//# ArrayBase.h: Non-templated base class for templated Array class
//# Copyright (C) 1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003
//# Associated Universities, Inc. Washington DC, USA,
//#
//# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
//# under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by
//# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
//# option) any later version.
//#
//# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
//# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
//# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Library General Public
//# License for more details.
//#
//# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License
//# along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
//# Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
//#
//# Correspondence concerning AIPS++ should be addressed as follows:
//#        Internet email: aips2-request@nrao.edu.
//#        Postal address: AIPS++ Project Office
//#                        National Radio Astronomy Observatory
//#                        520 Edgemont Road
//#                        Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475 USA
//#
//# $Id: ArrayBase.h 21521 2014-12-10 08:06:42Z gervandiepen $

#ifndef CASA_ARRAYBASE_2_H
#define CASA_ARRAYBASE_2_H

//# Includes
#include "IPosition.h"

#include <memory>

namespace casacore { //# NAMESPACE CASACORE - BEGIN

//# Forward declarations.
class ArrayPositionIterator;
class Slicer;


// <summary>
// A global enum used by some Array constructors.
// </summary>
// <synopsis>
// StorageInitPolicy is used in functions where an array is formed from
// a shape and an ordinary pointer. This enum should be in Array but that
// causes gcc to be unhappy.
// </synopsis>
enum StorageInitPolicy {
  // COPY is used when an internal copy of the storage is to be made.
  // The array is NOT responsible for deleting the external storage.
  COPY,
  // TAKE_OVER is used to indicate that the Array should just use the
  // external storage (i.e., no copy is made). The Array class is now
  // responsible for deleting the storage (hence it must have come from
  // a call to new[]).
  TAKE_OVER,
  // Share means that the Array will just use the pointer (no copy), however
  // the Array will NOT delete it upon destruction.
  SHARE};


// <summary>
// Non-templated base class for templated Array class.
// </summary>

// ArrayBase is only used to factor out common code from the templated
// Array class.

class ArrayBase
{
public:
  ArrayBase() noexcept;

  // Create an array of the given shape, i.e. after construction
  // array.ndim() == shape.nelements() and array.shape() == shape.
  // The origin of the Array is zero.
  explicit ArrayBase (const IPosition& shape);

  // Copy constructor.
  ArrayBase (const ArrayBase& other);
  
  ArrayBase (ArrayBase&& source) noexcept;

  // Assignment.
  ArrayBase& assign (const ArrayBase&);
  
  ArrayBase& operator=(const ArrayBase&) = delete;

  ArrayBase& operator=(ArrayBase&&) noexcept;

  // Destructor.
  virtual ~ArrayBase() noexcept;

  // The dimensionality of this array.
  size_t ndim() const
    { return ndimen_p; }

  // How many elements does this array have? Product of all axis lengths.
  // <group>
  size_t nelements() const
    { return nels_p; }
  size_t size() const
    { return nels_p; }
  // </group>

  // Is the array empty (i.e. no elements)?
  bool empty() const
    { return nels_p == 0; }

  // Are the array data contiguous?
  // If they are not contiguous, <src>getStorage</src> (see below)
  // needs to make a copy.
  bool contiguousStorage() const
    { return contiguous_p; }

  // Check to see if the Array is consistent. This is about the same thing
  // as checking for invariants. If AIPS_DEBUG is defined, this is invoked
  // after construction and on entry to most member functions.
  virtual bool ok() const;

  // The length of each axis.
  const IPosition& shape() const
    { return length_p; }

  // A convenience function: endPosition(i) = shape(i) - 1; i.e. this
  // is the IPosition of the last element of the Array.
  IPosition endPosition() const;

  // Return steps to be made if stepping one element in a dimension.
  // This is the 'physical' step, thus it also works correctly for
  // non-contiguous arrays. E.g. <src>data() + steps(0)</src> gives
  // the second element of the first axis.
  const IPosition& steps() const
    { return steps_p; }

  // Array version for major change (used by ArrayIO).
  // enum did not work properly with cfront 3.0.1), so replaced
  // by a static inline function. Users won't normally use this.
  static unsigned arrayVersion()
    {return 3;}

  // Make an empty array of the same type.
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<ArrayBase> makeArray() const;

  // Resize the array and optionally copy the values.
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  virtual void resize(const IPosition &newShape, bool copyValues=false);

  // Resize the array and optionally copy the values.
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  //virtual void resize(const IPosition &newShape, bool copyValues, ArrayInitPolicy policy);

  // Create an ArrayIterator object of the correct type.
  // This is implemented in the derived Array classes.
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<ArrayPositionIterator> makeIterator (size_t byDim) const;

  // Get a reference to a section of an array.
  // This is the same as Array<T>::operator(), but without having to know
  // the exact template type.
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<ArrayBase> getSection (const Slicer&) const;

  // Assign the source array to this array.
  // If <src>checkType==true</src>, it is checked if the underlying template
  // types match. Otherwise, it is only checked in debug mode (for performance).
  // <br>The default implementation in ArrayBase throws an exception.
  virtual void assignBase (const ArrayBase& source, bool checkType=true);

  // The following functions behave the same as the corresponding getStorage
  // functions in the derived templated Array class.
  // They handle a pointer to a contiguous block of array data.
  // If the array is not contiguous, a copy is used to make it contiguous.
  // <group>
  virtual void* getVStorage (bool& deleteIt);
  virtual const void* getVStorage (bool& deleteIt) const;
  virtual void putVStorage(void*& storage, bool deleteAndCopy);
  virtual void freeVStorage(const void*& storage, bool deleteIt) const;
  // <group>

protected:
  // For subclasses, this move constructor allows the moved-from object to
  // obtain a given shape after resizing. This way, e.g. a source Matrix can 
  // still kee a dimensionality of 2.
  ArrayBase(ArrayBase&& source, const IPosition& shapeForSource) noexcept;
  
  void swap(ArrayBase& source) noexcept;
  
  // Either reforms the array if size permits or resizes it to the new shape.
  // Implementation of Array<T>::reformOrResize (slightly different signature).

  bool reformOrResize (const IPosition & newShape,
                       bool resizeIfNeeded,
		       size_t nReferences,
		       long long nElementsAllocated,
           bool copyDataIfNeeded,
		       size_t resizePercentage);

  // Determine if the storage of a subset is contiguous.
  bool isStorageContiguous() const;

  // Check if the shape of a vector is correct. If possible, adjust if not.
  // It is possible if at most one axis has length > 1.
  void checkVectorShape();

  // Check if the shape of a matrix is correct. Adjust it if smaller.
  void checkMatrixShape();

  // Check if the shape of a cube is correct. Adjust it if smaller.
  void checkCubeShape();

  // Reform the array to a shape with the same nr of elements.  If nonStrict then
  // caller assumes responsibility for not overrunning storage (avoid or use with extreme care).
  void baseReform (ArrayBase& tmp, const IPosition& shape, bool strict=true) const;

  // Remove the degenerate axes from the Array object.
  // This is the implementation of the nonDegenerate functions.
  // It has a different name to be able to make it virtual without having
  // the "hide virtual function" message when compiling derived classes.
  void baseNonDegenerate (const ArrayBase& other, const IPosition& ignoreAxes);
    
  // These member functions return an Array reference with the specified
  // number of extra axes, all of length one, appended to the end of the
  // Array. Note that the <src>reform</src> function can also be
  // used to add extra axes.
  void baseAddDegenerate (ArrayBase&, size_t numAxes);

  // Make a subset of an array.
  // It checks if start,end,incr are within the array limits.
  // It returns the offset of the subset in the (original) array.
  size_t makeSubset (ArrayBase& out,
                     const IPosition& b,
                     const IPosition& e,
                     const IPosition& i);

  // Set the length and stride such that the diagonal of the matrices
  // defined by two consecutive axes is formed.
  // <src>diag</src> == 0 indicates the main diagonal, >0 above, <0 below.
  // It returns the offset of the diagonal in the (original) array.
  size_t makeDiagonal (size_t firstAxis, long long diag);

  // Are the shapes identical?
  bool conform2 (const ArrayBase& other) const
    { return length_p.isEqual (other.length_p); }

  // Make the indexing step sizes.
  void baseMakeSteps();

  // Helper function for templated Vector class.
  // It returns if this and other are conformant.
  bool copyVectorHelper (const ArrayBase& other);

public:
  // Various helper functions.
  // <group>
  void validateConformance (const ArrayBase&) const;
  void validateIndex (const IPosition&) const;
  void validateIndex (size_t index) const;
  void validateIndex (size_t index1, size_t index2) const;
  void validateIndex (size_t index1, size_t index2, size_t index3) const;
  // </group>

protected:
  // Number of elements in the array. Cached rather than computed.
  size_t nels_p;
  // Dimensionality of the array.
  size_t ndimen_p;
  // Are the data contiguous?
  bool contiguous_p;
  // Used to hold the shape, increment into the underlying storage
  // and originalLength of the array.
  IPosition length_p, inc_p, originalLength_p;
  // Used to hold the step to next element in each dimension.
  IPosition steps_p;
};


// <summary> General global functions for Arrays. </summary>
// <reviewed reviewer="UNKNOWN" date="before2004/08/25" tests="tArray">
//
// <prerequisite>
//   <li> <linkto class=Array>Array</linkto>
// </prerequisite>
//
// <synopsis>
// These are generally useful global functions which operate on all
// Arrays.
// </synopsis>
//
// <linkfrom anchor="Array general global functions" classes="Array Vector Matrix Cube">
//   <here>Array general global functions</here> -- General global functions
//   for Arrays.
// </linkfrom>
//
// <group name="Array general global functions">

// 
// What is the volume of an N-dimensional array. 
// Shape[0]*Shape[1]*...*Shape[N-1]. An Array helper function.
//# Implemented in Array2.cc.
size_t ArrayVolume (size_t Ndim, const int* Shape);

// 
// What is the linear index into an "Ndim" dimensional array of the given
// "Shape", "Origin", and "Increment" for a given IPosition Index.
//  An Array helper function.
// <group>
//# Implemented in Array2.cc.
size_t ArrayIndexOffset (size_t Ndim, const ssize_t* Shape, 
                         const ssize_t* Origin, const ssize_t* Inc, 
                         const IPosition& Index);
size_t ArrayIndexOffset (size_t Ndim, const ssize_t* Shape, 
                         const ssize_t* Inc, const IPosition& Index);
// </group>

// Function to check the shapes. It throws an exception if not equal.
// <group>
void throwArrayShapes (const IPosition& shape1,
                       const IPosition& shape2,
                       const char* name);
inline void checkArrayShapes (const ArrayBase& left, const ArrayBase& right,
                              const char* name)
{
  if (! left.shape().isEqual (right.shape())) {
    throwArrayShapes (left.shape(), right.shape(), name);
  }
}
// </group>

// </group>

} //# NAMESPACE CASACORE - END

#endif