/*
 * qdist.c - QEMU helpers for handling frequency distributions of data.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016, Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
 *
 * License: GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
 *   See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 */
#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "qemu/qdist.h"

#include <math.h>
#ifndef NAN
#define NAN (0.0 / 0.0)
#endif

#define QDIST_EMPTY_STR "(empty)"

void qdist_init(struct qdist *dist)
{
    dist->entries = g_new(struct qdist_entry, 1);
    dist->size = 1;
    dist->n = 0;
}

void qdist_destroy(struct qdist *dist)
{
    g_free(dist->entries);
}

static inline int qdist_cmp_double(double a, double b)
{
    if (a > b) {
        return 1;
    } else if (a < b) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int qdist_cmp(const void *ap, const void *bp)
{
    const struct qdist_entry *a = ap;
    const struct qdist_entry *b = bp;

    return qdist_cmp_double(a->x, b->x);
}

void qdist_add(struct qdist *dist, double x, long count)
{
    struct qdist_entry *entry = NULL;

    if (dist->n) {
        struct qdist_entry e;

        e.x = x;
        entry = bsearch(&e, dist->entries, dist->n, sizeof(e), qdist_cmp);
    }

    if (entry) {
        entry->count += count;
        return;
    }

    if (unlikely(dist->n == dist->size)) {
        dist->size *= 2;
        dist->entries = g_renew(struct qdist_entry, dist->entries, dist->size);
    }
    dist->n++;
    entry = &dist->entries[dist->n - 1];
    entry->x = x;
    entry->count = count;
    qsort(dist->entries, dist->n, sizeof(*entry), qdist_cmp);
}

void qdist_inc(struct qdist *dist, double x)
{
    qdist_add(dist, x, 1);
}

/*
 * Bin the distribution in @from into @n bins of consecutive, non-overlapping
 * intervals, copying the result to @to.
 *
 * This function is internal to qdist: only this file and test code should
 * ever call it.
 *
 * Note: calling this function on an already-binned qdist is a bug.
 *
 * If @n == 0 or @from->n == 1, use @from->n.
 */
void qdist_bin__internal(struct qdist *to, const struct qdist *from, size_t n)
{
    double xmin, xmax;
    double step;
    size_t i, j;

    qdist_init(to);

    if (from->n == 0) {
        return;
    }
    if (n == 0 || from->n == 1) {
        n = from->n;
    }

    /* set equally-sized bins between @from's left and right */
    xmin = qdist_xmin(from);
    xmax = qdist_xmax(from);
    step = (xmax - xmin) / n;

    if (n == from->n) {
        /* if @from's entries are equally spaced, no need to re-bin */
        for (i = 0; i < from->n; i++) {
            if (from->entries[i].x != xmin + i * step) {
                goto rebin;
            }
        }
        /* they're equally spaced, so copy the dist and bail out */
        to->entries = g_renew(struct qdist_entry, to->entries, n);
        to->n = from->n;
        memcpy(to->entries, from->entries, sizeof(*to->entries) * to->n);
        return;
    }

 rebin:
    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        double x;
        double left, right;

        left = xmin + i * step;
        right = xmin + (i + 1) * step;

        /* Add x, even if it might not get any counts later */
        x = left;
        qdist_add(to, x, 0);

        /*
         * To avoid double-counting we capture [left, right) ranges, except for
         * the righmost bin, which captures a [left, right] range.
         */
        while (j < from->n && (from->entries[j].x < right || i == n - 1)) {
            struct qdist_entry *o = &from->entries[j];

            qdist_add(to, x, o->count);
            j++;
        }
    }
}

static inline double qdist_x(const struct qdist *dist, int index)
{
    if (dist->n == 0) {
        return NAN;
    }
    return dist->entries[index].x;
}

double qdist_xmin(const struct qdist *dist)
{
    return qdist_x(dist, 0);
}

double qdist_xmax(const struct qdist *dist)
{
    return qdist_x(dist, dist->n - 1);
}

size_t qdist_unique_entries(const struct qdist *dist)
{
    return dist->n;
}

unsigned long qdist_sample_count(const struct qdist *dist)
{
    unsigned long count = 0;
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < dist->n; i++) {
        struct qdist_entry *e = &dist->entries[i];

        count += e->count;
    }
    return count;
}

static double qdist_pairwise_avg(const struct qdist *dist, size_t index,
                                 size_t n, unsigned long count)
{
    /* amortize the recursion by using a base case > 2 */
    if (n <= 8) {
        size_t i;
        double ret = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            struct qdist_entry *e = &dist->entries[index + i];

            ret += e->x * e->count / count;
        }
        return ret;
    } else {
        size_t n2 = n / 2;

        return qdist_pairwise_avg(dist, index, n2, count) +
               qdist_pairwise_avg(dist, index + n2, n - n2, count);
    }
}

double qdist_avg(const struct qdist *dist)
{
    unsigned long count;

    count = qdist_sample_count(dist);
    if (!count) {
        return NAN;
    }
    return qdist_pairwise_avg(dist, 0, dist->n, count);
}