# tealr

A crate to enhance the APIs provided by [mlua](https://crates.io/crates/mlua)

It aims to do this by improving the following:

- Allow the documentation to be built to web pages (using [tealr_doc_gen](https://github.com/lenscas/tealr_doc_gen) )

- Generate definition files describing your API (using [tealr_doc_gen](https://github.com/lenscas/tealr_doc_gen) )

- Allow the api to have easily accessible documentation embedded into it

- To go along with the documentation, `tealr` also allow you to be more precise in the types your api works with. Think generic methods and typed lambdas.

- macro's to make new types easier to create. No more `mlua::Value`!

- Add macros to make it easier to work with teal, a statically typed dialect of
  lua.

It does this by adding new traits and replacing/extending the existing ones from [mlua](https://crates.io/crates/mlua). As a result, the api that tealr exposes is as similar as the api from mlua as possible.

## Example of `instance.help()`

The library shown is <https://github.com/lenscas/tealsql>

![<https://github.com/lenscas/tealr/tree/master/tealr/images/help_example.gif>](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lenscas/tealr/master/images/help_example.gif)

## html rendered documentation

Rendered html is also available at <https://lenscas.github.io/tealsql/>

## Expose a value to lua/teal

Exposing types to lua as userdata is almost the same using tealr as it is using mlua

#### Mlua:

```rust ignore
use tealr::ToTypename;
#[derive(Clone, tealr::mlu::UserData, ToTypename)]
struct ExampleMlua {}
impl FromLua for ExampleMlua {
    fn from_lua(value: mlua::prelude::LuaValue, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        value
            .as_userdata()
            .map(|x| x.take())
            .unwrap_or(Err(mlua::Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "Example",
                message: None,
            }))
    }
}

impl tealr::mlu::TealData for ExampleMlua {
    //implement your methods/functions
    fn add_methods<T: tealr::mlu::TealDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut T) {
        methods.document_type("This is documentation added to the type itself.");
        methods.document("This documentation gets added to the exposed function bellow.");
        methods.add_method("example_method", |_, _, x: i8| Ok(x));
        methods.add_method_mut("example_method_mut", |_, _, x: (i8, String)| Ok(x.1));
        methods.add_function("example_function", |_, x: Vec<String>| Ok((x, 8)));
        methods.document("***You*** can also embed markdown to the documentation, which gets picked up by [tealr_doc_gen](https://github.com/lenscas/type_generator)`");
        methods.document("It is also possible to use this function multiple times. These are added as paragraphs.");
        methods.add_function_mut("example_function_mut", |_, x: (bool, Option<ExampleMlua>)| {
            Ok(x)
        });
        ///This creates the instance.help() function, which returns the documentation as a string.
        methods.generate_help();
    }
}
```

## Replacing lua::Value with better type information

Though it is perfectly possible to use the `lua::Value` from `mlua` it isn't the most descriptive type wise. Using it will hurt your documentation as a result.

To help avoid `lua::Value` tealr comes with new types and macros that help you define your API better type wise.

- [Simple Unions](#simple-unions)
- [Typed Function](#typed-functions)
- [Generics](#generics)

### Simple unions:

These allow you to easily create a type that is only one of the types you give.

```rust ignore
use tealr::{
    create_union_mlua,
};
create_union_mlua!(enum YourTypeName = i32 | String);
```

### Typed functions:

Though the normal function type from mlua is perfectly useable it doesn't contain contain any type information. To help add more type information to your api tealr comes with its own version of this function type that contains type information.

```rust ignore
use tealr::{
    mlu::{
        mlua::Lua,
        TypedFunction
    },
}

let lua = mlua::Lua::new();
let add_1 = TypedFunction::<u8, u8>::from_rust(|_lua, x| Ok(x + 1), &lua)?;

assert_eq!(add_1.call(2)?, 3);

```

### Generics

To go along with typed functions, tealr also comes with a way to mimic generics. Though they at first glance will just look like another way to use `lua::Value` due to not being able to put bounds on the generic, they are still very useful to properly model how input and output rely on each other.

In the following example we take a generic function and call it, returning whatever it returned back to lua. Thanks to the use of generics, it i clear that the return type of the method is equal to the return type of the lambda. If `lua::Value` was used instead this was not clear.

```rust ignore
use mlua::IntoLua;
use tealr::{
    create_generic_mlua,
    mlu::{mlua::FromLua, TealData, TealDataMethods, TypedFunction,UserData},
    ToTypename, TypeWalker,
};

create_generic_mlua!(X);

#[derive(Clone, UserData, ToTypename)]
struct Example {}

impl TealData for Example {
    fn add_methods<T: TealDataMethods<Self>>(methods: &mut T) {
        methods.add_method(
            "generic_function_callback",
            |lua, _, fun: TypedFunction<String, X>| {
                fun.call("A nice string!".to_string())
            },
        );
    }
}

impl FromLua for Example {
    fn from_lua(value: mlua::prelude::LuaValue, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        value
            .as_userdata()
            .map(|x| x.take())
            .unwrap_or(Err(mlua::Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "Example",
                message: None,
            }))
    }
}


```

## Teal integration

The [teal](https://github.com/teal-language/tl) language is a statically typed variant of lua and can even be made to run in the lua vm without compiling to lua first.

As a result of this and `tealr`'s focus on enabling a richer typed api causes the 2 projects to work well together. However, to further help bind the 2 projects, `tealr` contains some extra helpers for those that want to use teal.

### Compile inline teal code into lua

Mlua allow you to run lua code embedded in your application.

Similarly, tealr allows you to compile embedded teal code to lua while compiling your application. This can then be executed by mlua.

This means that you can make use of teal's static type system even for small scripts inside your rust codebase.

```rust
use tealr::compile_inline_teal;
let code = compile_inline_teal!("local x : number = 5 return x");
```

## Embed the teal compiler

Teal makes it possible for the lua vm to load teal files as if they are normal lua files.

Tealr makes doing this from withing rust a bit easier, by exposing a macro that can embed the teal compiler in your application and create a function that creates the needed lua code to set the VM up. This function takes a string, which is the file that needs to get required.

```rust no_run
use tealr::embed_compiler;
let compiler = embed_compiler!("v0.13.1");

{
    let code = compiler("example/basic_teal_file");
    let lua = tealr::mlu::mlua::Lua::new();
    let res: u8 = lua.load(&code).set_name("embedded_compiler").eval()?;
};
Ok::<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>(())
```

There are a few sources tealr can use to get the compiler. If no source is specified it defaults to github releases.
Other sources can be specified as follows:

```rust ignore
//get the teal compiler using the given path
embed_compiler!(Local(path = "some/path/to/tl.tl"));
//this uses luarocks to try and discover the location of the compiler
embed_compiler!(Local());
//download the compiler at compile time from github (default)
embed_compiler!(GitHub(version = "v0.13.1"));
//download the compiler at compile time from luarocks
embed_compiler!(Luarocks(version = "v0.13.1"));
```

You can find longer ones with comments on what each call does [here](https://github.com/lenscas/tealr/tree/master/examples)