import re
from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Address,
    IPv4Interface,
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Address,
    IPv6Interface,
    IPv6Network,
    _BaseAddress,
    _BaseNetwork,
)
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Collection,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    List,
    Match,
    Optional,
    Pattern,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    Type,
    Union,
    cast,
    no_type_check,
)

from . import errors
from .utils import Representation, update_not_none
from .validators import constr_length_validator, str_validator

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    import email_validator
    from typing_extensions import TypedDict

    from .config import BaseConfig
    from .fields import ModelField
    from .typing import AnyCallable

    CallableGenerator = Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]

    class Parts(TypedDict, total=False):
        scheme: str
        user: Optional[str]
        password: Optional[str]
        ipv4: Optional[str]
        ipv6: Optional[str]
        domain: Optional[str]
        port: Optional[str]
        path: Optional[str]
        query: Optional[str]
        fragment: Optional[str]

    class HostParts(TypedDict, total=False):
        host: str
        tld: Optional[str]
        host_type: Optional[str]
        port: Optional[str]
        rebuild: bool

else:
    email_validator = None

    class Parts(dict):
        pass


NetworkType = Union[str, bytes, int, Tuple[Union[str, bytes, int], Union[str, int]]]

__all__ = [
    'AnyUrl',
    'AnyHttpUrl',
    'FileUrl',
    'HttpUrl',
    'stricturl',
    'EmailStr',
    'NameEmail',
    'IPvAnyAddress',
    'IPvAnyInterface',
    'IPvAnyNetwork',
    'PostgresDsn',
    'CockroachDsn',
    'AmqpDsn',
    'RedisDsn',
    'MongoDsn',
    'KafkaDsn',
    'validate_email',
]

_url_regex_cache = None
_multi_host_url_regex_cache = None
_ascii_domain_regex_cache = None
_int_domain_regex_cache = None
_host_regex_cache = None

_host_regex = (
    r'(?:'
    r'(?P<ipv4>(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3})(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv4
    r'(?P<ipv6>\[[A-F0-9]*:[A-F0-9:]+\])(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv6
    r'(?P<domain>[^\s/:?#]+)'  # domain, validation occurs later
    r')?'
    r'(?::(?P<port>\d+))?'  # port
)
_scheme_regex = r'(?:(?P<scheme>[a-z][a-z0-9+\-.]+)://)?'  # scheme https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-A
_user_info_regex = r'(?:(?P<user>[^\s:/]*)(?::(?P<password>[^\s/]*))?@)?'
_path_regex = r'(?P<path>/[^\s?#]*)?'
_query_regex = r'(?:\?(?P<query>[^\s#]*))?'
_fragment_regex = r'(?:#(?P<fragment>[^\s#]*))?'


def url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
    global _url_regex_cache
    if _url_regex_cache is None:
        _url_regex_cache = re.compile(
            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}{_host_regex}{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
            re.IGNORECASE,
        )
    return _url_regex_cache


def multi_host_url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
    """
    Compiled multi host url regex.

    Additionally to `url_regex` it allows to match multiple hosts.
    E.g. host1.db.net,host2.db.net
    """
    global _multi_host_url_regex_cache
    if _multi_host_url_regex_cache is None:
        _multi_host_url_regex_cache = re.compile(
            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}'
            r'(?P<hosts>([^/]*))'  # validation occurs later
            rf'{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
            re.IGNORECASE,
        )
    return _multi_host_url_regex_cache


def ascii_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
    global _ascii_domain_regex_cache
    if _ascii_domain_regex_cache is None:
        ascii_chunk = r'[_0-9a-z](?:[-_0-9a-z]{0,61}[_0-9a-z])?'
        ascii_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>\.[a-z]{2,63})?\.?'
        _ascii_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(
            fr'(?:{ascii_chunk}\.)*?{ascii_chunk}{ascii_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE
        )
    return _ascii_domain_regex_cache


def int_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
    global _int_domain_regex_cache
    if _int_domain_regex_cache is None:
        int_chunk = r'[_0-9a-\U00040000](?:[-_0-9a-\U00040000]{0,61}[_0-9a-\U00040000])?'
        int_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>(\.[^\W\d_]{2,63})|(\.(?:xn--)[_0-9a-z-]{2,63}))?\.?'
        _int_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(fr'(?:{int_chunk}\.)*?{int_chunk}{int_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE)
    return _int_domain_regex_cache


def host_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
    global _host_regex_cache
    if _host_regex_cache is None:
        _host_regex_cache = re.compile(
            _host_regex,
            re.IGNORECASE,
        )
    return _host_regex_cache


class AnyUrl(str):
    strip_whitespace = True
    min_length = 1
    max_length = 2**16
    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None
    tld_required: bool = False
    user_required: bool = False
    host_required: bool = True
    hidden_parts: Set[str] = set()

    __slots__ = ('scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'tld', 'host_type', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment')

    @no_type_check
    def __new__(cls, url: Optional[str], **kwargs) -> object:
        return str.__new__(cls, cls.build(**kwargs) if url is None else url)

    def __init__(
        self,
        url: str,
        *,
        scheme: str,
        user: Optional[str] = None,
        password: Optional[str] = None,
        host: Optional[str] = None,
        tld: Optional[str] = None,
        host_type: str = 'domain',
        port: Optional[str] = None,
        path: Optional[str] = None,
        query: Optional[str] = None,
        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> None:
        str.__init__(url)
        self.scheme = scheme
        self.user = user
        self.password = password
        self.host = host
        self.tld = tld
        self.host_type = host_type
        self.port = port
        self.path = path
        self.query = query
        self.fragment = fragment

    @classmethod
    def build(
        cls,
        *,
        scheme: str,
        user: Optional[str] = None,
        password: Optional[str] = None,
        host: str,
        port: Optional[str] = None,
        path: Optional[str] = None,
        query: Optional[str] = None,
        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
        **_kwargs: str,
    ) -> str:
        parts = Parts(
            scheme=scheme,
            user=user,
            password=password,
            host=host,
            port=port,
            path=path,
            query=query,
            fragment=fragment,
            **_kwargs,  # type: ignore[misc]
        )

        url = scheme + '://'
        if user:
            url += user
        if password:
            url += ':' + password
        if user or password:
            url += '@'
        url += host
        if port and ('port' not in cls.hidden_parts or cls.get_default_parts(parts).get('port') != port):
            url += ':' + port
        if path:
            url += path
        if query:
            url += '?' + query
        if fragment:
            url += '#' + fragment
        return url

    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        update_not_none(field_schema, minLength=cls.min_length, maxLength=cls.max_length, format='uri')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: Any, field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'AnyUrl':
        if value.__class__ == cls:
            return value
        value = str_validator(value)
        if cls.strip_whitespace:
            value = value.strip()
        url: str = cast(str, constr_length_validator(value, field, config))

        m = cls._match_url(url)
        # the regex should always match, if it doesn't please report with details of the URL tried
        assert m, 'URL regex failed unexpectedly'

        original_parts = cast('Parts', m.groupdict())
        parts = cls.apply_default_parts(original_parts)
        parts = cls.validate_parts(parts)

        if m.end() != len(url):
            raise errors.UrlExtraError(extra=url[m.end() :])

        return cls._build_url(m, url, parts)

    @classmethod
    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'AnyUrl':
        """
        Validate hosts and build the AnyUrl object. Split from `validate` so this method
        can be altered in `MultiHostDsn`.
        """
        host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(parts)

        return cls(
            None if rebuild else url,
            scheme=parts['scheme'],
            user=parts['user'],
            password=parts['password'],
            host=host,
            tld=tld,
            host_type=host_type,
            port=parts['port'],
            path=parts['path'],
            query=parts['query'],
            fragment=parts['fragment'],
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
        return url_regex().match(url)

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_port(port: Optional[str]) -> None:
        if port is not None and int(port) > 65_535:
            raise errors.UrlPortError()

    @classmethod
    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
        """
        A method used to validate parts of a URL.
        Could be overridden to set default values for parts if missing
        """
        scheme = parts['scheme']
        if scheme is None:
            raise errors.UrlSchemeError()

        if cls.allowed_schemes and scheme.lower() not in cls.allowed_schemes:
            raise errors.UrlSchemePermittedError(set(cls.allowed_schemes))

        if validate_port:
            cls._validate_port(parts['port'])

        user = parts['user']
        if cls.user_required and user is None:
            raise errors.UrlUserInfoError()

        return parts

    @classmethod
    def validate_host(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], str, bool]:
        tld, host_type, rebuild = None, None, False
        for f in ('domain', 'ipv4', 'ipv6'):
            host = parts[f]  # type: ignore[literal-required]
            if host:
                host_type = f
                break

        if host is None:
            if cls.host_required:
                raise errors.UrlHostError()
        elif host_type == 'domain':
            is_international = False
            d = ascii_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
            if d is None:
                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
                if d is None:
                    raise errors.UrlHostError()
                is_international = True

            tld = d.group('tld')
            if tld is None and not is_international:
                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
                assert d is not None
                tld = d.group('tld')
                is_international = True

            if tld is not None:
                tld = tld[1:]
            elif cls.tld_required:
                raise errors.UrlHostTldError()

            if is_international:
                host_type = 'int_domain'
                rebuild = True
                host = host.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
                if tld is not None:
                    tld = tld.encode('idna').decode('ascii')

        return host, tld, host_type, rebuild  # type: ignore

    @staticmethod
    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        return {}

    @classmethod
    def apply_default_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        for key, value in cls.get_default_parts(parts).items():
            if not parts[key]:  # type: ignore[literal-required]
                parts[key] = value  # type: ignore[literal-required]
        return parts

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        extra = ', '.join(f'{n}={getattr(self, n)!r}' for n in self.__slots__ if getattr(self, n) is not None)
        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()}, {extra})'


class AnyHttpUrl(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {'http', 'https'}

    __slots__ = ()


class HttpUrl(AnyHttpUrl):
    tld_required = True
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/417142/what-is-the-maximum-length-of-a-url-in-different-browsers
    max_length = 2083
    hidden_parts = {'port'}

    @staticmethod
    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        return {'port': '80' if parts['scheme'] == 'http' else '443'}


class FileUrl(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {'file'}
    host_required = False

    __slots__ = ()


class MultiHostDsn(AnyUrl):
    __slots__ = AnyUrl.__slots__ + ('hosts',)

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, hosts: Optional[List['HostParts']] = None, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.hosts = hosts

    @staticmethod
    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
        return multi_host_url_regex().match(url)

    @classmethod
    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
        return super().validate_parts(parts, validate_port=False)

    @classmethod
    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'MultiHostDsn':
        hosts_parts: List['HostParts'] = []
        host_re = host_regex()
        for host in m.groupdict()['hosts'].split(','):
            d: Parts = host_re.match(host).groupdict()  # type: ignore
            host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(d)
            port = d.get('port')
            cls._validate_port(port)
            hosts_parts.append(
                {
                    'host': host,
                    'host_type': host_type,
                    'tld': tld,
                    'rebuild': rebuild,
                    'port': port,
                }
            )

        if len(hosts_parts) > 1:
            return cls(
                None if any([hp['rebuild'] for hp in hosts_parts]) else url,
                scheme=parts['scheme'],
                user=parts['user'],
                password=parts['password'],
                path=parts['path'],
                query=parts['query'],
                fragment=parts['fragment'],
                host_type=None,
                hosts=hosts_parts,
            )
        else:
            # backwards compatibility with single host
            host_part = hosts_parts[0]
            return cls(
                None if host_part['rebuild'] else url,
                scheme=parts['scheme'],
                user=parts['user'],
                password=parts['password'],
                host=host_part['host'],
                tld=host_part['tld'],
                host_type=host_part['host_type'],
                port=host_part.get('port'),
                path=parts['path'],
                query=parts['query'],
                fragment=parts['fragment'],
            )


class PostgresDsn(MultiHostDsn):
    allowed_schemes = {
        'postgres',
        'postgresql',
        'postgresql+asyncpg',
        'postgresql+pg8000',
        'postgresql+psycopg',
        'postgresql+psycopg2',
        'postgresql+psycopg2cffi',
        'postgresql+py-postgresql',
        'postgresql+pygresql',
    }
    user_required = True

    __slots__ = ()


class CockroachDsn(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {
        'cockroachdb',
        'cockroachdb+psycopg2',
        'cockroachdb+asyncpg',
    }
    user_required = True


class AmqpDsn(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {'amqp', 'amqps'}
    host_required = False


class RedisDsn(AnyUrl):
    __slots__ = ()
    allowed_schemes = {'redis', 'rediss'}
    host_required = False

    @staticmethod
    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        return {
            'domain': 'localhost' if not (parts['ipv4'] or parts['ipv6']) else '',
            'port': '6379',
            'path': '/0',
        }


class MongoDsn(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {'mongodb'}

    # TODO: Needed to generic "Parts" for "Replica Set", "Sharded Cluster", and other mongodb deployment modes
    @staticmethod
    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        return {
            'port': '27017',
        }


class KafkaDsn(AnyUrl):
    allowed_schemes = {'kafka'}

    @staticmethod
    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
        return {
            'domain': 'localhost',
            'port': '9092',
        }


def stricturl(
    *,
    strip_whitespace: bool = True,
    min_length: int = 1,
    max_length: int = 2**16,
    tld_required: bool = True,
    host_required: bool = True,
    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
) -> Type[AnyUrl]:
    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
    namespace = dict(
        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
        min_length=min_length,
        max_length=max_length,
        tld_required=tld_required,
        host_required=host_required,
        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
    )
    return type('UrlValue', (AnyUrl,), namespace)


def import_email_validator() -> None:
    global email_validator
    try:
        import email_validator
    except ImportError as e:
        raise ImportError('email-validator is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[email]`') from e


class EmailStr(str):
    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        field_schema.update(type='string', format='email')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        # included here and below so the error happens straight away
        import_email_validator()

        yield str_validator
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: Union[str]) -> str:
        return validate_email(value)[1]


class NameEmail(Representation):
    __slots__ = 'name', 'email'

    def __init__(self, name: str, email: str):
        self.name = name
        self.email = email

    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
        return isinstance(other, NameEmail) and (self.name, self.email) == (other.name, other.email)

    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        field_schema.update(type='string', format='name-email')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        import_email_validator()

        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'NameEmail':
        if value.__class__ == cls:
            return value
        value = str_validator(value)
        return cls(*validate_email(value))

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f'{self.name} <{self.email}>'


class IPvAnyAddress(_BaseAddress):
    __slots__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyaddress')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: Union[str, bytes, int]) -> Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address]:
        try:
            return IPv4Address(value)
        except ValueError:
            pass

        try:
            return IPv6Address(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise errors.IPvAnyAddressError()


class IPvAnyInterface(_BaseAddress):
    __slots__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyinterface')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Interface, IPv6Interface]:
        try:
            return IPv4Interface(value)
        except ValueError:
            pass

        try:
            return IPv6Interface(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise errors.IPvAnyInterfaceError()


class IPvAnyNetwork(_BaseNetwork):  # type: ignore
    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanynetwork')

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Network, IPv6Network]:
        # Assume IP Network is defined with a default value for ``strict`` argument.
        # Define your own class if you want to specify network address check strictness.
        try:
            return IPv4Network(value)
        except ValueError:
            pass

        try:
            return IPv6Network(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise errors.IPvAnyNetworkError()


pretty_email_regex = re.compile(r'([\w ]*?) *<(.*)> *')


def validate_email(value: Union[str]) -> Tuple[str, str]:
    """
    Brutally simple email address validation. Note unlike most email address validation
    * raw ip address (literal) domain parts are not allowed.
    * "John Doe <local_part@domain.com>" style "pretty" email addresses are processed
    * the local part check is extremely basic. This raises the possibility of unicode spoofing, but no better
        solution is really possible.
    * spaces are striped from the beginning and end of addresses but no error is raised

    See RFC 5322 but treat it with suspicion, there seems to exist no universally acknowledged test for a valid email!
    """
    if email_validator is None:
        import_email_validator()

    m = pretty_email_regex.fullmatch(value)
    name: Optional[str] = None
    if m:
        name, value = m.groups()

    email = value.strip()

    try:
        email_validator.validate_email(email, check_deliverability=False)
    except email_validator.EmailNotValidError as e:
        raise errors.EmailError() from e

    at_index = email.index('@')
    local_part = email[:at_index]  # RFC 5321, local part must be case-sensitive.
    global_part = email[at_index:].lower()

    return name or local_part, local_part + global_part