NDS - Noras Detached Shell 🚀

✨ Features

• 🎯 Simple Session Management: Create, detach, and reattach shell sessions with ease
• 🪶 Lightweight: < 1MB single binary with zero configuration required
• ⚡ Fast: Written in Rust for maximum performance
• 🎨 User-Friendly: Intuitive commands with partial ID and name matching
• 🖥️ Interactive Mode: Sleek TUI session picker with real-time status
• 📝 Session History: Track all session events with persistent history
• 🧹 Auto-Cleanup: Automatic cleanup of dead sessions
• 🔄 Session Switching: Simple attach/detach without complex multiplexing
• 🏷️ Named Sessions: Give meaningful names to your sessions
• 🐧 Cross-Platform: Works on Linux and macOS

🎯 Philosophy

NDS transforms your normal shell into a detachable, persistent session without changing how you work. No panes, no tabs, no complex layouts - just your shell, but better. When you need splits or tabs, your terminal emulator already handles that perfectly. NDS does one thing exceptionally well: making any shell session detachable and persistent.

📦 Installation

Using Cargo

cargo install detached-shell

From Source

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/NorasTech/detached-shell.git
cd detached-shell

# Build and install (recommended)
./scripts/install.sh

# Or manually
cargo build --release
sudo cp target/release/nds /usr/local/bin/

🚀 Quick Start

# Create a new session
nds new

# List sessions
nds list

# Attach to a session
nds attach abc123

# Detach from current session
# Press Enter, then ~d (like SSH's escape sequences)

📖 Usage

Creating Sessions

# Create and attach to a new session
nds new

# Create a named session
nds new "project-dev"

# Create without attaching
nds new --no-attach

Managing Sessions

# List all active sessions
nds list
nds ls

# Interactive session picker with TUI
nds interactive  # or just 'nds' for short

# Attach to a session (supports partial ID and name matching)
nds attach abc123
nds attach project-dev  # attach by name
nds a abc  # partial ID works
nds a proj  # partial name works

# Kill sessions (supports ID and name)
nds kill abc123
nds kill project-dev  # kill by name
nds kill abc def ghi  # kill multiple sessions

# Clean up dead sessions
nds clean

Session Information

# Get detailed info about a session (supports ID and name)
nds info abc123
nds info project-dev  # info by name

# Rename a session (supports ID and name)
nds rename abc123 "new-name"
nds rename project-dev "production"  # rename by current name

# View session history
nds history              # Active sessions only
nds history --all        # Include archived sessions
nds history -s abc123    # History for specific session

Keyboard Shortcuts (Inside Session)

• Enter, ~d - Detach from current session (like SSH's ~. sequence)
• Ctrl+D - Detach from current session (when at empty prompt)
• Enter, ~s - Switch to another session interactively

🏗️ Architecture

NDS uses a simple and robust architecture:

• PTY Management: Each session runs in its own pseudo-terminal
• Unix Sockets: Communication via Unix domain sockets (0600 permissions)
• JSON Metadata: Session info stored in ~/.nds/sessions/
• Per-Session History: History stored in ~/.nds/history/
• Zero Dependencies: Minimal external dependencies for reliability
• Async I/O Support: Optional async runtime with Tokio for high concurrency
• Optimized Buffers: 16KB buffers for 4x throughput improvement

Directory Structure

~/.nds/
├── sessions/       # Session metadata (JSON)
├── sockets/        # Unix domain sockets (0600 permissions)
└── history/        # Session history
    ├── active/     # Currently running sessions
    └── archived/   # Terminated sessions

🔐 Security

NDS implements multiple security layers to protect your sessions:

Session Isolation

• Unix Socket Permissions: All sockets created with 0600 (owner read/write only)
• Session Umask: Sessions run with umask 0077 for restrictive file creation
• Process Isolation: Each session runs in its own process with separate PTY

Input Validation

• Command Whitelisting: Only safe NDS control commands allowed (resize, detach, attach, etc.)
• Input Sanitization: Control characters and potentially harmful inputs are filtered
• Buffer Limits: Maximum 8KB command length and 10 arguments to prevent overflow
• Numeric Bounds: Terminal dimensions limited to 1-9999 to prevent resource exhaustion

Important Note

NDS is a terminal multiplexer, not a sandbox. Shell commands within sessions are not restricted - you have full access to your shell just as you would in a normal terminal. The security measures protect the NDS control plane and session management, not the shell commands you run inside sessions.

⚡ Performance

NDS is optimized for speed and efficiency:

Buffer Optimization

• 16KB I/O Buffers: 4x throughput improvement over standard 4KB buffers
• 2MB Scrollback Buffer: Increased from 1MB for better history retention
• Benchmarked: 25+ GB/s throughput in buffer operations

Async I/O (Optional)

Enable async features for high-concurrency scenarios:

# Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
detached-shell = { version = "0.1", features = ["async"] }

With async enabled:

• Non-blocking socket operations
• Concurrent session management with Arc<RwLock>
• Tokio runtime for scalable I/O

🔧 Configuration

NDS works out of the box with zero configuration. However, you can customize:

Environment Variables

# Change default shell (default: $SHELL or /bin/sh)
export NDS_SHELL=/bin/zsh

# Session identification (automatically set inside sessions)
NDS_SESSION_ID      # Current session ID when attached
NDS_SESSION_NAME    # Current session name (if set)

# Change detach key binding (coming soon)
export NDS_DETACH_KEY="ctrl-a d"

🤝 Contributing

We love contributions! Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

Development Setup

# Clone the repo
git clone https://github.com/NorasTech/detached-shell.git
cd detached-shell

# Run tests
cargo test

# Run with debug logs
RUST_LOG=debug cargo run -- list

# Quick rebuild and test
./scripts/dev.sh quick

Running Tests

# Run all tests (55+ unit and integration tests)
cargo test

# Run with all features including async
cargo test --all-features

# Run specific test categories
cargo test --test security_test     # Security tests
cargo test --test session_lifecycle  # Integration tests

# Run with coverage
cargo tarpaulin --out Html

# Run performance benchmarks
cargo run --release --bin buffer_benchmark

🚧 Project Status

Alpha Release - NDS is in active development. Core functionality is stable, but expect breaking changes.

📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

🙏 Acknowledgments

• Inspired by GNU Screen and tmux
• Built with Rust 🦀
• Terminal handling via libc

🐛 Troubleshooting

Session not found after reboot

Sessions don't persist across system reboots by design. Use nds history --all to see past sessions.

Permission denied errors

Ensure ~/.nds/ directory has proper permissions:

chmod 700 ~/.nds
chmod 700 ~/.nds/sockets

Can't detach from session

Make sure you're using the correct key sequence: press Enter first, then ~d (similar to SSH's escape sequences).

Half screen or duplicated lines after attaching

If you see only part of a full-screen app (like htop) or repeated prompt lines after reattaching, upgrade to the latest NDS build. Earlier versions flipped the client socket to non-blocking mode before replaying buffered output, dropping large frames and queuing failures. Recent releases send the backlog while still blocking, then queue any partial writes so slow terminals catch up cleanly.

📮 Support

• 🐛 Report bugs
• 💡 Request features
• 💬 Discussions