Crates.io | sscanf |
lib.rs | sscanf |
version | 0.4.1 |
source | src |
created_at | 2021-03-10 00:23:50.928379 |
updated_at | 2023-05-20 18:02:20.836574 |
description | A sscanf (inverse of format!()) Macro based on Regex |
homepage | |
repository | https://github.com/mich101mich/sscanf |
max_upload_size | |
id | 366612 |
size | 183,367 |
A Rust crate with a sscanf (inverse of format!()) Macro based on Regex
sscanf
is originally a C-function that takes a string, a format string with placeholders and
several variables (in the Rust version replaced with types). It then parses the input string,
writing the values behind the placeholders into the variables (Rust: returns a tuple). sscanf
can be thought of as reversing a call to format!()
:
// format: takes format string and values, returns String
let msg = format!("Hello {}{}!", "World", 5);
assert_eq!(msg, "Hello World5!");
// sscanf: takes string, format string and types, returns tuple
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(msg, "Hello {}{}!", str, usize);
// parsed is Result<(&str, usize), ...>
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), ("World", 5));
// alternative syntax:
let parsed2 = sscanf::sscanf!(msg, "Hello {str}{usize}!");
assert_eq!(parsed2.unwrap(), ("World", 5));
sscanf!()
takes a format string like format!()
, but doesn't write the values into the
placeholders ({}
), but extracts the values at those {}
into the return tuple.
If matching the format string failed, an Error is returned:
let msg = "Text that doesn't match the format string";
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(msg, "Hello {str}{usize}!");
assert!(matches!(parsed, Err(sscanf::Error::MatchFailed)));
Types in Placeholders:
The types can either be given as a separate parameter after the format string, or directly
inside of the {}
placeholder.
The first allows for autocomplete while typing, syntax highlighting and better compiler errors
generated by sscanf in case that the wrong types are given.
The second imitates the Rust format!() behavior since 1.58.
This option gives worse compiler errors when using stable Rust,
but is otherwise identical to the first option.
More examples of the capabilities of sscanf
:
use sscanf::sscanf;
use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
let input = "<x=3, y=-6, z=6>";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, "<x={i32}, y={i32}, z={i32}>");
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), (3, -6, 6));
let input = "Move to N36E21";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, "Move to {char}{usize}{char}{usize}");
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), ('N', 36, 'E', 21));
let input = "Escape literal { } as {{ and }}";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, "Escape literal {{ }} as {{{{ and }}}}");
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), ());
let input = "Indexing types: N36E21";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, "Indexing types: {1}{0}{1}{0}", NonZeroUsize, char);
// output is in the order of the placeholders
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), ('N', NonZeroUsize::new(36).unwrap(),
'E', NonZeroUsize::new(21).unwrap()));
let input = "A Sentence with Spaces. Another Sentence.";
// str and String do the same, but String clones from the input string
// to take ownership instead of borrowing.
let (a, b) = sscanf!(input, "{String}. {str}.").unwrap();
assert_eq!(a, "A Sentence with Spaces");
assert_eq!(b, "Another Sentence");
// Number format options
let input = "ab01 127 101010 1Z";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, "{usize:x} {i32:o} {u8:b} {u32:r36}");
let (a, b, c, d) = parsed.unwrap();
assert_eq!(a, 0xab01); // Hexadecimal
assert_eq!(b, 0o127); // Octal
assert_eq!(c, 0b101010); // Binary
assert_eq!(d, 71); // any radix (r36 = Radix 36)
assert_eq!(d, u32::from_str_radix("1Z", 36).unwrap());
let input = "color: #D4AF37";
// Number types take their size into account, and hexadecimal u8 can
// have at most 2 digits => only possible match is 2 digits each.
let (r, g, b) = sscanf!(input, "color: #{u8:x}{u8:x}{u8:x}").unwrap();
assert_eq!((r, g, b), (0xD4, 0xAF, 0x37));
The input in this case is a &'static str
, but it can be String
, &str
, &String
, ...
Basically anything with Deref<Target=str>
.
and without taking ownership. See here
for a few examples of possible inputs.
The parsing part of this macro has very few limitations, since it replaces the {}
with a
Regular Expression (regex
) that corresponds to that type.
For example:
char
is just one character (regex "."
)str
is any sequence of characters (regex ".+?"
)"[-+]?\d+"
)And so on. The actual implementation for numbers tries to take the size of the type into account and some other details, but that is the gist of the parsing.
This means that any sequence of replacements is possible as long as the Regex finds a
combination that works. In the char, usize, char, usize
example above it manages to assign
the N
and E
to the char
s because they cannot be matched by the usize
s.
All options are inside '{'
'}'
and after a :
, so either as {<type>:<option>}
or
as {:<option>}
. Note: The type might still have a path that contains ::
. Any double
colons are ignored and only single colons are used to separate the options.
Procedural macro don't have any reliable type info and can only compare types by name. This means
that the number options below only work with a literal type like "i32
", NO Paths ()
or Wrappers (std::i32
) or Aliases (struct Wrapper(i32);
). ONLY type Alias = i32;
i32
,
usize
, u16
, ...
config | description | possible types |
---|---|---|
{:/ <regex> /} |
custom regex | any |
{:x} |
hexadecimal numbers | integers |
{:o} |
octal numbers | integers |
{:b} |
binary numbers | integers |
{:r2} - {:r36} |
radix 2 - radix 36 numbers | integers |
# |
"alternate" form | various types |
Custom Regex:
{:/.../}
: Match according to the Regex
between the /
/
For example:
let input = "random Text";
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(input, "{str:/[^m]+/}{str}");
// regex [^m]+ matches anything that isn't an 'm'
// => stops at the 'm' in 'random'
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), ("rando", "m Text"));
The regex uses the same escaping logic as JavaScripts /.../ syntax
,
meaning that the normal regex escaping with \d
for digits etc. is in effect, with the addition
that any /
need to be escaped as \/
since they are used to end the regex.
NOTE: You should use raw strings for a format string containing a regex, since otherwise you
need to escape any \
as \\
:
use sscanf::sscanf;
let input = "1234";
let parsed = sscanf!(input, r"{u8:/\d{2}/}{u8}"); // regex \d{2} matches 2 digits
let _ = sscanf!(input, "{u8:/\\d{2}/}{u8}"); // the same with a non-raw string
assert_eq!(parsed.unwrap(), (12, 34));
Note: If you use any unescaped ( ) in your regex, you have to prevent them from forming a capture
group by adding a ?:
at the beginning: {:/..(..)../}
becomes {:/..(?:..)../}
. This won't
change their functionality in any way, but is necessary for sscanf
's parsing process to work.
This also means that custom regexes cannot be used on custom types that derive FromScanf
since those rely on having an exact number of capture groups inside of their regex.
Radix Options:
Only work on primitive integer types (u8
, ..., u128
, i8
, ..., i128
, usize
, isize
).
x
: hexadecimal Number (Digits 0-9 and a-f or A-F), optional prefix 0x
or 0X
o
: octal Number (Digits 0-7), optional prefix 0o
or 0O
b
: binary Number (Digits 0-1), optional prefix 0b
or 0B
r2
- r36
: any radix Number (Digits 0-9 and a-z or A-Z for higher radices)Alternate form:
If used alongside a radix option: makes the number require a prefix (0x, 0o, 0b).
A note on prefixes: r2
, r8
and r16
match the same numbers as b
, o
and x
respectively,
but without a prefix. Thus:
{:x}
may have a prefix, matching numbers like 0xab
or ab
{:r16}
has no prefix and would only match ab
{:#x}
must have a prefix, matching only 0xab
{:#r16}
gives a compile errorMore uses for #
may be added in the future. Let me know if you have a suggestion for this.
sscanf
works with most primitive Types from std
as well as String
by default. The
full list can be seen here: Implementations of RegexRepresentation
.
To add more types there are three options:
FromScanf
for your type (recommended)RegexRepresentation
and std::str::FromStr
for your typeRegexRepresentation
and manually implement FromScanf
for your type (highly discouraged)The simplest option is to use derive
:
#[derive(sscanf::FromScanf)]
#[sscanf(format = "#{r:x}{g:x}{b:x}")] // matches '#' followed by 3 hexadecimal u8s
struct Color {
r: u8,
g: u8,
b: u8,
}
let input = "color: #ff00cc";
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(input, "color: {Color}").unwrap();
assert!(matches!(parsed, Color { r: 0xff, g: 0x00, b: 0xcc }));
Also works for enums:
#[derive(sscanf::FromScanf)]
enum HasChanged {
#[sscanf(format = "received {added} additions and {deleted} deletions")]
Yes {
added: usize,
deleted: usize,
},
#[sscanf("has not changed")] // the `format =` part can be omitted
No
}
let input = "Your file has not changed since your last visit!";
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(input, "Your file {HasChanged} since your last visit!").unwrap();
assert!(matches!(parsed, HasChanged::No));
let input = "Your file received 325 additions and 15 deletions since your last visit!";
let parsed = sscanf::sscanf!(input, "Your file {HasChanged} since your last visit!").unwrap();
assert!(matches!(parsed, HasChanged::Yes { added: 325, deleted: 15 }));
More details can be found in the FromScanf
documentation
and the derive
documentation
See Changelog.md
Licensed under either of Apache License, Version 2.0 or MIT license at your option.