MielinOS

A Microkernel-Based Operating System for Distributed AI Agents

MielinOS is a next-generation operating system designed from the ground up for distributed AI agents with neural mesh networking capabilities. Named after the myelin sheath that enables rapid signal transmission in biological neural networks, MielinOS provides the infrastructure for agents to migrate, communicate, and execute across heterogeneous hardware platforms.

Current Status: v0.1.0-rc.1 "Oligodendrocyte" (Released 2026-01-18)

Overview

MielinOS provides a complete platform for building, deploying, and managing distributed AI agent systems:

• Microkernel Architecture: Minimal trusted computing base with capability-based security
• Neural Mesh Networking: Kademlia-based DHT with QUIC transport for agent communication
• Live Agent Migration: Seamless state transfer between nodes with zero downtime
• Hardware Abstraction: Unified interface across Arm, RISC-V, x86, and embedded platforms
• WebAssembly Sandboxing: Portable agent execution with strong isolation guarantees
• Tensor Acceleration: Hardware-aware ML operations with SVE2, AVX512, NPU support

Quick Start

Add MielinOS to your project:

[dependencies]
mielin = "0.1.0-rc.1"

Basic usage:

use mielin::prelude::*;

fn main() {
    // Detect hardware capabilities
    let arch = detect_architecture();
    println!("Running on: {:?}", arch);

    // Create an agent
    let agent_id = AgentId::new();
    println!("Agent ID: {}", agent_id);

    // Access tensor operations
    let tensor = Tensor::zeros(&[2, 3]);
    println!("Tensor shape: {:?}", tensor.shape());
}

Crate Organization

MielinOS is organized as a workspace with specialized crates:

Crate	Description	crates.io
mielin	Meta crate re-exporting all components
mielin-kernel	Microkernel with capability-based IPC
mielin-hal	Hardware Abstraction Layer
mielin-rt	Embedded runtime for IoT devices
mielin-mesh-core	Distributed hash table and routing
mielin-mesh-wire	QUIC-based wire protocol
mielin-cells	Agent SDK and lifecycle management
mielin-wasm	WebAssembly runtime integration
mielin-tensor	Tensor operations with hardware acceleration
mielin-cli	Command-line interface

Using Individual Crates

You can depend on specific crates instead of the meta crate:

[dependencies]
mielin-hal = "0.1.0-rc.1"      # Hardware abstraction only
mielin-tensor = "0.1.0-rc.1"   # Tensor operations only
mielin-cells = "0.1.0-rc.1"    # Agent SDK only

Architecture

MielinOS uses a layered architecture inspired by biological neural networks:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Layer 4: Applications & Agents                                  │
│          • AI Agents (WASM sandboxed)                          │
│          • User Applications                                    │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 3: Services & Runtime                                     │
│          • mielin-cells (Agent SDK)                            │
│          • mielin-wasm (WebAssembly Runtime)                   │
│          • mielin-tensor (Tensor Operations)                   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 2: Mesh Networking                                        │
│          • mielin-mesh-core (DHT, Routing)                     │
│          • mielin-mesh-wire (QUIC Protocol)                    │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 1: Kernel & Runtime                                       │
│          • mielin-kernel (Microkernel)                         │
│          • mielin-rt (Embedded Runtime)                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 0: Hardware Abstraction                                   │
│          • mielin-hal (HAL)                                    │
│          ↕                                                      │
│ Physical: Arm | RISC-V | x86 | Cortex-M | NPU | GPU            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Features

Hardware Support

Vector Extensions

• Arm: SVE, SVE2, SME, NEON
• x86: AVX, AVX2, AVX512, AMX
• RISC-V: Vector Extension (experimental)

Key Capabilities

• Agent Migration: Live state transfer between nodes
• Mesh Networking: Decentralized peer discovery and routing
• Fault Tolerance: Automatic failover and recovery
• Multi-tenancy: Namespace isolation and resource quotas
• Observability: Distributed tracing and metrics
• Security: mTLS, capability-based access control

Examples

Running a Mesh Cluster

# Start a mesh node
cargo run -p mielin-cli -- mesh start --bind 0.0.0.0:9000

# Join an existing cluster
cargo run -p mielin-cli -- mesh join 192.168.1.100:9000

# Deploy an agent
cargo run -p mielin-cli -- agent deploy ./my-agent.wasm

Creating an Agent

use mielin::prelude::*;
use mielin::cells::{Agent, AgentState, Policy};

// Define agent behavior
struct MyAgent {
    counter: u64,
}

impl Agent for MyAgent {
    fn on_message(&mut self, msg: Message) -> Result<(), AgentError> {
        self.counter += 1;
        println!("Received message #{}", self.counter);
        Ok(())
    }

    fn on_migrate(&self) -> AgentState {
        // Serialize state for migration
        AgentState::new(self.counter)
    }
}

Hardware-Aware Tensor Operations

use mielin::tensor::{Tensor, TensorOps};
use mielin::hal::capabilities::HardwareProfile;

fn main() {
    let hw = HardwareProfile::detect();
    println!("Vector width: {} bits", hw.max_vector_width());

    // Operations automatically use best available SIMD
    let a = Tensor::randn(&[1024, 1024]);
    let b = Tensor::randn(&[1024, 1024]);
    let c = a.matmul(&b);

    println!("Result shape: {:?}", c.shape());
}

Building from Source

Prerequisites

• Rust 1.75+ (stable)
• For kernel development: rustup target add x86_64-unknown-none
• For WASM agents: rustup target add wasm32-wasip1

Build Commands

# Build all default crates
cargo build

# Build with all features
cargo build --all-features

# Build the kernel (requires bare-metal target)
cargo build -p mielin-kernel --target x86_64-unknown-none

# Run tests
cargo test

# Run benchmarks
cargo bench -p benches

Documentation

• API Documentation - Rustdoc reference
• Architecture Guide - System design details
• Migration Guide - Agent migration protocol
• Security Model - Capability-based security

Roadmap

Phase 1: "Ranvier" (v0.1.x) - Foundation ✅

• ✅ Microkernel with capability-based IPC
• ✅ Hardware abstraction layer
• ✅ Basic mesh networking (DHT, QUIC)
• ✅ WebAssembly agent runtime
• ✅ Tensor operations with SIMD

Phase 2: "Oligodendrocyte" (v0.2.x) - Q1-Q2 2026

• Live agent migration
• Multi-region deployment
• GPU/NPU acceleration
• Distributed tracing

Phase 3: "Schwann" (v0.3.x) - Q3-Q4 2026

• Consensus protocols
• State replication
• Edge computing optimizations
• IoT gateway support

Phase 4: "Saltatory" (v1.0) - 2027

• Production hardening
• Enterprise features
• Compliance certifications
• Long-term support

Contributing

We welcome contributions! Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

Areas where we need help:

• Hardware drivers for new platforms
• Performance optimizations
• Documentation and examples
• Security auditing

License

Licensed under either of:

• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT)

at your option.

Acknowledgments

MielinOS is developed by COOLJAPAN OU (Team Kitasan).

Special thanks to the Rust community and the authors of our dependencies.

MielinOS - Enabling AI agents to traverse seamlessly across the neural mesh

Named after the myelin sheath - the biological structure enabling rapid signal transmission in neural networks