legalis-ca

Canada / Le Canada - Legal System Support for Legalis-RS

Version 0.1.3 - Charter of Rights, Federal/Provincial Law, Quebec Civil Law

Overview / Aperçu

legalis-ca provides comprehensive support for the Canadian legal system within the Legalis-RS framework. Canada has a unique bijural system with common law in most provinces and civil law in Quebec.

Canadian Legal System / Système juridique canadien

The Canadian legal system is characterized by:

• Bijural system - Common law (9 provinces + 3 territories) and Civil law (Quebec)
• Federal structure - Division of powers between federal and provincial governments
• Constitutional supremacy - Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)
• Bilingual - English and French as official languages
• Indigenous rights - Section 35 recognition of Aboriginal and treaty rights

Comparison with Other Legal Systems

Implemented Features / Fonctionnalités implémentées

✅ Constitution / La Constitution

Constitution Act, 1867 and Constitution Act, 1982

• ✅ Division of powers (ss 91-92)
• ✅ Charter of Rights and Freedoms
  • Fundamental freedoms (s 2)
  • Democratic rights (ss 3-5)
  • Mobility rights (s 6)
  • Legal rights (ss 7-14)
  • Equality rights (s 15)
  • Language rights (ss 16-23)
• ✅ Section 1 limitations (Oakes test)
• ✅ Section 33 notwithstanding clause
• ✅ Section 35 Aboriginal rights

use legalis_ca::constitution::{CharterRight, validate_charter_claim, OakesTest};

let claim = CharterClaim::new()
    .right(CharterRight::FreedomOfExpression) // s 2(b)
    .claimant("Individual")
    .government_action("Legislation restricting speech")
    .build()?;

// Apply section 1 analysis (Oakes test)
let oakes = OakesTest::new()
    .pressing_objective(true)
    .rational_connection(true)
    .minimal_impairment(false) // Fails here
    .proportionality(true)
    .build()?;

assert!(!oakes.is_justified());

✅ Contract Law / Droit des contrats

Common law contracts (and Quebec Civil Code)

• ✅ Formation (offer, acceptance, consideration)
• ✅ Interpretation principles
• ✅ Breach and remedies
• ✅ Quebec: Civil Code of Quebec (CCQ) Book 5

use legalis_ca::contract::{Contract, Jurisdiction};

let contract = Contract::new()
    .jurisdiction(Jurisdiction::Ontario) // Common law
    .parties(vec!["Party A", "Party B"])
    .consideration(50_000.00)
    .build()?;

// For Quebec (civil law)
let quebec_contract = Contract::new()
    .jurisdiction(Jurisdiction::Quebec) // Civil law (CCQ)
    .parties(vec!["Partie A", "Partie B"])
    .cause("Lawful cause") // Quebec uses "cause" not "consideration"
    .build()?;

✅ Employment Law / Droit du travail

Federal and provincial employment standards

• ✅ Canada Labour Code (federal employees)
• ✅ Provincial employment standards
• ✅ Common law reasonable notice
• ✅ Wrongful dismissal
• ✅ Human rights protections

use legalis_ca::employment::{EmploymentContract, Termination};

let termination = Termination::new()
    .employee_tenure_years(10)
    .position("Manager")
    .age(55)
    .build()?;

// Calculate reasonable notice (Bardal factors)
let notice_months = termination.calculate_reasonable_notice()?;
// Considers: length of service, age, position, availability of similar employment

✅ Corporate Law / Droit des sociétés

Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) and provincial equivalents

• ✅ Corporation types (federal vs provincial)
• ✅ Directors' duties (fiduciary, care)
• ✅ Shareholder remedies (oppression, derivative)
• ✅ Unanimous shareholder agreements

✅ Criminal Law / Droit pénal

Criminal Code of Canada (federal jurisdiction)

• ✅ Offence classifications (summary, indictable, hybrid)
• ✅ Charter protections in criminal matters
• ✅ Sentencing principles

✅ Tort Law / Responsabilité civile

• ✅ Negligence (common law provinces)
• ✅ Quebec civil liability (CCQ arts 1457-1481)
• ✅ Defamation

✅ Family Law / Droit de la famille

• ✅ Divorce Act (federal)
• ✅ Provincial family property regimes
• ✅ Child support guidelines
• ✅ Quebec: Family Patrimony

✅ Property Law / Droit des biens

• ✅ Land titles (Torrens) vs registry systems
• ✅ Indigenous land rights
• ✅ Quebec: real rights (CCQ)

📊 Current Implementation Status

Version 0.1.3 Statistics:

• ✅ Modules: 11 modules (constitution, contract, corporate, criminal, employment, family, property, tort, common, reasoning)
• ✅ Charter Analysis: Full section 1 (Oakes test) implementation
• ✅ Bijural Support: Common law and Quebec civil law
• ✅ Bilingual: English and French support

Dependencies / Dépendances

• legalis-core - Core types and traits
• legalis-i18n - Internationalization support
• legalis-verifier - Validation framework
• legalis-sim - Simulation support
• chrono - Date/time handling
• serde - Serialization
• thiserror - Error handling

License / Licence

MIT OR Apache-2.0

Related Links / Liens connexes

• Justice Laws Website / Site Web de la législation
• Supreme Court of Canada / Cour suprême du Canada
• CanLII
• GitHub: cool-japan/legalis