Seams - Lightning-fast detection of natural breaks in dialog-heavy narrative text

Splits large English text corpora into meaningful sentences while preserving narrative flow and dialog structure.

Narrative Sentence Splitting

SEAMS excels at preserving narrative structure where other tools break dialog incorrectly:

Input text:

"Well, you can see him easily enough," said Mr. Hoad. "He's staying in
your village, I believe. He's a nephew of Squire Broderick's."

"What! Captain Forrester?" cried I.

SEAMS output (3 sentences):

1. "Well, you can see him easily enough," said Mr. Hoad.
2. "He's staying in your village, I believe. He's a nephew of Squire Broderick's."
3. "What! Captain Forrester?" cried I.

Other tools break this into 6+ fragments:

• pysbd: Breaks mid-dialog ("He's staying in + your village, I believe.)
• nupunkt: Splits attribution ("What!" + Captain Forrester?" + cried I.)
• Both fragment quotes and lose dialog structure across paragraph breaks

See examples for more cases demonstrating:

• Dialog spanning paragraph separators - Dialog attribution stays connected across paragraph breaks
• Paragraph separators indicating end of never-closed quote - Letter format with implicit quote boundaries

Help break SEAMS!

Found a mis-split in English narrative? Show us!

No currently known mis-splits on 20K Project Gutenberg English texts. Python scripts in exploration/ help search for potential examples.

If you discover a counter-example:

1. Grab the smallest passage that triggers the error
2. Paste it into a new GitHub issue
3. We'll reproduce it, fix it, and add the case to the public test corpus

Dialog-heavy text is where other sentence splitters fail - show us where SEAMS does too.

Benchmarks

Test Corpus: 20,440 Project Gutenberg files (7.4 billion characters, 56 million sentences)
Test System: Intel i9-13900KF (16 cores, 32 threads) running Linux 5.15 WSL2, 32GB RAM

Additional Results: See benchmarks/performance-results.md for results across different systems including macOS ARM64.

For complete benchmark methodology and comparison tools, see benchmarks/ and run python run_comparison.py.

Quick Start

Installation

From crates.io:

cargo install seams

From source:

git clone https://github.com/KnowSeams/KnowSeams.git
cd KnowSeams
cargo install --path .

Basic Usage

Process all Project Gutenberg texts in a directory:

seams /path/to/gutenberg_texts

The tool will:

• Find all *-0.txt files recursively
• Extract sentences with boundary detection
• Write results to *_seams2.txt files alongside originals
• Generate processing statistics in run_stats.json

Usage Examples

Process a Project Gutenberg mirror:

seams ~/gutenberg_mirror

Reprocess all files (ignore existing _seams2.txt outputs):

seams --overwrite-all ~/gutenberg_texts

Run benchmark comparison:

cd benchmarks
uv venv                                    # One-time setup
uv sync                                    # Install dependencies
source .venv/bin/activate                  # Per session
python run_analysis.py ~/gutenberg_texts  # Assumes location of a (likely partial) gutenberg mirror

Debug sentence detection with state transitions:

seams --debug-text 'He said "Hello world!" and left. She replied "Goodbye!" quickly.'

Output shows internal state machine transitions:

0	He said "Hello world!" and left.	(1,1,1,34)	Narrative	DialogDoubleQuote	Continue	 "	IndependentDialog[0]	He said "Hello worl
0	He said "Hello world!" and left.	(1,1,1,34)	DialogDoubleQuote	Narrative	Continue	!" a	DialogSoftEnd	llo world!" and left. S
1	She replied "Goodbye!" quickly.	(1,35,1,67)	Narrative	Narrative	Split	. S	NarrativeSentenceBoundary	" and left. She replied
1	She replied "Goodbye!" quickly.	(1,35,1,67)	Narrative	DialogDoubleQuote	Continue	 "	IndependentDialog[0]	he replied "Goodbye!"
1	She replied "Goodbye!" quickly.	(1,35,1,67)	DialogDoubleQuote	Narrative	Continue	!" q	DialogSoftEnd	 "Goodbye!" quickly.

Output Format

For each input file book-0.txt, seams creates book-0_seams2.txt with:

1	This is the first sentence.	(1,1,1,32)
2	Here is the second sentence.	(1,33,2,15)

Format: index<TAB>sentence<TAB>(start_line,start_col,end_line,end_col)

• Line and column numbers are 1-based
• Sentences are normalized (line breaks removed, whitespace collapsed)
• Span coordinates refer to the original text

Command Reference

seams [OPTIONS] [PATH]

Arguments:
  [PATH]  Directory to scan recursively for *-0.txt files, or single *-0.txt file to process

Options:
      --overwrite-all                   Reprocess all files, even those with complete _seams.txt files
      --fail-fast                       Stop processing immediately on first I/O, UTF-8, or detection error
      --no-progress                     Disable progress bars (useful for automation/CI)
  -q, --quiet                           Suppress all non-error output (implies --no-progress)
      --stats-out <FILE>                Write performance statistics to JSON file [default: run_stats.json]
      --clear-restart-log               Clear the restart log and reprocess all files
      --max-cpus <MAX_CPUS>             Limit processing to specified number of CPUs/threads
      --sentence-length-stats           Calculate and display sentence length statistics
      --debug-seams                     Generate debug TSV files with state transition details
      --debug-text <DEBUG_TEXT>         Debug sentence detection on provided text string
      --debug-stdin                     Debug sentence detection on text from stdin
  -h, --help                            Print help
  -V, --version                         Print version

Performance

• End-to-end throughput: 1176 MB/s multi-threaded (complete pipeline: file discovery, reading, boundary detection, span tracking, normalization, and writing output)
• Sentence detection: 451 MB/s single-threaded (pure boundary detection + line coordinate tracking)
• Single-threaded end-to-end: 90 MB/s (baseline for fair comparison)
• Parallel processing: Uses available CPU cores for file enumeration and sentence splitting
• Memory efficiency: Memory-mapped files for large corpora
• Incremental: Skip already-processed files automatically

Performance scales with available CPU cores and I/O bandwidth. Actual throughput varies by:

• Hardware: CPU cores, storage speed, memory bandwidth

• File characteristics: Size distribution, text complexity

• Workload: Complete pipeline vs. raw boundary detection only

Technical Details

Algorithm: DFA-based boundary detection using regex-automata with narrative-aware heuristics for dialog coalescing.

Performance: 23× faster than nupunkt single-threaded (451 MB/s vs 20 MB/s sentence detection). Multi-threaded end-to-end throughput reaches 1176 MB/s on test system.

Architecture: Two-stage pipeline with bounded parallelism (file enumeration + sentence splitting), async I/O with memory-mapped files.

For detailed design documentation, see SEAMS-Design.md.

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Project Gutenberg for providing the freely available corpus used for testing and benchmarking.