When did rainfall make the Nile fertile, causing hunters to settle? 9000 BCE When were agricultural villages spread across the Nile River Valley? 5000 BCE `start`-`end` BCE: Start of civilization in `place1` and `place2` start: 3500 end: 3000 place1: Egypt place2: Nubia Nubia is `position` of Egypt. position: South `time` BCE: Multiple states merged by `king` (a.k.a. `nickname`) along the Nile, starting Egypt time: 3100 king: Narmer nickname: Scorpion King `time` BCE: `name` shows how Narmer united Egypt by `action` time: 3150 name: Narmer Palette action: force `start`-`end` BCE: `name`, an early Nubian civilization that evolved seperately from Egyptian civilization start: 3400 end: 3200 name: Ta-seti What type of government did Egypt have (and early Mesopotamia)? Theocracy What type of religion was Egyptian religion? Polytheistic The sun god was `sun god`, the god of death was `god of death`, the ideal mother and wife was `ideal mother and wife` sun god: Re god of death: Osiris ideal mother and wife: Isis Hierarchy was Pharaoh, then `1` (most trusted advisor), `2` which wanted to be must trusted advisor, `3`, `4`, and `5` 1: Vizier 2: High priests and Nobles 3: Officials and Scribes 4: Craftsmen and Artists 5: Laborers, peasants, and slaves What could people do to change their social class in Egypt (progressive)? marry up learn craft Egyptian cities were `adjective` instead of competing like in Sumer. adjective: unified `start`-`end` BCE: Early dynastic period start: 2920 end: 2575 `start`-`end` BCE: Old Kingdom start: 2575 end: 2134 `start`-`end` BCE: First Intermediate Period start: 2134 end: 2040 `start`-`end` BCE: Middle Kingdom start: 2040 end: 1640 `start`-`end` BCE: Second Intermediate Period start: 1640 end: 1550 `start`-`end` BCE: New Kingdom start: 1550 end: 1070 `start`-`end` BCE: Third Intermediate Period start: 1070 end: 712 `start`-`end` BCE: Late Period start: 712 end: 332 `object`: Gotten by Napoleon, had same thing 3 times, first in `a`, then `b`, then `c` object: Rosetta Stone a: Hieroglyphs b: Egyptian Script c: Greek `name`: God of the Divine order of the Universe, very important for `a` and `b`, kept legitimacy name: Ma'at a: beauty b: balance 2920-2770 BCE: First dynasty, start of `phase` phase: Early Dynastic Period 2649-2575 BCE: Third dynasty, `king` makes `name` pyramid, first pyramid king: Djoser name: step 2575-2465 BCE: Fourth dynasty, beginning of `phase`, made `a` and `b` phase: Old Kingdom a: Pyramids of Giza b: Sphinx How were pyramids positioned? aligned with stars What did shafts in pyramids point to? Orion 2465-2323 BCE: Fifth dynasty, king was `name`, Pharaoh loses power as `god` becomes popular name: Unas god: sun god `start`-`end` BCE: Less flooding in Egypt, let to upheaval start: 2250 end: 1950 2323-1250 BCE: Sixth dynasty, kingdom replaced by Nobility, `name` I & II name: Pepi 2150-2134 BCE: Seventh and eigth dynasties, civil war, anarchy, end of `phase` because loss of `requirement` phase: Old Kingdom requirement: food surplus What was written on in Egypt? papyrus 2134-2040 BCE: Ninth and tenth dynasties, called `name`, eleventh dynasty at the same time called `name2`, fighting between the two, this time was `phase` name: Herakleopolitan name2: Theban phase: First Intermediate Period 2134-1991 BCE: Eleventh dynasty in Thebes, reunified in `time` BCE, beginning of `phase`, `name` (death god) becomes popular but sun god remains popular time: 2040 phase: Middle Kingdom name: Osiris The Middle Kingdom was not as powerful as the Old Kingdom or New Kingdom, and they were `adjective`. adjective: isolationist Who brought back art in the Eleventh dynasty? Montuhoteps Where did people go during the Middle Kingdom? Punt Nubia 1783-1640 BCE: Thirteenth dynasty, end of `phase` due to last `name` being weak phase: Middle Kingdom name: Amenemhet The fourteenth dynasty ruled through the `a` and `b` dynasties. a: thirteenth b: fifteenth During the Second Intermediate Period, a group named the `name` used `technology` technology to take control, making their capital `city`, but weren't accepted name: Hyksos city: Memphis technology: horse and chariot 1650-1500 BCE: 15th, 16th, 17th dynasties rule at once, was the `phase` phase: Second Intermediate Period `time` BCE: Egyptian empire becomes bridge between `south place` and `north place`, rules lots of non-Egyptians and becomes part of the `place` and `place2` international political system, lots of gift exchange. time: 1500 south place: Africa north place: Asia place: Babylonian place2: Assyrian 1550-1307 BCE: Eighteenth dynasty, beginning of `phase`, Prince `fighter` dies ten years before taking over, his brother `brother` leads phase: New Kingdom fighter: Kamose brother: Ahmose What did Akhenaten do? Challenge Amen, god of Thebes 1196-1070 BCE: Twentieth dynasty, end of `phase` phase: New Kingdom The New Kingdom was known as the "`name`" and had lots of `structure` in `place`. name: Golden Age structure: Temples place: Valley of the Kings Akhenaten was the first `thing`, and made the capital city `city`. thing: Monotheist city: Amarna 1070-945 BCE: Twenty-first dynasty, Palestine taken by invaders, corruption splits apart Egypt, Lower Egypt is controlled by `group`, upper egypt is controlled by `group2` people which take control of Amen, beginning of `phase`. group: Merchant monarchs group2: military phase: Third Intermediate Period 945-712 BCE: Twenty-second dynasty, `ethnicity` ethnicity: Libyan 724-712 BCE: Twenty-third dynasty, `ethnicity` ethnicity: Libyan 770-675 BCE: Twenty-fifth dynasty, `ethnicity` (Kush) unify Egypt in `time` BCE, marks beginning of `phase` time: 712 ethnicity: Thebes/Nubian phase: Late Period Double `thing`: Two snakes icon worn by `number`th dynasty to show unification of Egypt and Nubia thing: Uraeus number: 25 525-404 BCE: Twenty-seventh dynasty (`ethnicity`) because Persians stormed border ethnicity: Persian When did Nubia develop an ironworking industry? 500 BCE 380-`end` BCE: Thirtieth dynasty end: 343 343-332 BCE: Second `name` period name: Persian When did Alexander the great take over Egypt? 332 BCE