What lead to dark/middle ages? decline of rome Feudalism: king gives `thing` (`meaning`) to lords in exchange for `thing2`, lords give thing to `group` in exchange for them to be `thing3`, lords also gave thing to peasants, who `did` thing: fiefs meaning: land thing2: army group: vassals thing3: knights did: farmed land Large, self sufficient estate system? manorialism Peasants tied to the land, give crops they grow to the owner in exchange for land to farm, children also serve? serfdom German(ish) empire named `name`, ruled by `name2` which are `what`? name: holy roman empire name2: princes what: local lords French kings consulted estates-general, which led which groups? clergy nobility commoners Clergy and nobility outvoted which group, leading to revolt? commoners England document that requires trial before imprisonment (for nobles, but still revolutionary)? magna carta Parliament formed in England brought rights to? nobles Hundred years war between France & England led to? common nationality Monasteries did what (monasticism, people go to monastery and live life of poverty)? preserve learning Who led crusades? roman catholic church Crusades primary goal? reclaim holy land Crusades relation to primogeniture? get rid of younger sons Crusades relation to trade routes? no islam route System for crop rotation? three field system Whose visit to Middle East stimulated silk roads (in addition to crusades)? Marco Polo Trade brought bourgouise, meaning (e.x. shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople) middle class Jews could charge interest on loans, making them tax collectors, leading to them being? outcast Jews kicked out of West Europe, moved to? eastern europe During Renaissance, `type` languages replaced latin type: vernacular Gutenburg press during Renaissance brought? literacy What cultural feature during renaissance brought power to the governments from the church (focus on individual instead of god)? Humanism Russia had `type` christianity instead of Roman Catholicism, led them to be separate (in addition to Mongols) type: orthodox Black plague led to `thing` instead of serfdom because lack of peasants brought `thing2` for them thing: rent thing2: bargaining power