`person` talks about what is needed for civilization. person: Robert Carneiro Robert Carneiro says following is needed for civilization, because it led to innovation like plows and irrigation to get more out of land high and growing density congested and competitive society limited rich land Competition led to `something`, which a State was more suitable for. something: warfare `time` BCE: Uruk [`place`] - Pop: `population`k time: 3000 place: Mesopotamia population: 50 `time` BCE: Mohenjo Daro & Harappa [`place`] - Pop: `population`k time: 2000 place: Indus Valley population: 40 `time` CE: Teotihuacán [`place`] - Pop: `population`k time: 500 place: Mesoamerica population: 150 Cities, unlike villages, were `adjective` adjective: impersonal Features of cities? Administrative capital Center of culture Marketplace Manufacturing Bottom of hierarchy? female slaves Why did Egypt & Indus Valley have less slaves than mesopotamia? less war Women were defined by their `x` x: relationship to a man Why did civilization bring inequality between genders? plows require strength animals far from home men get money warfare done by men inheritance based on men Female gods were `action` as men became dominant. action: demoted In Egypt, women could still `a` and `b` a: own land b: have slaves