[Greeks] `person` believed particles could not be divided past a certain point and called these indivisible particles `name`. person: Democritus name: atomos [Greeks] `person` believed matter was infinitely divisible & discredited atomos, saying that Air, Earth, Fire, Water made up the world instead. He called his matter `name`. person: Aristotle name: Hyle 1774: Antoine Lavoisier makes the law of `name` by burning things. name: conservation of mass Law of conservation of mass: matter cannot be created or destroyed 1779: Joseph Proust makes law of `name` name: definite proportions Law of definite proportions: All samples of a pure compound `do` by mass. Particles of the same element are the same no matter where they come from. do: contain the same elements in the same proportions Law of multiple proportions: Elements combine in `a` ratios a: whole number 1803: John Dalton makes Dalton's Atomic Theory (billiard ball model) with these postulates: all matter is made of atoms all atoms of an element are identical atoms can't be divided, created, or destroyed atoms combine to create chemical compounds in chemical reactions atoms rearrange Thomson used `experiment` to discover `thing` & measure mass/charge ratio. experiment: cathode ray tube thing: electron Robert Millikan did the `experiment` to determine charge of electron (and mass through Thompson). experiment: oil drop Thompson came up with `name` model of atom, because atoms are neutral but electrons are negative, so atom must have positive name: plum pudding Ernest Rutherford found out that elements have a dense nucleus and lots of empty space in `experiment` experiment by shooting `thing` at gold foil. experiment: gold foil thing: alpha particles Dmitri Mendeleev made first modern periodic table, but sorted by `thing`, used it to predict elements thing: mass Henry Mosely used `technology` to find fixed positive charge increase between elements, created `thing`, reorganized by it technology: x-ray spectra thing: atomic number Neils Bohr analyzed wavelengths of light in element, discovered electrons go in `path` with `system` path: orbits system: energy levels Rutherford (later) made slits in one side of cathode ray tube and discovered `thing` thing: proton James Chadwick discovered `thing` with `property` and mass of proton by weighing helium atom thing: neutron property: no charge Top number in isotopic notation? mass number Bottom number in isotopic notation? atomic number proton relative mass 1 electron relative mass 0 neutron relative mass 1 proton charge unit +1 electron charge unit -1 neutron charge unit 0 what mass spectrometer uses to seperate beam of atoms magnet spectrometer produces bar graph of what? isotopes