“b˜y“theŽ¡‘Kâ:user.ŽŸ‘Gânon-incremental-forward-search-history‘¦f(M-n)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›‰÷forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜theŽ¡‘Kâ:history–3ªas›3©necessary“using“a˜non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for›3©a“string“supplied˜b²!y“theŽ¡‘Kâ:user.Ž¦‘Gâhistory-search-forward‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›úOforw“ard˜through–úPthe˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of“c•²!haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜theŽ¡‘Kâ:start–QËof›QÌthe“curren²!t“line˜and“the“pMÞoinš²!t.‘à The“searc˜h‘QÌstring“m˜ust“matc˜h‘QÌat“theŽ¡‘Kâ:bMÞeginning–è"of“a“history“line.‘£This“is“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.‘£By“default,‘ø‘thisŽ¡‘Kâ:command–¦fis“un²!bMÞound.ŽŸ‘Gâhistory-search-backward‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›-»bac“kw“ard–-¼through˜the“history˜for“the˜string“of˜cš²!haracters“bMÞet˜w˜een‘-»theŽ¡‘Kâ:start–QËof›QÌthe“curren²!t“line˜and“the“pMÞoinš²!t.‘à The“searc˜h‘QÌstring“m˜ust“matc˜h‘QÌat“theŽ¡‘Kâ:bMÞeginning–è"of“a“history“line.‘£This“is“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.‘£By“default,‘ø‘thisŽ¡‘Kâ:command–¦fis“un²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâhistory-substr-search-forward‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›úOforw“ard˜through–úPthe˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of“c•²!haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜theŽ¡‘Kâ:start–uæof›uçthe“curren²!t“line“and˜the“pMÞoinš²!t.‘ͳThe“searc˜h“string“ma˜y‘uçmatc˜h“an˜ywhereŽ¡‘Kâ:in–è"a“history“line.‘£This“is“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.‘£By“default,‘ø‘this“commandŽ¡‘Kâ:is‘¦fun²!bMÞound.ŽŸ‘Gâhistory-substr-search-backward‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áSearc•²!h›-»bac“kw“ard–-¼through˜the“history˜for“the˜string“of˜cš²!haracters“bMÞet˜w˜een‘-»theŽ¡‘Kâ:start–uæof›uçthe“curren²!t“line“and˜the“pMÞoinš²!t.‘ͳThe“searc˜h“string“ma˜y‘uçmatc˜h“an˜ywhereŽ¡‘Kâ:in–è"a“history“line.‘£This“is“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.‘£By“default,‘ø‘this“commandŽ¡‘Kâ:is‘¦fun²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâyank-nth-arg‘¦f(M-C-y)Ž¡‘Kâ:áInsert–sÐthe›sÏ rst“argumen²!t˜to“the˜previous“command˜(usually“the˜second“w²!ordŽ¡‘Kâ:on–Ô|the›Ô}previous“line)˜at“pMÞoin²!t.‘h!With“an˜argumen²!t“åná,‘àinsert˜the“ånáth˜w²!ord“fromŽŽŒ‹ÉÒŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®16ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Kâ:the–0previous“command“(the“wš²!ords“in‘0the“previous“command“bMÞegin“with“w˜ordŽ¤ 33‘Kâ:0).‘-dA‘À negativ•²!e›Àéargumen“t–Àèinserts˜the“ånáth“w²!ord˜from“the˜end“of˜the“previousŽ¡‘Kâ:command.‘ÍOnce–öGthe“argumenš²!t‘öFån“áis“computed,‘ >the“argumen˜t“is“extracted‘öFas“ifŽ¡‘Kâ:the–¦f`â!èná'“history“expansion“had“bšMÞeen“sp˜eci ed.Ž©ŽÓ‘Gâyank-last-arg–¦f(M-.“or“M-_)Ž¡‘Kâ:áInsert–5Elast›5Fargumen²!t“to“the˜previous“command“(the˜last“w²!ord“of˜the“previousŽ¡‘Kâ:history–"enš²!try).‘With“a‘#n˜umeric“argumen˜t,‘ ’bMÞeha˜v˜e“exactly‘#lik˜e“âyank-nth-argá.Ž¡‘Kâ:Successivš²!e–ú%calls‘ú&to“âyank-last-arg“ámo˜v˜e‘ú&bac˜k“through‘ú&the“history“list,‘™insertingŽ¡‘Kâ:the–µlast‘µwš²!ord“(or“the“w˜ord‘µspMÞeci ed“b˜y“the“argumen˜t›µto“the“ rst“call)˜of“eac²!h“lineŽ¡‘Kâ:in–`¿turn.‘ êAnš²!y“n˜umeric‘`Àargumen˜t“supplied“to‘`Àthese“successiv˜e‘`Àcalls“determinesŽ¡‘Kâ:the–-Idirection›-Jto“mo•²!v“e˜through‘-Ithe˜history‘ÿe.‘r‡A‘-'negativ“e‘-Iargumen“t˜switc“hes‘-ItheŽ¡‘Kâ:direction–¼òthrough›¼óthe“history“(bac²!k˜or“forw²!ard).‘ The“history˜expansion“facilitiesŽ¡‘Kâ:are–Mêused“to›Mëextract“the“last“argumen²!t,‘_as“if“the“`â!$á'“history˜expansion“had“bMÞeenŽ¡‘Kâ:spMÞeci ed.ŽŸ[ ‘Gëe1.4.3‘d(Commands–íMF›þÄ£or“Changing“T˜extŽŽŸa‘Gèend-of-file–¦fâ(usually“C-d)Ž¡‘Kâ:áThe–%¡c²!haracter›% indicating“end-of- le“as“set,–?bfor˜example,“b²!y–%¡âsttyá.‘²ñIf˜this“c²!harac-Ž¡‘Kâ:ter–×is“read“when“there“are“no“cš²!haracters“on“the“line,‘ÒÁand“pMÞoin˜t“is“at“the“bMÞeginningŽ¡‘Kâ:of–¦fthe“line,“Readline“in²!terprets“it“as“the“end“of“input“and“returns“çeofá.Ž¦‘Gâdelete-char‘¦f(C-d)Ž¡‘Kâ:áDelete–þ¾the“cš²!haracter“at“pMÞoin˜t.‘æåIf‘þ½this“function“is“bMÞound“to“the“same“c˜haracterŽ¡‘Kâ:as–¦fthe“ttš²!y“çeof“ác˜haracter,“as“èC-d“ácommonly“is,“see“abMÞo˜v˜e“for“the“e ects.Ž¦‘Gâbackward-delete-char‘¦f(Rubout)Ž¡‘Kâ:áDelete–Ÿ§the“cš²!haracter‘Ÿ¨bMÞehind“the“cursor.‘ÛA‘Ÿ¦n˜umeric“argumen˜t“means‘Ÿ¨to“kill“theŽ¡‘Kâ:c²!haracters–¦finstead“of“deleting“them.Ž¦‘Gâforward-backward-delete-char‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áDelete–˜‘the›˜’c²!haracter“under˜the“cursor,‘Õunless“the˜cursor“is“at˜the“end˜of“theŽ¡‘Kâ:line,‘×~in–Í­whicš²!h‘ͬcase“the“c˜haracter›ͬbMÞehind“the˜cursor“is˜deleted.‘S±By“default,‘×~thisŽ¡‘Kâ:is–¦fnot“bMÞound“to“a“k²!ey‘ÿe.Ž¦‘Gâquoted-insert–¦f(C-q“or“C-v)Ž¡‘Kâ:áAdd–¸the‘¹next“cš²!haracter“t˜ypMÞed‘¹to“the“line“v˜erbatim.‘CÔThis‘¹is“ho˜w“to‘¹insert“k˜eyŽ¡‘Kâ:sequences–¦flik²!e“èC-qá,“for“example.ŽŸŽÒ‘Gâtab-insert‘¦f(M-TAB)Ž¡‘Kâ:áInsert–¦fa“tab“c²!haracter.Ž¦‘Gâself-insert–¦f(a,“b,“A,“1,“!,“...Ž‘åe)Ž¡‘Kâ:áInsert‘¦fy²!ourself.Ž¦‘Gâtranspose-chars‘¦f(C-t)Ž¡‘Kâ:áDrag–Õãthe“cš²!haracter“bMÞefore‘Õâthe“cursor“forw˜ard“o˜v˜er“the“c˜haracter‘Õâat“the“cursor,Ž¡‘Kâ:moš²!ving–C"the“cursor‘C!forw˜ard“as“w˜ell.‘´If“the“insertion‘C!pMÞoin˜t“is“at“the‘C!end“of“theŽ¡‘Kâ:line,‘ÕÍthen–¡¦this“transpMÞoses“the“last“t•²!w“o‘¡§c“haracters–¡¦of“the“line.‘†óNegativš²!e“argumen˜tsŽ¡‘Kâ:ha•²!v“e–¦fno“e ect.ŽŽŒ‹ÖXŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®17ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gâtranspose-words‘¦f(M-t)Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áDrag–áÜthe“w²!ord‘áÝbšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t“past“the“w˜ord‘áÝafter“p•MÞoin˜t,‘ð¹mo˜ving‘áÝp“oin˜t–áÜpast“thatŽ¡‘Kâ:wš²!ord–g¸as“w˜ell.‘ÈùIf“the“insertion“pMÞoin˜t“is“at“the“end“of“the‘g¹line,‘tAthis“transpMÞoses“theŽ¡‘Kâ:last›¦ft•²!w“o˜w“ords˜on˜the˜line.Ž©Ù‘Gâupcase-word‘¦f(M-u)Ž¡‘Kâ:áUppMÞercase–ÖÓthe‘ÖÒcurrenš²!t“(or“follo˜wing)“w˜ord.‘o#With“a‘ÖÒnegativ˜e“argumen˜t,‘âîuppMÞer-Ž¡‘Kâ:case–¦fthe“previous“wš²!ord,“but“do“not“mo˜v˜e“the“cursor.Ž¦‘Gâdowncase-word‘¦f(M-l)Ž¡‘Kâ:áLo•²!w“ercase›”ãthe‘”âcurren“t˜(or‘”âfollo“wing)˜w“ord.‘‚²With‘”âa˜negativ“e˜argumen“t,‘Ë–lo“w“ercaseŽ¡‘Kâ:the–¦fprevious“wš²!ord,“but“do“not“mo˜v˜e“the“cursor.Ž¦‘Gâcapitalize-word‘¦f(M-c)Ž¡‘Kâ:áCapitalize–6the›5curren²!t“(or˜folloš²!wing)“w˜ord.‘€#With‘5a“negativ˜e“argumen˜t,‘ÅrcapitalizeŽ¡‘Kâ:the–¦fprevious“wš²!ord,“but“do“not“mo˜v˜e“the“cursor.Ž¦‘Gâoverwrite-mode‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áT‘ÿeoggle›öo•²!v“erwrite˜mo•MÞde.‘Í With˜an˜explicit˜p“ositiv•²!e‘ö n“umeric˜argumen“t,‘ switc“hesŽ¡‘Kâ:to›™ÿo•²!v“erwrite–šmoMÞde.‘„fWith˜an“explicit˜non-pMÞositivš²!e“n˜umeric–™ÿargumen˜t,‘Ï®switc˜hes“toŽ¡‘Kâ:insert–¬ÛmoMÞde.‘ñ=This›¬Ücommand“a ects“only˜âemacs“ámošMÞde;‘°âvi“ámo˜de‘¬Üdo˜es“o•²!v“erwriteŽ¡‘Kâ:di eren•²!tly‘ÿe.‘ÝÝEac“h–¦fcall“to“âreadline()“ástarts“in“insert“moMÞde.Ž©†%‘Kâ:In›Ièo•²!v“erwrite˜moMÞde,‘òÈc“haracters˜bMÞound˜to˜âself-insert‘Iéáreplace˜the˜text˜atŽ¡‘Kâ:pMÞoinš²!t–rather“than“pushing“the“text“to“the“righ˜t.‘‚Characters“bMÞound“toŽ¡‘Kâ:âbackward-delete-char–¦fáreplace“the“c²!haracter“bšMÞefore“p˜oin²!t“with“a“space.Ž¦‘Kâ:By–¦fdefault,“this“command“is“un²!bMÞound.ŽŸ¥ä‘Gëe1.4.4‘d(Killing–íMAnd“Y‘þÄ£ankingŽŽŸ$‘Gâkill-line‘¦f(C-k)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–¦fthe“text“from“pMÞoin²!t“to“the“end“of“the“line.Ž©Ù‘Gâbackward-kill-line–¦f(C-x“Rubout)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill›¦fbac•²!kw“ard˜to˜the˜bMÞeginning˜of˜the˜line.Ž¦‘Gâunix-line-discard‘¦f(C-u)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill›¦fbac•²!kw“ard˜from˜the˜cursor˜to˜the˜bMÞeginning˜of˜the˜curren“t˜line.Ž¦‘Gâkill-whole-line‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–cjall“cš²!haracters‘cion“the“curren˜t“line,‘’ªno“matter“where“pMÞoin˜t“is.‘èBy“default,Ž¡‘Kâ:this–¦fis“un²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâkill-word‘¦f(M-d)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–‡ from“pMÞoin²!t›‡ to“the“end“of“the˜currenš²!t“w˜ord,‘Por‘‡ if“bMÞet˜w˜een“w˜ords,‘Qto“the“endŽ¡‘Kâ:of–¦fthe“next“w²!ord.‘ÝÝW‘ÿeord“bMÞoundaries“are“the“same“as“âforward-wordá.Ž¦‘Gâbackward-kill-word‘¦f(M-DEL)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–wÖthe›w×w²!ord“b•MÞehind˜p“oin²!t.‘ÎXW‘ÿeord›wÖb“oundaries˜are–w×the˜same“as˜âbackward-wordá.Ž¦‘Gâunix-word-rubout‘¦f(C-w)Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–ÍLthe“w²!ord“bšMÞehind“p˜oinš²!t,‘×using“white“space“as“a“w˜ord“bMÞoundary‘ÿe.‘RThe“killedŽ¡‘Kâ:text–¦fis“sa•²!v“ed–¦fon“the“kill-ring.ŽŽŒ‹ãŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®18ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gâunix-filename-rubout‘¦f()Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áKill–]Üthe“w²!ord“bšMÞehind“p˜oinš²!t,‘‹ºusing“white“space“and“the“slash“c˜haracter“as“theŽ¡‘Kâ:wš²!ord–¦fbMÞoundaries.‘ÝÝThe“killed“text“is“sa˜v˜ed“on“the“kill-ring.Ž©î‘Gâdelete-horizontal-space‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áDelete–¦fall“spaces“and“tabs“around“pMÞoinš²!t.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“is“un˜bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâkill-region‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áKill–¦fthe“text“in“the“currenš²!t“region.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“command“is“un˜bMÞound.ŽŸí‘Gâcopy-region-as-kill‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áCop²!y–³the›²text“in˜the“region˜to“the˜kill“bu er,‘0Eso˜it“can˜bMÞe“y•²!ank“ed˜righ“t‘³a“w“a“y‘ÿe.Ž¡‘Kâ:By–¦fdefault,“this“command“is“un²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâcopy-backward-word‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áCopš²!y–žthe“w˜ord“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t“to“the“kill‘žbu er.‘ÄÿThe“w˜ord“bMÞoundaries“are“theŽ¡‘Kâ:same–¦fas“âbackward-wordá.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“command“is“un²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâcopy-forward-word‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áCopš²!y–º8the“w˜ord“follo˜wing‘º9pMÞoin˜t“to“the“kill“bu er.‘SThe‘º9w˜ord“bMÞoundaries“are“theŽ¡‘Kâ:same–¦fas“âforward-wordá.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“command“is“un²!bMÞound.Ž¦‘Gâyank‘¦f(C-y)Ž¡‘Kâ:áY‘ÿeank–¦fthe“top“of“the“kill“ring“inš²!to“the“bu er“at“pMÞoin˜t.Ž¦‘Gâyank-pop‘¦f(M-y)Ž¡‘Kâ:áRotate–'!the“kill-ring,‘GPand“y²!ank“the“new“top.‘`Y‘ÿeou“can‘'"only“do“this“if“the“priorŽ¡‘Kâ:command–¦fis“âyank“áor“âyank-popá.ŽŸ軑Gëe1.4.5‘d(Spiecifying–íMNumeric“Argumen–átsŽŽŸ§‘Gâdigit-argument–¦f(èM-0â,“èM-1â,“...Ž‘‹ËèM--â)Ž¡‘Kâ:áAdd–:Lthis›:Kdigit“to“the˜argumenš²!t“already“accum˜ulating,‘Oêor“start“a‘:Knew“argumen˜t.Ž¡‘Kâ:èM--–¦fástarts“a“negativš²!e“argumen˜t.Ž¦‘Gâuniversal-argument‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áThis–kis“another“w•²!a“y›jto–kspMÞecify“an“argumen²!t.‘«ßIf“this“command˜is“follo•²!w“ed›kb“y˜oneŽ¡‘Kâ:or–more›digits,‘“´optionally“with˜a“leading“min²!us“sign,‘“³those“digits“de ne˜the“ar-Ž¡‘Kâ:gumenš²!t.‘ÐÚIf‘[the–\command“is“follo˜w˜ed“b˜y“digits,‘‡*executing“âuniversal-argumentŽ¡‘Kâ:áagain–Ñ«ends‘Ѫthe“nš²!umeric“argumen˜t,‘Ü{but“is“otherwise›Ѫignored.‘_«As“a˜spMÞecial“case,Ž¡‘Kâ:if–ñúthis›ñûcommand“is“immediately˜follo•²!w“ed›ñúb“y˜a˜c“haracter–ñûthat˜is˜neither“a˜digitŽ¡‘Kâ:or‘Zwminš²!us–Zxsign,‘i§the“argumen˜t‘Zwcoun˜t“for›Zwthe“next˜command“is˜mš²!ultiplied“b˜y‘Zwfour.Ž¡‘Kâ:The›{targumen•²!t‘{ucoun“t˜is˜initially–{uone,‘°·so˜executing“this˜function˜the“ rst˜timeŽ¡‘Kâ:makš²!es–Ï2the“argumen˜t“coun˜t“four,‘Ùea“second‘Ï3time“mak˜es“the“argumen˜t“coun˜t“six-Ž¡‘Kâ:teen,–¦fand“so“on.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“is“not“bMÞound“to“a“k²!ey‘ÿe.ŽŸ軑Gëe1.4.6‘d(Letting–íMReadline“T–áypie“F›þÄ£or“Y˜ouŽŽŸ§‘Gâcomplete‘¦f(TAB)Ž¡‘Kâ:áA²!ttempt–¶èto›¶çpMÞerform“completion˜on“the˜text“b•MÞefore˜p“oin²!t.‘Ž The˜actual‘¶ècompletionŽ¡‘Kâ:pšMÞerformed–¦fis“application-sp˜eci c.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“ lename“completion.ŽŽŒ‹ò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®19ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gâpossible-completions‘¦f(M-?)Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áList–)¯the›)®pMÞossible“completions˜of“the˜text“b•MÞefore˜p“oin•²!t.‘g·When˜displa“ying‘)¯com-Ž¡‘Kâ:pletions,‘ôfReadline–äÌsets›äÍthe“n•²!um“bMÞer˜of–äÌcolumns“used˜for“displa²!y˜to“the˜v‘ÿdDalue“ofŽ¡‘Kâ:âcompletion-display-widthá,‘Uthe–aŒv›ÿdDalue“of“the“en•²!vironmen“t–aŒv˜ariable“âCOLUMNSá,Ž¡‘Kâ:or–¦fthe“screen“width,“in“that“order.Ž©‚T‘Gâinsert-completions‘¦f(M-*)Ž¡‘Kâ:áInsert–«µall“completions“of“the“text“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t“that“w˜ould“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“generatedŽ¡‘Kâ:b²!y‘¦fâpossible-completionsá.ŽŸ‚U‘Gâmenu-complete‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áSimilar–ÛVto“âcompleteá,‘óbut“replaces“the“wš²!ord“to‘ÛWbMÞe“completed“with“a“single“matc˜hŽ¡‘Kâ:from–‹æthe‘‹çlist“of“pšMÞossible“completions.‘Ž^Rep˜eated“execution‘‹çof“âmenu-completeŽ¡‘Kâ:ásteps–Õ¯through›Õ°the“list“of“pMÞossible˜completions,‘!inserting“eacš²!h“matc˜h‘Õ°in“turn.Ž¡‘Kâ:A²!t–jthe“end“of›jthe“list“of“completions,‘›šthe“bMÞell“is“rung˜(sub‘›»ject“to“the“settingŽ¡‘Kâ:of–Thâbell-styleá)“and“the›Tioriginal“text“is“restored.‘çãAn“argumen²!t˜of“ån“ámo•²!v“es‘ThånŽ¡‘Kâ:ápMÞositions–,Rforw²!ard›,Qin“the“list˜of“matcš²!hes;‘oGa“negativ˜e‘,Qargumen˜t“ma˜y“bMÞe‘,Qused“toŽ¡‘Kâ:mo•²!v“e›™Žbac“kw“ard˜through˜the˜list.‘·VThis˜command˜is˜in“tended˜to˜b•MÞe˜b“ound˜toŽ¡‘Kâ:âTABá,–¦fbut“is“unš²!bMÞound“b˜y“default.Ž¦‘Gâmenu-complete-backward‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áIdenš²!tical–5ato“âmenu-completeá,‘Ybut‘5`mo˜v˜es“bac˜kw˜ard“through“the‘5`list“of“pMÞossibleŽ¡‘Kâ:completions,–¦fas“if“âmenu-complete“áhad“bMÞeen“givš²!en“a“negativ˜e“argumen˜t.Ž¦‘Gâdelete-char-or-list‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áDeletes–«éthe›«èc²!haracter“under“the“cursor˜if“not“at˜the“bMÞeginning“or“end˜of“theŽ¡‘Kâ:line–öØ(lik²!e›öÙâdelete-chará).‘ Ï4If“at˜the“end“of˜the“line,‘ŠôbMÞeha•²!v“es˜iden“tically‘öØtoŽ¡‘Kâ:âpossible-completionsá.‘ÝÝThis–¦fcommand“is“unš²!bMÞound“b˜y“default.ŽŸO!‘Gëe1.4.7‘d(Keybioard‘íMMacrosŽŽŸÚÄ‘Gâstart-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“()Ž¡‘Kâ:áBegin–¦fsaš²!ving“the“c˜haracters“t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro.Ž¦‘Gâend-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“))Ž¡‘Kâ:áStop–G!saš²!ving“the“c˜haracters‘G"t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro‘G"and“sa˜v˜e“theŽ¡‘Kâ:de nition.ŽŸ‚U‘Gâcall-last-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“e)Ž¡‘Kâ:áRe-execute–9Bthe“last‘9Ckš²!eybMÞoard“macro“de ned,‘]ùb˜y“making“the‘9Cc˜haracters“in“theŽ¡‘Kâ:macro–¦fappšMÞear“as“if“t²!yp˜ed“at“the“k²!eyb˜oard.Ž¦‘Gâprint-last-kbd-macro‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áPrinš²!t–¦fthe“last“k˜ebMÞoard“macro“de ned“in“a“format“suitable“for“the“åinputrc‘Pjá le.ŽŸO!‘Gëe1.4.8‘d(Some–íMMiscellaneous“CommandsŽŽŸÚÄ‘Gâre-read-init-file–¦f(C-x“C-r)Ž¡‘Kâ:áRead– kin“the› jcon•²!ten“ts– kof“the“åinputrc‘Joá le,‘ÔÐand“incorpMÞorate“an²!y˜bindings“or“v‘ÿdDariableŽ¡‘Kâ:assignmen²!ts–¦ffound“there.Ž¦‘Gâabort‘¦f(C-g)Ž¡‘Kâ:áAbMÞort–/the›/curren²!t“editing˜command“and˜ring“the˜terminal's“bMÞell˜(sub‘›»ject“to˜theŽ¡‘Kâ:setting–¦fof“âbell-styleá).ŽŽŒ‹ú9Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’ýÓ®20ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gâdo-uppercase-version–¦f(M-a,“M-b,“M-èxâ,“...Ž‘åe)Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áIf–Qõthe“meta ed“cš²!haracter“åx‘Táis“lo˜w˜ercase,‘bÙrun“the“command“that“is“bMÞound“to“theŽ¡‘Kâ:corresp•MÞonding›¦fupp“ercase˜c²!haracter.Ž©‘Gâprefix-meta‘¦f(ESC)Ž¡‘Kâ:áMetafy–‚2the›‚1next“c•²!haracter˜t“ypMÞed.‘q@This–‚2is˜for“k²!eybMÞoards˜without“a˜meta“k²!ey‘ÿe.Ž¡‘Kâ:Tš²!yping–¦f`âESC“fá'“is“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜t“to“t˜yping“èM-fá.ŽŸ‘Gâundo–¦f(C-_“or“C-x“C-u)Ž¡‘Kâ:áIncremenš²!tal–¦fundo,“separately“remem˜bMÞered“for“eac˜h“line.Ž¦‘Gârevert-line‘¦f(M-r)Ž¡‘Kâ:áUndo–úall“cš²!hanges“made“to“this“line.‘ØåThis“is“lik˜e“executing“the“âundo“ácommandŽ¡‘Kâ:enough–¦ftimes“to“get“bac²!k“to“the“bMÞeginning.ŽŸ‘Gâtilde-expand‘¦f(M-~)Ž¡‘Kâ:áPš²!erform–¦ftilde“expansion“on“the“curren˜t“w˜ord.Ž¦‘Gâset-mark‘¦f(C-@)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSet–ðthe“mark“to“the“pMÞoinš²!t.‘ºØIf“a‘ðn˜umeric“argumen˜t“is“supplied,‘ythe“mark“is“setŽ¡‘Kâ:to–¦fthat“pMÞosition.ŽŸ‘Gâexchange-point-and-mark–¦f(C-x“C-x)Ž¡‘Kâ:áSwš²!ap–¾Òthe“pMÞoin˜t“with“the“mark.‘'"The“curren˜t“cursor“pMÞosition“is“set“to“the“sa˜v˜edŽ¡‘Kâ:pšMÞosition,–¦fand“the“old“cursor“p˜osition“is“sa•²!v“ed–¦fas“the“mark.Ž¦‘Gâcharacter-search‘¦f(C-])Ž¡‘Kâ:áA‘ü&cš²!haracter–üQis‘üRread“and“pMÞoin˜t‘üRis“mo˜v˜ed“to›üRthe“next“oMÞccurrence“of˜that“c²!haracter.Ž¡‘Kâ:A–¦fnegativš²!e“coun˜t“searc˜hes“for“previous“oMÞccurrences.ŽŸ‘Gâcharacter-search-backward‘¦f(M-C-])Ž¡‘Kâ:áA‘c"c²!haracter–c•is›c”read“and˜pMÞoinš²!t“is“mo˜v˜ed›c”to“the˜previous“oMÞccurrence˜of“thatŽ¡‘Kâ:c•²!haracter.‘ÝÝA›¦fnegativ“e˜coun“t˜searc“hes˜for˜subsequen“t˜oMÞccurrences.Ž¦‘Gâskip-csi-sequence‘¦f()Ž¡‘Kâ:áRead–G¬enough“cš²!haracters‘G­to“consume“a“m˜ulti-k˜ey“sequence“suc˜h‘G­as“those“de nedŽ¡‘Kâ:for–z÷kš²!eys“lik˜e‘zøHome“and“End.‘[‘Suc˜h“sequences“bMÞegin“with‘zøa“Con˜trol“SequenceŽ¡‘Kâ:Indicator–fM(CSI),“usually–fLESC-[.‘’If“this–fMsequence“is“bMÞound‘fLto“â"\áe[â"á,‘–Fk²!eys“pro-Ž¡‘Kâ:ducing–Ö‰sucš²!h“sequences“will‘Öˆha˜v˜e“no“e ect“unless“explicitly“bMÞound‘Öˆto“a“readlineŽ¡‘Kâ:command,‘ßÔinstead–ÔXof“inserting“straš²!y“c˜haracters“in˜to“the“editing‘ÔWbu 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