HTTP client for embedded devices

The reqwless crate implements an HTTP client that can be used in no_std environment, with any transport that implements the traits from the embedded-io crate. No alloc or std lib required!

It offers two sets of APIs:

• A low-level request API which allows you to construct HTTP requests and write them to a embedded-io transport.
• A higher level client API which uses the embedded-nal-async (+ optional embedded-tls / esp-mbedtls) crates to establish TCP + TLS connections.

example

let url = format!("http://localhost", addr.port());
let mut client = HttpClient::new(TokioTcp, StaticDns); // Types implementing embedded-nal-async
let mut rx_buf = [0; 4096];
let response = client
    .request(Method::POST, &url)
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .body(b"PING")
    .content_type(ContentType::TextPlain)
    .send(&mut rx_buf)
    .await
    .unwrap();

The client is still lacking many features, but can perform basic HTTP GET/PUT/POST/DELETE requests with payloads. However, not all content types and status codes are implemented, and are added on a need basis. For TLS, it uses either embedded-tls or esp-mbedtls as the transport.

NOTE: TLS verification is not supported in no_std environments for embedded-tls.

If you are missing a feature or would like an improvement, please raise an issue or a PR.

TLS 1.2*, 1.3 and Supported Cipher Suites

reqwless uses embedded-tls or esp-mbedtls to establish secure TLS connections for https://.. urls.

*TLS 1.2 is only supported with esp-mbedtls

:warning: Note that both features cannot be used together and will cause a compilation error.

:warning: The released version of reqwless does not support esp-mbedtls. The reason for this is that esp-mbedtls is not yet published to crates.io. One should specify reqwless as a git dependency to use esp-mbedtls.

esp-mbedtls

Can only be used on esp32 boards esp-mbedtls supports TLS 1.2 and 1.3. It uses espressif's Rust wrapper over mbedtls, alongside optimizations such as hardware acceleration.

To use, you need to enable the transitive dependency of esp-mbedtls for your SoC. Currently, the supported SoCs are:

• esp32
• esp32c3
• esp32s2
• esp32s3

Cargo.toml:

reqwless = { version = "0.12.0", default-features = false, features = ["esp-mbedtls", "log"] }
esp-mbedtls = { git = "https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-mbedtls.git",  features = ["esp32s3"] }

Example

/// ... [initialization code. See esp-wifi]
let state = TcpClientState::<1, 4096, 4096>::new();
let mut tcp_client = TcpClient::new(stack, &state);
let dns_socket = DnsSocket::new(&stack);
let mut rsa = Rsa::new(peripherals.RSA);
let config = TlsConfig::new(
    reqwless::TlsVersion::Tls1_3,
    reqwless::Certificates {
        ca_chain: reqwless::X509::pem(CERT.as_bytes()).ok(),
        ..Default::default()
    },
    Some(&mut rsa), // Will use hardware acceleration
);
let mut client = HttpClient::new_with_tls(&tcp_client, &dns_socket, config);

let mut request = client
    .request(reqwless::request::Method::GET, "https://www.google.com")
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .content_type(reqwless::headers::ContentType::TextPlain)
    .headers(&[("Host", "google.com")])
    .send(&mut buffer)
    .await
    .unwrap();

embedded-tls

embedded-tls only supports TLS 1.3, so to establish a connection the server must have this ssl protocol enabled.

An addition to the tls version requirement, there is also a negotiation of supported algorithms during the establishing phase of the secure communication between the client and server. By default, the set of supported algorithms in embedded-tls is limited to algorithms that can run entirely on the stack. To test whether the server supports this limited set of algorithm, try and test the server using the following openssl command:

openssl s_client -tls1_3 -ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 -sigalgs "ECDSA+SHA256:ECDSA+SHA384:ed25519" -connect hostname:443

If the server successfully replies to the client hello then the enabled tls version and algorithms on the server should be ok. If the command fails, then try and run without the limited set of signature algorithms

openssl s_client -tls1_3 -ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 -connect hostname:443

If this works, then there are two options. Either enable the signature algorithms on the server by changing the private key from RSA to ECDSA or ed25519, or enable RSA keys on the client by specifying the alloc feature. This enables alloc on embedded-tls which in turn enables RSA signature algorithms.

Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV)

reqwless can compile on stable Rust 1.77 and up.