Netabase

A peer-to-peer networking layer built on libp2p with integrated type-safe storage, enabling distributed applications with automatic data synchronization across native and WASM environments.

This crate is still in early development and will change frequently as it stabalises. It is not advised to use this in a production environment until it stabalises.

Roadmap

Version 1.0

• Complete WASM support (WebRTC, IndexedDB)
• Connection profiles (local/global/hybrid modes)
• Data synchronization with conflict resolution
• Relay support for NAT traversal
• Advanced query API
• Metrics and monitoring
• Migration tools

Paxos Consensus Integration

Netabase has begun integrating paxakos for distributed consensus. Implementation roadmap:

Phase 1: Core Trait Implementation

• Implement LogEntry trait for netabase_store definitions

  • Add id() method returning unique identifier for each entry
  • Ensure serialization compatibility with bincode
  • Update NetabaseDefinitionTrait to require LogEntry bound

• Create State implementation for distributed state management

  • apply(&mut self, entry: &LogEntry) - process entries and update state
  • freeze(&self) - create immutable snapshot of current state
  • cluster_at(&self, round: RoundNum) - return cluster membership at round
  • concurrency(&self) - return parallelism level for round processing

• Implement NodeInfo trait for peer identification

  • Define node identity compatible with libp2p PeerId
  • Add serialization for network transmission
  • Integrate with existing peer discovery mechanisms

Phase 2: libp2p Communicator

• Create PaxosComm unificator for libp2p integration

  • Implement Communicator trait with 12 associated types:
    • Node, RoundNum, CoordNum, LogEntry, Error
    • Future types: SendPrepare, SendProposal, SendCommit, SendCommitById
    • Vote metadata: Abstain, Yea, Nay
  • Implement 4 required message-sending methods:
    • send_prepare(coord, round, receivers) - broadcast prepare messages
    • send_proposal(coord, round, entry, receivers) - propose log entry
    • send_commit(coord, round, entry, receivers) - commit with full entry
    • send_commit_by_id(coord, round, entry_id, receivers) - commit by ID only

• Create custom libp2p protocol handler (/paxos/1.0.0)

  • Define request/response message types using serde
  • Integrate with libp2p's request_response behavior
  • Handle protocol message routing through swarm
  • Implement timeout and retry logic

• Add PaxosBehaviour to libp2p swarm

  • Create behavior struct wrapping paxakos Node
  • Implement NetworkBehaviour trait
  • Handle protocol events and route to paxakos
  • Integrate with existing Kademlia and Identify behaviors

Phase 3: Node Lifecycle Integration

• Integrate paxakos node with netabase lifecycle

  • Initialize paxakos Node in start_swarm()
  • Use NodeBuilder with custom Communicator and State
  • Handle graceful shutdown in stop_swarm()
  • Expose node handle through netabase API

• Implement consensus-backed operations

  • put_record_consensus(&mut self, record: D) - append via paxakos
  • Handle Commit<S, R, P> futures and apply outcomes
  • Propagate consensus results through event system
  • Provide fallback to DHT for non-consensus operations

Phase 4: Optional Features & Optimizations

• Add paxakos decorations

  • heartbeats - node liveness monitoring
  • autofill - automatic log gap filling
  • catch-up - synchronize lagging nodes
  • master-leases - optimize read-only operations

• Implement cluster management

  • Dynamic cluster membership changes
  • Node addition/removal protocols
  • Quorum reconfiguration

• Performance optimization

  • Batch log entry applications
  • Concurrent round processing
  • Message compression and deduplication

Phase 5: Testing & Documentation

• Comprehensive testing

  • Multi-node consensus tests with nextest
  • Network partition tolerance tests
  • Leader election and failover tests
  • Performance benchmarks with criterion

• Documentation & examples

  • Paxos API documentation
  • Consensus vs DHT operation guide
  • Example: distributed counter with strong consistency
  • Example: replicated state machine

Implementation Notes

Key Design Decisions:

• Paxos consensus optional via paxos feature flag (native-only)
• Coexists with existing DHT-based operations (eventual consistency)
• Users choose consistency model per operation
• WebRTC/WASM compatibility requires alternative consensus (Paxos uses threading)

Dependencies:

• paxakos = "0.13.0" (already added to netabase_store)
• libp2p request-response protocol for message transport
• Separate feature flag to avoid WASM compilation issues

Features

Current Features

• P2P Networking:

  • Built on libp2p for robust peer-to-peer communication
  • mDNS for automatic local peer discovery
  • Kademlia DHT for distributed record storage and discovery
  • Identify protocol for peer information exchange
  • Connection limits and management

• Cross-Platform Support:

  • Native (TCP, QUIC, mDNS)
  • WASM (WebRTC, WebSocket) - coming soon
  • Unified API across platforms

• Integrated Storage:

  • Built on netabase_store for type-safe data management
  • Multiple backend support (Sled, Redb)
  • Automatic data persistence with secondary key indexing
  • libp2p RecordStore integration

• Record Distribution:

  • Publish records to the DHT network
  • Query records from remote peers
  • Automatic record replication
  • Provider advertisement and discovery

• Type-Safe Operations:

  • Compile-time verification of network operations
  • Schema-based data models with macros
  • Type-safe record keys and queries

• Event System:

  • Broadcast channels for network events
  • Multiple concurrent subscribers
  • Real-time peer discovery notifications
  • Connection and behavior events

Installation

Add to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
netabase = "0.0.3"
netabase_store = "0.0.3"
netabase_deps = "0.0.3"

# Required for macros to work
bincode = { version = "2.0", features = ["serde"] }
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
strum = { version = "0.27.2", features = ["derive"] }
derive_more = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["from", "try_into", "into"] }

# Runtime dependencies
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
anyhow = "1.0"

Quick Start

1. Define Your Data Model

use netabase_store::netabase_definition_module;

#[netabase_definition_module(ChatDefinition, ChatKeys)]
pub mod chat {
    use netabase_store::{NetabaseModel, netabase};

    #[derive(NetabaseModel, bincode::Encode, bincode::Decode, Clone, Debug)]
    #[netabase(ChatDefinition)]
    pub struct Message {
        #[primary_key]
        pub id: String,
        pub author: String,
        pub content: String,
        pub timestamp: i64,
        #[secondary_key]
        pub room_id: String,
    }
}

use chat::*;

2. Initialize Netabase

use netabase::Netabase;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // Create a netabase instance with persistent storage
    let mut netabase = Netabase::<ChatDefinition>::new_with_path("./chat_db")?;

    // Start the networking swarm
    netabase.start_swarm().await?;

    println!("Netabase started and listening for peers!");

    Ok(())
}

3. Store and Publish Records

// Create a message
let message = Message {
    id: "msg_123".to_string(),
    author: "Alice".to_string(),
    content: "Hello, World!".to_string(),
    timestamp: chrono::Utc::now().timestamp(),
    room_id: "general".to_string(),
};

// Store locally and publish to the DHT
let result = netabase.put_record(message).await?;
println!("Message published! Result: {:?}", result);

4. Query Records

// Query a specific record by key
let key = MessageKey::Primary(MessagePrimaryKey("msg_123".to_string()));
let result = netabase.get_record(key).await?;

// Query local records
let local_messages = netabase.query_local_records(Some(10)).await?;
println!("Found {} local messages", local_messages.len());

5. Provider Management

// Advertise as a provider for a key
let key = MessageKey::Primary(MessagePrimaryKey("msg_123".to_string()));
netabase.start_providing(key.clone()).await?;
println!("Now providing this message");

// Find providers for a key
let providers_result = netabase.get_providers(key).await?;
match providers_result {
    libp2p::kad::QueryResult::GetProviders(Ok(get_providers_ok)) => {
        use libp2p::kad::GetProvidersOk;
        match get_providers_ok {
            GetProvidersOk::FoundProviders { providers, .. } => {
                println!("Found {} providers", providers.len());
            }
            GetProvidersOk::FinishedWithNoAdditionalRecord { .. } => {
                println!("No providers found");
            }
        }
    }
    _ => {}
}

6. Listen for Network Events

use netabase::NetabaseSwarmEvent;

// Subscribe to network events
let mut event_receiver = netabase.subscribe_to_broadcasts();

// Spawn a background task to handle events
tokio::spawn(async move {
    while let Ok(event) = event_receiver.recv().await {
        match &event.0 {
            libp2p::swarm::SwarmEvent::ConnectionEstablished { peer_id, .. } => {
                println!("✓ Connected to peer: {}", peer_id);
            }
            libp2p::swarm::SwarmEvent::Behaviour(behaviour_event) => {
                // Handle mDNS, Kad, Identify events
                println!("Behaviour event: {:?}", behaviour_event);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
});

Advanced Usage

Multi-Model Networks

Netabase supports multiple data models in a single network:

#[netabase_definition_module(AppDefinition, AppKeys)]
mod app {
    use super::*;

    #[derive(NetabaseModel, Clone, Debug, bincode::Encode, bincode::Decode, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
    #[netabase(AppDefinition)]
    pub struct User {
        #[primary_key]
        pub id: u64,
        pub username: String,
        #[secondary_key]
        pub email: String,
    }

    #[derive(NetabaseModel, Clone, Debug, bincode::Encode, bincode::Decode, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
    #[netabase(AppDefinition)]
    pub struct Post {
        #[primary_key]
        pub id: u64,
        pub title: String,
        pub author_id: u64,
    }
}

let mut app = Netabase::<AppDefinition>::new_with_path("./app_db")?;
app.start_swarm().await?;

// Each model type is independently managed
app.put_record(user).await?;
app.put_record(post).await?;

Custom Storage Backend

use netabase::network::config::{NetabaseConfig, StorageBackend};

// Use Redb instead of default Sled
let config = NetabaseConfig::with_backend(StorageBackend::Redb);
let netabase = Netabase::<ChatDefinition>::new_with_config(config)?;

// Or specify both path and backend
let netabase = Netabase::<ChatDefinition>::new_with_path_and_backend(
    "./my_db",
    StorageBackend::Redb
)?;

DHT Mode Management

// Get current DHT mode
let mode = netabase.get_mode().await?;
println!("Current mode: {:?}", mode);

// Switch to client mode (read-only, lower resource usage)
netabase.set_mode(Some(libp2p::kad::Mode::Client)).await?;

// Switch to server mode (full participation)
netabase.set_mode(Some(libp2p::kad::Mode::Server)).await?;

Bootstrap and Peer Management

use libp2p::{Multiaddr, PeerId};

// Add a known peer
let peer_id: PeerId = "12D3KooW...".parse()?;
let address: Multiaddr = "/ip4/192.168.1.100/tcp/4001".parse()?;
netabase.add_address(peer_id, address).await?;

// Bootstrap to join the DHT network
let result = netabase.bootstrap().await?;
println!("Bootstrap result: {:?}", result);

// Remove a peer
netabase.remove_peer(peer_id).await?;

Architecture

Components

1. Netabase Struct: Main API entry point

   • Manages lifecycle (start/stop swarm)
   • Provides typed record operations
   • Handles event subscriptions

2. Network Layer (internal):

   • NetabaseBehaviour: libp2p network behaviour
   • NetabaseStore: Unified storage backend for DHT
   • Swarm handlers for command and event processing

3. Storage Layer (netabase_store):

   • Type-safe key-value stores
   • Backend abstraction (Sled/Redb/IndexedDB)
   • Secondary key indexing

4. Event System:

   • Broadcast channels for network events
   • Multiple concurrent subscribers
   • Zero-cost resubscribe

Data Flow

Application
     ↓ put_record()
  Netabase
     ├─→ Command Channel → Swarm Handler
     │                        ↓
     │                   NetabaseStore (local)
     │                        ↓
     │                   Kademlia DHT
     │                        ↓
     │                   Remote Peers
     │
     └─→ Broadcast Channel ← Swarm Events
              ↓
         Event Subscribers

Performance Considerations

• Local-first: All operations start with local storage (fast)
• Async operations: Network operations don't block
• Efficient encoding: Uses bincode for compact serialization
• Channel-based: Non-blocking communication between layers
• Secondary key indexing: O(m) queries where m is matching records

Abstraction Overhead

Netabase builds on netabase_store for its storage layer, which provides excellent type safety and multi-backend support. However, this abstraction does come with some performance overhead (typically 5-10%). For applications where maximum performance is critical and you don't need the networking features, consider using netabase_store directly.

The main overhead sources are:

• Type conversions for DHT record storage
• libp2p's RecordStore trait implementation
• Channel-based async communication between layers

We're actively working to reduce this overhead while maintaining type safety and the clean API.

Future Plans

UniFFI Integration: We're planning to add UniFFI support to enable using netabase from other languages (Python, Kotlin/Swift, etc.):

• Export generated model code to UniFFI
• Create FFI-safe API wrappers for all major operations
• Enable cross-language distributed applications
• Support for callbacks and async operations across language boundaries

This will make it possible to build distributed applications in Python, Swift, or Kotlin that can seamlessly communicate with Rust-based netabase nodes.

P2P Network Profiles: Planned features for easier distributed application development:

• Configurable connection profiles (local-only, DHT-backed, full mesh, etc.)
• Protocol abstraction for easier integration with different transport layers
• Automatic conflict resolution strategies (CRDT-based, last-write-wins, custom)
• Built-in data synchronization patterns

Platform Support

Feature	Native	WASM
TCP	✅	❌
QUIC	✅	❌
mDNS	✅	❌
Kad DHT	✅	🚧
Sled Backend	✅	❌
Redb Backend	✅	❌
IndexedDB	❌	🚧

🚧 = Planned for future release

Examples

See the examples/ directory:

• simple_mdns_chat.rs: Complete chat application using mDNS discovery

  cargo run --example simple_mdns_chat --features native alice
  # In another terminal
  cargo run --example simple_mdns_chat --features native bob
  

Testing

# Run all tests (native)
cargo test --features native

# Run a specific test
cargo test --features native test_name

# Build with release optimizations
cargo build --release --features native

API Reference

Main Methods

• new() - Create with defaults
• new_with_path(path) - Custom database path
• new_with_config(config) - Custom configuration
• start_swarm() - Start networking
• stop_swarm() - Shutdown gracefully
• subscribe_to_broadcasts() - Get event receiver

Record Operations

• put_record(model) - Store and publish
• get_record(key) - Query network
• remove_record(key) - Remove locally
• query_local_records(limit) - Query local store

Provider Operations

• start_providing(key) - Advertise as provider
• stop_providing(key) - Stop advertising
• get_providers(key) - Find providers

Network Management

• bootstrap() - Join DHT network
• add_address(peer_id, addr) - Add peer
• remove_address(peer_id, addr) - Remove address
• remove_peer(peer_id) - Remove peer
• get_mode() - Query DHT mode
• set_mode(mode) - Change DHT mode
• get_protocol_names() - Get protocol info

Testing

Netabase includes a comprehensive test suite to ensure reliability and correctness.

Test Suite Overview

1. Unit Tests: Core functionality tests

   cargo test --lib
   

2. Integration Tests: Multi-node P2P tests using std::process::Command

   # Basic P2P tests
   cargo test --test p2p_integration_tests -- --ignored --test-threads=1
   
   # Advanced DHT tests
   cargo test --test dht_advanced_tests -- --ignored --test-threads=1
   
   # Chat application tests
   cargo test --test chat_integration_tests -- --ignored --test-threads=1
   

3. Build Verification: Ensures examples, doctests, and benchmarks compile

   cargo test --test build_verification
   

4. Network Topology Tests: Inter-process P2P communication tests with various network configurations

   # Run all network topology tests
   cargo test --test network_topology_tests --features native -- --ignored --test-threads=1
   
   # Run specific test
   cargo test --test network_topology_tests test_two_node_basic --features native -- --ignored
   

   Available tests:

   • test_two_node_basic: Simple two-node communication (5 messages)
   • test_two_node_many_messages: Two nodes with 20 messages
   • test_multi_sender_single_receiver: 3 senders, 1 receiver
   • test_message_content_integrity: Verifies message content is preserved

5. WASM Compilation Tests: Verifies WASM target compilation

   cargo test --test wasm_compilation
   

6. Benchmarks: Performance benchmarking

   cargo bench
   

Comprehensive Test Runner

Run all tests systematically using the provided Nushell script:

# Make script executable
chmod +x run_comprehensive_tests.nu

# Run all tests
./run_comprehensive_tests.nu

Test Coverage

The test suite covers:

• ✅ mDNS Peer Discovery: Automatic local network peer discovery
• ✅ DHT Record Operations: Put/get records across nodes
• ✅ Provider Records: Advertising and querying content providers
• ✅ Bootstrap: Joining the DHT network
• ✅ Cross-Node Communication: Message passing between nodes
• ✅ Concurrent Operations: Multiple simultaneous operations
• ✅ Network Scalability: Tests with 2-15 nodes
• ✅ Record Replication: Data distribution across the network
• ✅ Local Storage: Query and persistence operations
• ✅ Event Subscription: Network event broadcasting
• ✅ Build Verification: Examples and doctests compilation
• ✅ Network Topology Tests: Inter-process P2P communication
• ⚠️ WASM Compilation: Currently failing (see WASM Support section)

CI/CD Integration

For continuous integration, use:

# Quick test suite (no integration tests)
cargo test --all-features

# Full test suite including integration tests
cargo test --all-features -- --ignored --test-threads=1

Note: Integration tests use --test-threads=1 to avoid port conflicts when spawning multiple test nodes.

Troubleshooting

Peers Not Discovered

• mDNS only works on local networks
• Check firewall settings
• Ensure both peers are in server mode
• Try adding peers manually with add_address()

Records Not Found

• Bootstrap to join the DHT network first
• Check if you're in client or server mode
• Verify the record was published successfully
• Allow time for DHT propagation

WASM Support

Current Status

WASM support is under active development. The wasm feature exists but requires additional work to fully function.

Known WASM Compilation Issues

The following issues prevent successful WASM compilation and need to be resolved:

1. Storage Backend Abstraction Issue

Problem: The IndexedDBStore and MemoryStore implementations use sled-specific methods (to_ivec() and from_ivec()) that don't exist in the WASM context.

Location:

• netabase_store/src/databases/indexeddb_store.rs:204
• netabase_store/src/databases/memory_store.rs:334, 376, 607

Error:

error[E0599]: no method named `to_ivec` found for type parameter `D`
error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `from_ivec` found for type parameter `D`

Resolution Needed:

• Create a platform-agnostic serialization trait that provides to_vec() and from_vec() for all backends
• Update WASM backends to use the generic serialization methods
• Properly feature-gate sled-specific IVec usage

2. Feature Gating (Resolved)

Previous Issue: Some features were referenced but not properly defined.

Resolution: Feature gating has been fixed:

• sled, redb, and libp2p features are now properly gated
• The ToIVec trait methods are now correctly gated on feature = "sled" instead of feature = "native"
• The RecordStoreExt trait is properly gated on all(feature = "libp2p", not(target_arch = "wasm32"))

WASM TODO List

To complete WASM support, the following tasks must be completed:

• Fix storage backend serialization abstraction (see issue #1 above)
• Fix feature gating for sled, redb, and libp2p features (resolved)
• Properly implement IndexedDB storage backend for WASM
• Test WebRTC transport in WASM environment
• Test WebSocket-WebSys transport
• Test WebTransport-WebSys functionality
• Create WASM-specific examples
• Add browser-based integration tests
• Document browser storage limitations
• Add WASM-specific configuration guide
• Benchmark WASM performance vs native

Testing WASM Compilation

To test WASM compilation:

# Install WASM target
rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

# Attempt to build for WASM
cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --no-default-features --features wasm

# Run WASM-specific tests
cargo test --test wasm_compilation

Workaround for Development

Until WASM support is fully implemented, you can:

1. Use the native feature for desktop/server applications
2. Implement your own browser-specific storage using IndexedDB directly
3. Use a native backend as a bridge for WASM applications
4. Consider using the library in client mode only (no local storage)

Documentation

• Getting Started: Step-by-step tutorial for building your first distributed application
• Architecture: Deep dive into netabase's design and internal architecture
• Macro Guide: Learn what happens behind the scenes with the netabase_definition_module macro

License

This project is licensed under the GPL 3 License.

Related Projects

• netabase_store - Type-safe storage layer
• gdelt_fetcher - GDELT data source integration

Contributing

Contributions welcome! Please ensure:

• Code passes all tests
• New features include tests and documentation
• Follow existing code style