Major problem in Ottoman Empire at this time?
corruption

Who took land and power from Ottoman?
Russians

How did China feel because of Europeans in 19th century?
humiliated

Which part of Ottoman Empire gained some independence and industrialized more successfully?
Egypt

`thing`: Japan modernizes by studying `subject` to preserve traditional culture from `people` (who forced them to accept trade), overthrew shogun
thing: Meiji Restoration
subject: western technology
people: foreigners